Zander yana nufin matsakaiciyar sikeli mai kama da kifi. Masana ilimin dabbobi sun sanya su ga dangin dangi. Waɗannan wakilan rayuwar halittun ruwa suna cikin masarufin masana'antu. Wannan nau'in kifin ne asalin tushen shirye-shiryen abinci da yawa. Waɗannan wakilan dangin ɓarna suna rayuwa a ko'ina, sun bazu a cikin Rasha, da kuma cikin yankuna da yawa na Turai da Asiya. Rarraba yafi a cikin ruwa mai tsabta. Masunta na kama kamun kifi a kowane lokaci na shekara, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin zafi da yanayin yanayi ba.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Sudak
Pike perch na cikin maɗaukaki ne, wanda aka rarrabe a cikin kifin mai rai-finned, tsari mai kama-da-tsari, dangin macen da ke rayuwa, jinsin pike-perch, jinsin mutane da yawa. Magoya bayan kayan abincin kifi dangane da matsalar pike basa ɗauka cewa suna cin ɗayan tsoffin wakilan flora da fauna da ke rayuwa a duniya. Abin mamaki, masana kimiyya sunyi imani da cewa tsoffin magabatan pike perch sun bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 25 da suka gabata. Shekaru miliyan 4-5 da suka gabata da kasancewar su, basu canza komai ba a zahiri.
Bidiyo: Sudak
Tsoffin magabatan wannan zamani na pike sun kasance kifayen da ke rayuwa a cikin zurfin teku. Lokacin bayyanar su ana kiran shi lokacin Oligocene, shekaru miliyan 33-23 da suka wuce. Yawancin binciken DNA na abubuwan da aka gano sun nuna cewa matashin jirgin na zamani ya bayyana a lokacin Pliocene, mai yiwuwa shekaru miliyan 5.5 da suka gabata. Siberia ana ɗaukarta asalin mahaifar kifin zamani.
Karatun da yawa sun sa ya yiwu sanin cewa karnin ƙarni na kusan ba shi da wani tasiri ga bayyanar wannan kifin. Koyaya, yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta, wannan jinsin wakilan ruwan tsaftataccen dangin dangi sun fadada yankin mazaunin su. Daga yankin Siberia, ɓarkewar jirgin ruwa ya bazu kusan ko'ina cikin duniya. Akwai nau'ikan pike perch da yawa. Jinsi uku suna rayuwa akan yankin Tarayyar Rasha: talakawa, Volga da ruwa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Pike perch kifi
Girman zander ya dogara da yankin da yake zaune. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin pike ya kai santimita 50-70, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 2-2.3. Yana da dogon jiki, mai tsayi, a matse a jikinsa. Abun halayyar wannan nau'in kifin shine tsarin kayan aikin bakin. Kifi yana da kaifi masu yawa, kamar hakoran hakora waɗanda suke dan lankwasa zuwa cikin bakin. Tare da taimakon waɗannan haƙoran, pike perch yana huda abin ganima akan kamawa. Har yanzu akwai kananan hakora da yawa a tsakanin dogon canines. Yankewa a cikin ramin bakin ya kai matakin ido.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A wasu yankuna, tsawon jikin kifin daya ya wuce mita, kuma nauyinsa ya wuce kilo 15.
Akwai gill a saman gefen kai na kai. Gilashin gill an rufe su da sikeli. Gill na iya zama ja ko ruwan hoda. Launin guntun gill ba koyaushe yake da kyau ba. Idanun ma suna da sifofin tsari. Sun ƙunshi shimfidar haske wanda ke ba da kyakkyawan gani cikin dare. Partangaren sama na jiki a yankin kai, baya da jela launin kore ne-launin toka, ciki ya zama fari-fari. Mizanin ana ketare shi da duhu, kusan ratsi-ƙirin baƙi. Abubuwan da firam a baya da wutsiya na jiki suna haɗuwa da wuraren duhu. Finfin farji ya bambanta da sauran kuma launin rawaya ne mai haske.
Akwai fika-fikai biyu a baya. Finafinan da ke bayan kai yana da haske mai kaifi. Bayan karamin rata, akwai wani fin a bayanta, wanda ya fi na farkon girma kadan, kuma bashi da gashinsa mai kaifi. Kifin Ruwan Gishiri yana da fasali na musamman na waje idan aka kwatanta da na ruwa mai kyau. Suna da ƙaramin ido mai ƙarancin gani kuma babu sikeli a cikin yankin buccal. Lallai kifi yana da ƙanshin ƙanshi. Yana da ikon gano keɓaɓɓen kewayon ƙamshi iri-iri, koda a nesa mai nisa.
Yanzu kun san wane irin kifi ne pike perch, teku ko ruwa mai kyau. Bari mu ga inda pike perch ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin muhalli.
A ina ne Pike perch yake rayuwa?
Photo: Pike perch a ƙarƙashin ruwa
Pike perch abun kamun kifi ne na masana'antu. Ya yadu a Gabashin Turai da yankuna daban-daban na Tarayyar Rasha. Mafi zurfin mafi kyau wanda pike perch ke jin dadi shine mita biyar. A lokacin sanyi, tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, kifin ya nitse zuwa ƙasa, an rufe shi da pebbles, kuma yana neman mafaka. Mafi yawancin lokuta yana da kututture, itacen bushewa, ko kawai baƙin ciki a cikin ƙasa.
A matsayin mazauni, kifi ya fi son sabo mai tsafta, ko ruwan teku mai cikakken matakin wadatar iskar oxygen. Akwai nau'ikan pike perch, alal misali, Bahar Maliya, waɗanda ke jituwa da kyau, duka a cikin ruwan ruwa mai kyau da gishiri. Koyaya, babu ɗayan jinsin da zai rayu a yankuna masu ƙazanta ko ruwa mai ƙarancin iskar oxygen.
Yankunan yanki na mazaunin pike-perch:
- Bahar Maliya;
- Tekun Caspian;
- Tekun Azov;
- Tekun Aral;
- Basin baltic;
- kogunan Siberia;
- manyan tabkunan Rasha - Seliger, Ladoga, Onega, Ilmen, Karelia, Lake Peipsi;
- Ural;
- tafkunan Gabas ta Tsakiya;
- manyan kogunan Rasha - Don, Volga, Kuban, Oka.
Yawancin manyan tafkunan ruwa na Gabashin Turai, kogunan Belarus, Ukraine, sabbin wuraren ajiyar ruwa na yankuna daban-daban na Asiya ba banda bane. Wasu nau'in suna rayuwa koda a Kanada da Arewacin Amurka. Hakanan ana samun Zander a cikin wasu tabkuna a Burtaniya.
Irin wannan shimfidar yanayin kasa na rabe-raben halittun ruwa ya samu ne saboda cewa a wani lokaci mutane sun zaunar da kifi a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Misali, a madatsar ruwa ta Mozhaisk, a tafkin Cherbakul na yankin Chelyabinsk, a tafkin Kogin Moscow, Tafkin Balkhash a Kazakhstan, Issyk-Kul a Kirgizistan, ana samun kifi ne kawai saboda ayyukan mutane. Pike perch yana da matukar sha'awar tafki tare da ƙanƙan duwatsu, sassan zurfin rafuka da tafkuna tare da ruwa mai tsabta. Irin wannan kifin baya faruwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi.
Menene pikeperch yake ci?
Photo: Zander a cikin ruwa
Pike perch na cikin masu cin naman dabbobi. Saboda haka, abincin su ya kunshi ƙananan ƙananan kifi ko ɓawon burodi. Teetharfi, haƙoran canine masu lankwasa a ciki basa barin wata dama. Lokacin da aka kama su, toƙarar da ke cikin jikin sai ta huda jikin wanda aka azabtar, kuma ƙananan haƙoran bakin bakin suna riƙe ganimar da ƙarfi, ba tare da barin ta ba.
Jin ƙamshi mai kyau da hangen nesa mai kyau yana bawa zander damar farauta cikin nasara da samun ganima koda cikin cikakken duhu. Yana da mahimmanci sosai cewa siffar abin farautar tana da jiki, mai tsayi. Kawai a cikin wannan yanayin ne pike-perch zai iya hadiye abincin.
Abin da ke zama tushen abinci don kifi:
- gudgeon;
- narke;
- gobies;
- ruffs;
- kananan molluscs;
- narke;
- kananan laushi;
- hamsu;
- rauni;
- dace;
- kayan kwalliya;
- kwadi;
- fitilar kogi.
Ana ɗaukar Zander a matsayin ƙwararren maharbi. Yana amfani da dabarun farauta na musamman. Baƙon abu ne a gare shi ya bi wanda aka azabtar. Yana amfani da jira da ganin dabara. Mafi yawanci, mai farautar yana yin kama da kansa kuma ya kasance ba ya motsi har sai abin da ake ci da shi ya kasance a yankin da yake kaiwa. Sannan ya doki mata da saurin walƙiya daga inda yake ɓoye. Animalsananan dabbobi na iya ciyarwa ba kawai a kan ƙananan kifi da molluscs ba, har ma a kan nau'ikan kwari daban-daban - ƙwarin jini, leƙo, larvae daban-daban, da dai sauransu.
Zander ɗan kama-karya ne. Farauta sosai a dare da rana. Lokacin da ya koshi, sai ya buya a cikin gidan da aka zaba ya huta yayin narkar da abinci. Mai farauta yana aiki sosai tare da farkon lokacin bazara har zuwa tsakiyar kaka. A wannan lokacin, yana buƙatar abinci mai yawa. A lokacin ƙarfe, aikin pike perch yana raguwa kuma yana cin ƙarancin abinci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Kogin kifin pike perch
Mafi yawan lokuta, Pike perch yana rayuwa a cikin garken, kodayake akwai mutane guda ɗaya. Matsakaicin adadin kifaye a wata makaranta 25-40 ne. Fishananan kifayen sukan samar da manyan makarantu, wanda yawansu zai iya kaiwa ɗaruruwan mutane. Mai farauta yana aiki sosai a cikin duhu, kodayake shi ma yana iya farauta da rana. Pike perch yana da saurin haɗari da saurin kifi wanda zai iya isa zuwa saurin gaske.
Kifi sun fi son rayuwa a zurfin mita 3-5; kusan ba sa faruwa a cikin ruwa mai ƙarancin gaske. Da farkon kaka, suna gangarowa zuwa ƙasa kuma suna neman tsari don jiran sanyi da sanyi. Kafin wannan, kifayen sun taru a makarantu da yawa, ya danganta da nau'ikan shekarun. Koyaya, baƙon abu ne a gare su su hibernate. A saman irin wannan garken shi ne mutum mafi girma da karfi. A ƙarshen garken, akwai mafi ƙanƙan mutane waɗanda damuna ke zuwa don farko a rayuwarsu. Bayan ƙarshen hunturu, garken suna zama tare har zuwa farkon haihuwar, sannan sai su rarrabu zuwa ƙananan rukuni kuma su bazu a wurare daban-daban.
Pike perch yakan ji tsoron hasken rana. Sabili da haka, yayin lokacin da rana ta fito da ƙarfi, kifin yana ɓuya a wuraren da hasken rana kai tsaye ba zai iso gare su ba. Baƙon abu ne ga kullun, kamar sauran kifi, yin wasa a cikin ruwa, fantsama, ko tsalle daga ciki. Yana jagorantar sirrin rayuwa mai ban mamaki. Pike perch suna da matukar son bishiyoyi tare da yalwar ganyayyaki waɗanda suka faɗa cikin ruwa. Suna gujewa ta kowace hanya mai yuwuwa, kuma kusan ba a samun su a kan zurfin teku tare da ƙasa mai laka.
Mai farauta yana bukatar ɗan lokaci kaɗan don hutawa. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan yan awanni ne kawai a rana. Lokacin da kifin ya cika, sai ya ɓuya a cikin amintaccen tsari, kuma yana yin awowi da yawa a wurin a keɓantattun wurare - ƙarƙashin ɓarna, duwatsu, da sauransu. Pike perch na iya ƙaura, ƙari ma, fiye da nesa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Jirgin ruwa na yau da kullun
Lokacin kiwo yana farawa ne a lokacin da ruwa ya dumama sosai. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na ruwa ya isa digiri 9-10. A yankin kudanci na Tarayyar Rasha, lokacin kwanciya na mai farauta ya faɗi ne a farkon rabin watan Afrilu, a kan yankin ruwan Turai, inda yanayin yanayi mara kyau a tsakiyar, ko kusa da ƙarshen Afrilu, a yankunan arewacin mazauni - ƙarshen bazara, farkon bazara. Spawning yana faruwa a cikin wuraren da aka fi so kuma sanannun zander, galibi a zurfin mita 4-6. A lokacin ɓatancin, maharbin yakan zaɓi wuraren da yake mafi natsuwa da kwanciyar hankali.
A lokacin kiwo, kifi kan taru a kananan kungiyoyi, wadanda suka kunshi maza da yawa, da kuma mata daya ko biyu. Kafin sanya ƙwai, mace ta sami wuri mai dacewa kuma ta tsabtace ta da taimakon jelarta. Har ila yau, a matsayin wuri don jefa ƙwai tare da wutsiya, ana iya yin rami a ƙasan tafkin, wanda ke da diamita na 40-60 santimita da zurfin santimita 10-15.
Mata masu saurin haifuwa halayya ce kawai ta wayewar gari. Da sassafe, mace na ɗaukar matsayi na tsaye, yayin da ƙarshen kai ya ƙasa. Pike perch ana ɗaukarsa ingantacciyar jinsin rayuwar marine.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mace guda ɗaya, tana da nauyin kilogram 7-8, tana iya yin kwai har na miliyon 1.
Qwai ƙananan ƙanana ne da diamita wanda bai wuce milimita 1 ba kuma suna da launin rawaya mai haske. Namiji mafi girma daga cikin garken ya dace da hadi da kwan da aka sanya. Yana shayar da kwan da aka kwanta da madara mai yawa. Babban aikin namiji ya hada da bawai hadi kadai ba, har ma da tabbatar da lafiyar kwan. Na biyu mafi girma a garken na iya zuwa wurin masu tsaro. Ba ya barin kowa kusa da ginin duwatsu kuma yana sanya iska a iska. Sai kawai lokacin da yaron ya fito daga ƙwai, mai gadin ya bar mukaminsa ya tafi.
Bayan hadi, kimanin kwanaki 10 sun wuce, kuma an haife ƙananan kifi, wanda girmansa bai wuce 5-6 mm ba. Ba su dace da rayuwa mai zaman kanta ba kuma ba za su iya ciyar da kansu ba. Bayan kwanaki 3-5, kifin ya bazu a wurare daban-daban kuma ya fara cin plankton. Bugu da ari, ana yin soya daga tsutsa, bayyanar da surar jikin wanda yayi kama da manya. Girman girma na soya ya dogara da yanayin rayuwa da ƙimar samar da abinci. Balaga tana farawa ne kimanin shekaru 3-4. Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwar pike yana shekaru 13-17.
Abokan gaba na walleye
Photo: Pike perch kifi
A cikin mazaunin ƙasa, zander yana da enemiesan kalilan makiya. Bugu da ƙari, manyan masu saurin ɓarkewar ruwa ba sa ƙyamar cin abinci ga manya kawai, har ma da soya, har ma da caviar. Bugu da kari, a cikin yankuna na mahalli, inda ba a samun wadataccen abinci, ana iya kiran makiya na mai farauta a zaman manyan masu gasa abinci - sama da auhu.
Yana da kyau a lura da cewa a mafi yawan yankuna inda pike perch yake zaune, baya fuskantar wata barazana mai karfi kuma yawansu basa shan wahala daga masana'antar kamun kifi, ko kuma hare-haren makiya na halitta. Wannan ya sauƙaƙe saboda gaskiyar cewa ana ajiye kifin a cikin makarantu, wanda ke ƙara damar rayuwa.
Abokan gaba na zander a cikin daji:
- Pike;
- kifin kifi;
- babban perch;
- osman;
- kuraje.
Yawancin maƙiyan da ke sama suna da haɗari musamman ga matasa ko haɗuwa da ƙwai. Caviar kuma na iya ciyarwa akan kwari na ruwa, molluscs, crustaceans. Masonry ya lalace yayin guguwar ruwa, canje-canje kwatsam a cikin yanayin yanayi. Yana da kyau a lura cewa mutane da ayyukansu suna cikin sahun makiya na mai farautar. Yana haifar da haɗari ga yawan kifin ba wai kawai masunta ba, har ma a matsayin mai lalata rayuwar ruwa. Ayyukan ɗan adam suna ƙazantar da tushen ruwa kuma suna haifar da mutuwar yawancin rayuwar ruwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Pike perch a cikin tabkin
Masu bincike sun gano yawancin jama'a. Ofayansu mai haɗuwa ne, wanda ke zaune galibi a cikin yanki ɗaya. Yana da niyyar barin yankuna na al'ada kawai idan akwai gurɓataccen ruwa. A wannan yanayin, kifin yayi tafiya mai nisa na gomman mutane, wani lokacin kuma daruruwan kilomita.
Wani yawan masu cin kashin dan Adam shine rashin lafiyar pike. Tana zaune ne a magudanan ruwa, da kewayen kogi da sauran ruwan ruwa. Tare da farkon bazara, wannan yawan mahautan yana motsawa zuwa gefen haifa don haɓaka. Hijira na iya faruwa sama da gomomi ko ma daruruwan kilomita. Bayan haka ya sake komawa wuraren da ya saba da shi.
A yau, yawan kifi a wasu yankuna yana raguwa cikin sauri. Waɗannan galibi sune nau'in zander na ruwa. Dalilan da suka sa aka samu raguwar yawansu sune gurbataccen ruwa, farauta a wani babban sikeli, da kuma canjin canjin yanayi a wasu yankuna. Kasancewar wannan nau'in kifin yana shaida ainihin tsarkin halitta na tafki.
Kariya na pike perch
Hotuna: Pike perch daga littafin Red
Tekun jirgin ruwa, ba kamar zandar ruwa ba, yawan jama'a ne da ke taɓarɓarewa a hankali. A wannan batun, an haɗa shi a cikin littafin Red Book na Ukraine kuma ana kiyaye shi ta dokoki da hukumomin ƙasa. Matakan da aka tanada don kare jinsin sun hada da rage karfin masana'antar kamun kifi a yankunan da adadin pike perch ke raguwa, tare da kiyaye tsabtar jikin ruwa da dakatar da gurbatar ruwa.
Keta waɗannan ƙa'idodin a wasu yankuna laifi ne na laifi. Mafarauta na iya fuskantar batun zartarwa, ko ma alhakin aikata laifi. A cikin yankuna inda pikeperch yake zaune, Kwamitin Kare Halitta koyaushe yana gudanar da bincike don kimanta ingancin ruwa.
Zander shima babban abincin ne. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa na duniya, ainihin abubuwan girke-girke ana shirya su daga gare ta.Naman wannan nau'in kifin yana da dandano mai kyau kuma yana da saurin narkewa.
Zander yana da siffofi na musamman na waje waɗanda basa ƙyale shi ya rude da kowane nau'in kifi. Suna da kyakkyawar ƙamshin ƙanshi da takamaiman tsari na kayan aikin baka, saboda abin da ake musu kallon mafarauta masu ɓarna.
Ranar bugawa: 06/30/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/23/2019 da 22:33
