Koi ko karafunan dusar ƙanƙara (Eng. Koi, Jafananci 鯉) sune kifaye masu ado waɗanda aka samo daga sifa irin ta Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus). Ofasar kifi ita ce Japan, wanda a yau ya kasance jagora a cikin kiwo da haɗuwa.
Ba a ba da shawarar wannan kifin don ajiye shi a cikin akwatin kifaye ba. Ana ajiye Koi kifi a cikin tafkunan, tunda kifin ruwan sanyi ne kuma babba.
Kuma basa basu abinci a lokacin sanyi. Bugu da kari, ba shi da wahala a hayayyafa shi, amma don samun soyayyen mai inganci akasin haka ne.
Asalin sunan
Kalmomin koi da nishikigoi an samo su ne daga Sinawa 鯉 (carp na kowa) da 錦鯉 (brocade carp) a cikin karatun Jafananci. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin duka yarukan biyu, waɗannan sharuɗɗan suna nuni zuwa gaɓoɓi daban-daban na irin kifi, tun a wancan lokacin babu wani zamani na zamani har yanzu.
Amma me zan iya fada, har yau har yanzu babu sauran daidaito a cikin rabe-raben. Misali, irin kifin Amur kwanan nan wani yanki ne, kuma a yau an riga an dauke shi jinsin daban.
A Yaren Jafananci, koi na homophone ne (yana da sauti iri ɗaya, amma an rubuta daban) don soyayya ko kauna.
Saboda wannan, kifi ya zama sanannen alamar ƙauna da abota a Japan. A Ranar Samari (5 ga Mayu), Jafananci sun rataye koinobori, kayan adon da aka yi da takarda ko yarn, wanda akan shi ne ake yin kwalliyar koi.
Wannan adon yana nuna ƙarfin hali wajen shawo kan matsaloli kuma buri ne na cin nasara a rayuwa.
Tarihin halitta
Babu cikakken bayanai kan asalin. An yi imanin cewa 'yan kasuwa ne suka kawo irin kifin na kowa, ko kuma ya isa can ta hanya. Kuma daga China ya zo Japan, amma tuni akwai alamun 'yan kasuwa ko baƙin haure.
A rubutattun kafofin, ambaton farko na koi ya samo asali ne tun daga ƙarni na 14-15. Sunan gida magoi ko baƙar fata.
Irin kifin shine kyakkyawan tushen furotin, don haka manoma a Yankin Niigata suka fara kirkirar su don samar musu da abinci mai ƙarancin shinkafa a cikin watannin hunturu. Lokacin da kifin ya kai tsawon cm 20, an kama shi, an sa masa gishiri an bushe a ajiye.
Zuwa karni na 19, manoma sun fara lura cewa wasu kuraje sun canza. Ja ko fari ya bayyana a jikinsu. Wanene, yaushe kuma don me ya kawo ra'ayin don kiwon su ba don abinci ba, amma don dalilai na ado - ba a sani ba.
Koyaya, Jafananci sun daɗe suna aikin kiwo, misali, ana bin duniya bashin bayyanar kifin zinari da yawa. Don haka kiwo don kyan gani lokaci ne kawai.
Bugu da ƙari, aikin kiwo ya haɗa da haɗuwa tare da wasu nau'in kifin. Misali, a farkon karni na 20, an ketara kifi da katun madubi daga kasar Jamus. Ma'aikatan Jafananci sun sanya sabon bambancin Doitsu (Jamusanci a Jafananci).
Haƙiƙa bunƙasa a cikin kiwo ta zo ne a shekara ta 1914, lokacin da wasu masu kiwo suka gabatar da kifaye a wurin baje koli a Tokyo. Mutane daga ko'ina cikin Japan sun ga taskar rayuwa kuma yawancin sababbin bambancin sun bayyana a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
Sauran duniya sun koya game da koi, amma sun sami damar yaɗuwa ko'ina cikin duniya kawai a cikin shekaru sittin, tare da bayyanar kwantena na roba. A ciki, ana iya aika carps zuwa kowace ƙasa ba tare da haɗarin rasa ɗayan rukunin ba.
A yau ana yin su a duk duniya, amma ana ɗaukar su mafi kyau a cikin Yankin Niigata. Koi yana ɗaya daga cikin kifin da ake buƙata a duniya. Kuna iya samun masoya na asali a kusan kowace ƙasa.
Bayani
Tunda kifin kandami ne wanda aka ajiye shi saboda jinsi, ana daraja manyan kifaye. Girman al'ada na koi ana ɗaukar shi daga 40 cm zuwa rikodin cm 120. Kifin ya yi nauyi daga kilo 4 zuwa 40, kuma ya rayu har ... shekaru 226.
Tsohon rubutaccen koi a tarihi ya wanzu har zuwa wannan zamanin aƙalla. An ƙididdige shekarunsa ta hanyar yadudduka a cikin sikeli, tunda a cikin irin kifin ana kirkirar kowane Layer sau ɗaya a shekara, kamar zobba a cikin bishiyoyi.
Sunan mai rikodin shine Hanako, amma banda shi, shekarun da aka lasafta don sauran katako. Kuma ya kasance: Aoi - yana da shekara 170, Chikara - yana da shekara 150, Yuki - mai shekara 141, da dai sauransu.
Yana da wuya a bayyana launi. A cikin shekaru, bambancin da yawa sun bayyana. Sun banbanta da juna a launi, launi da fasalin aibobi, kasancewa ko rashin sikeli da sauran alamu.
Kodayake yawansu kusan ba shi da iyaka, amma masu koyo suna ƙoƙarin rarraba nau'in. Da ke ƙasa akwai jerin nau'in da bai cika ba.
- Gosanke: abin da ake kira manyan uku (Kohaku, Sanke da Showa)
- Kohaku: jikin fari mai haske ja ja-gora
- Taisho Sanshoku (Sanke): mai launuka uku ne, jikin fari mai jajayen ɗigo da ƙananan baƙi. An halicce su a zamanin Taisho
- Showa Sanshoku (Showa): Bakin jiki mai launin ja da fari. An ƙirƙira su a lokacin Showa
- Bekko: jikin mutum fari, ja ko rawaya mai alamun ƙirar tabo wanda bai kamata ya wuce kansa ba
- Utsuri: "akwatin bincike", launuka masu launin ja, rawaya ko fari a kan asalin baƙar fata
- Asagi: Sassaka irin kifi tare da tsarin raga akan bangon shuɗi
- Shusui: Layi biyu na manyan sikeli masu launuka masu launuka da ke gudana a baya zuwa jela. Kada a sami sarari a jere.
- Tancho: fari ne da ɗaɗaɗɗen tabo ɗaya a kai, kamar katon Jafananci (Grus Japonensis) ko nau'in kifin zinare
- Hikarimono: kifi kala-kala, amma ma'auni tare da karfen ƙarfe. Ya hada da nau'ikan da yawa
- Ogon: zinariya (kowane mai launin ƙarfe koi)
- Nezu: launin toka mai duhu
- Yamabuki: rawaya
- Koromo: "A lulluɓe", wani tsari mai duhu wanda aka zana a kan jan tushe
- Kin: siliki (launin ƙarfe wanda yake haske kamar siliki)
- Kujaku: "dawisu", shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin ruwan toho mai haske ko ja
- Matsukawa Bakke: Yankunan baki suna canzawa daga baƙi zuwa launin toka dangane da yanayin zafin jiki
- Doitsu: parfe mara gashi na Jamusanci (daga inda aka shigo da tarkon sikeli)
- Kikusui: farin kifi mai haske tare da jan aibobi
- Matsuba: pinecone (shading babban launi tare da tsarin pinecone)
- Kumonryu (Kumonryu) - an fassara daga Jafananci "kumonryu" - "dragon fish". Koi ba tare da sikeli ba tare da tsari kamar kifin kifi whale
- Karasugoi: Raven baƙin katako, ya haɗa da ƙananan ƙananan kamfanoni
- Hajiro: baƙi mai fari da gefuna a kan fika-fikai da jela
- Chagoi: launin ruwan kasa ne, kamar shayi
- Midorigoi: launin kore
Hadaddiyar abun ciki
Babban matsalolin suna da alaƙa da girma da sha'awar kifin. Wannan kifin kandami ne, tare da duk sakamakon da ya biyo baya.
Don kiyayewa kuna buƙatar kandami, tacewa, ciyarwa mai yawa. Yana da ban sha'awa a kiyaye su, amma tsada.
Koi a cikin akwatin kifaye
Ba a ba da shawarar adana waɗannan kifin a cikin akwatin kifaye ba! Babban kifi ne, mai ruwan sanyi wanda ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi na yanayi. Lokacin aiki a lokacin rani yana ba da damar kammala passivity a cikin hunturu.
Yawancin masu sha'awar sha'awa ba sa iya samar da yanayi masu dacewa. Idan kun yanke shawarar adana shi a cikin akwatin kifaye, to girman sa ya zama daga lita 500 ko sama da haka. Zafin ruwan yana zafin jiki na ɗaki, tare da raguwar yanayi.
Ba za a iya ajiye kifin na wurare masu zafi tare da su ba, amma ana iya adana wasu na zinariya.
Koi carps a cikin kandami
Da kansu, koi carps ba su da ma'ana; tare da daidaitaccen al'ada a cikin tafkin, kawai suna buƙatar ciyar da su.
Mafi yawancin lokuta, masu mallakar suna fuskantar matsalar ruwa mai tsafta a cikin kandami kuma suna cimma hakan ta amfani da nau'ikan tacewa. Gaskiyar ita ce, galibin tafkunan da suke zaune karami ne kuma ba sa iya samar da zaman kansu, tsabtace yanayi.
Suna buƙatar tacewa ta waje don cire kayayyakin ɓarnata daga ruwa kafin su kashe kifin. Kyakkyawan tsarin tsaftacewa yana ƙunshe da hanyoyin tsabtace ɗakunan halitta da na inji.
Ba za mu tsaya a kansa ba daban, tunda yanzu akwai zabi dayawa. Dukansu shirye da na gida.
Yawan zafin ruwan ya zama tsayayye kuma baya canzawa sosai cikin kankanin lokaci. Da kansu, carps zasu iya jure yanayin ƙarancin ruwa da ƙarancin ruwa.
Amma, kuma, idan tafki ƙarami ne, to, canjin canjin can yana da yawa. Don hana kifi shan wahala daga gare su, zurfin kandami dole ne ya zama aƙalla 100 cm.
Har ila yau, tafkin ya kamata ya kasance yana da gefuna masu tsayi waɗanda zasu hana masu farauta irin su mahaɗan shiga.
Tun da kandami yana cikin sararin sama, tasirin lokacin bai da ƙarfi sosai. A ƙasa zaku sami abin da za ku nema a kowane lokaci na shekara.
Bazara
Mafi munin lokaci na shekara don irin kifi. Na farko, yanayin ruwan yana saurin canzawa a cikin yini.
Abu na biyu, masu farautar yunwa sun bayyana, suna neman kyawawan kifaye bayan dogon hunturu ko jirgi daga ƙasashe masu ɗumi.
Abu na uku, yawan zafin ruwan + 5-10ºC shine mafi hadari ga kifi. Ba a riga an kunna garkuwar jikin kifi ba, amma ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta suna akasin haka.
Mafi kyawu abin da zaka iya yi a wannan lokacin don koi shine samar musu da iskar oxygen da yanayin tsayayyen ruwa. Kiyaye kifi sosai. Nemi kowane alamun gargaɗi - gajiyarwa ko raunin iyo.
Ciyar da kifin yayin da zafin ruwan ya tashi sama da 10ºC. Idan suka tsaya kusa da farfajiyar suka nemi abinci, to wannan alama ce mai kyau.
A wannan lokacin, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da abinci tare da babban ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin alkama, saboda sun fi kyau nutsuwa.
Bazara
Mafi kyawun rana kuma mafi zafi a shekara, wanda ke nufin matsakaiciyar kwayar halitta a cikin kifi da kuma iyakar aikin tsarin garkuwar jiki. A lokacin rani, koi na iya ciyarwa sau 3-5 a rana ba tare da cutar da lafiya ba.
Kuna buƙatar kawai tabbatar da tsarin tace ku a shirye don wannan, saboda yawan sharar zata ƙara ƙaruwa sosai. Kuma tare da shi da kuma nitrates tare da ammoniya.
Ari da haka, idan ba ku da babban isasshen tacewa, tabkin ku zai ƙare kama da kwanon miyar kuka!
Wani abin da za'a kula dashi a lokacin rani shine matakin oxygen a cikin ruwa.
Haƙiƙa shine mafi girman yanayin zafin jiki, mafi munin oxygen yana narkewa kuma yana riƙe dashi. Kifi ya shaka, ya tsaya a saman kuma zai iya mutuwa.
Don kula da matakin oxygen a cikin ruwa, dole ne a sha iska. A ka'ida, yana iya kasancewa ko dai mai gudanar da iska ko faduwar ruwa ko rafin ruwa daga matattara.
Babban abu shi ne cewa madubin kandami oscillates. Ta hanyar rawar ruwa ne musayar gas ke faruwa.
Matsakaicin matakin oxygen a cikin ruwan da Koi ke buƙata shine 4 ppm. Ka tuna cewa 4 ppm shine mafi ƙarancin buƙata, matakan oxygen koyaushe ya kasance sama da wannan. Koi naka yana buƙatar oxygen don rayuwa.
Tsarin ruwa mai kyau a lokacin bazara shine 21-24ºC. Wannan shi ne mafi kyawun yanayin zafin jiki a gare su.
Idan kana da kududdufin da ba shi da nisa, zafin ruwan na iya hawa zuwa matakan da ke da hadari a cutar da shi. Bayar da tsari ko inuwa ga kududdufin ku daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Koi yana son cin ƙwaro. Sau da yawa da daddare, zaka iya jin mari a cikin ruwa lokacin da suke kokarin kaiwa kwari masu yawo kusa da farfajiyar. Ciyarwa mai yawa da ƙarin ƙwarin ƙwaro yana sa su girma cikin sauri.
Faduwa
Komai ya faɗi - ganye, zafin jiki na ruwa, tsawon hasken rana. Da kuma tsarin garkuwar jiki. Poikilothermia ko sanyin-jini shima halaye ne na irin kifi. Zafin jikinsu ya dogara da yanayin zafin ruwan.
Lokacin da zafin ruwan ya sauko kasa da 15ºC, zaku ga carps suna raguwa. Bugu da ƙari, kuna buƙatar saka idanu kan lafiyar su da halayen su.
A wannan lokacin, lokaci yayi da za a shirya don lokacin sanyi. Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya fara sauka, canza zuwa abinci mai yawan ƙwayoyin alkama da ƙananan furotin.
Wannan hadin zai zama da sauki a narke kuma zai taimaka wajen tsarkake tsarin narkewar abinci.
Dakatar da ciyar da koi gaba ɗaya lokacin da zafin jiki ya ƙasa da 10C. Suna iya jin yunwa, amma idan ka basu abinci, abincin cikin su zai ruɓe kuma zasu sha wahala.
Kiyaye kududdufinki tsaf tsaf a lokacin kaka. Wannan yana nufin cire ganye da sauran tarkace daga tafkin ka nan take. Idan kuka barshi a cikin tabkinku a duk lokacin hunturu, zai fara ruɓewa da kuma sakin gas mai guba.
Lokacin hunturu (hunturu)
Idan arewacin ya ci gaba da rayuwa, za a sami damar da za ku ga dusar ƙanƙara da kankara, duk da cewa damuna suna da dumi yanzu.
Koi ya shiga cikin nutsuwa a lokacin hunturu, saboda haka basa cin abinci ko kuma haifar da wani guba. Kar a ciyar da koi idan yanayin zafin ruwan yana kasa da 10C.
A lokacin hunturu, haka kuma a lokacin rani, ya zama dole a saka idanu akan iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa, cikakken daskarewa daga farfajiyar yana da haɗari musamman. Zai fi kyau a kashe ruwan ruwan a wannan lokacin, saboda yana sanya yanayin zafin ruwan ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa.
A wannan lokacin, kifin yana manne a ƙasan, inda zafin ruwan ya ɗan fi yadda yake a sama. Ayyukanta sun zama ba sifili, carps sun faɗi a cikin jihar kusa da rashin bacci. Ba a ciyar da katako Koi a cikin hunturu!
Tabbatar cewa zafin ruwan bai kusanci + 1C ba. In ba haka ba, lu'ulu'u na kankara na iya samuwa a kan rafin kifin.
Kar a saka gishiri a cikin kududdan ku. Gishiri yana saukar da wurin daskarewa na ruwa, don haka idan ka saka shi a cikin tafkin ka na iya kashe kifi kamar yadda zafin ruwan zai iya sauka ƙasa da daskarewa.
Ciyarwa
Akwai dalilai da yawa da za a yi la’akari da su yayin ciyarwa:
- Girman tace
- Girman kandami
- Nau'in tace da adadin lokacin da za'a samu don tsaftace shi
- Kifi nawa kuke dasu a cikin kududdufin
- Menene lokacin shekara
Lokacin bazara shine lokacin girma ga irin kifi. A cikin muhallinsu na yau da kullun, zasu ci gwargwadon ƙarfinsu don tara kitse domin su rayu a lokacin hunturu lokacin da abinci yayi ƙaranci. Ya kamata ku ciyar da abinci mai gina jiki mai yawa a lokacin bazara don haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar su.
Yawancin mutane galibi suna ciyar da sau 2-5 a rana. Idan ka ciyar dasu kusan sau 2-3 a rana, zasuyi girma a hankali ko kuma su tsaya kusan girman su.
Idan ka ciyar sau 3-5 a rana, zasu girma da sauri kuma zasu kai girman girman su da sauri.
Dole ne ku lura da yawan abincin; ba kwa son yin oba da matatar ilimin halittu. Idan wannan ya faru, za a sami hauhawa a cikin ammoniya kuma kifi na iya mutuwa.
Yawan shayarwa na iya zama cutarwa ta hanyar kiba da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da ke tattare da su.
Hakanan za'a iya ciyar da Koi. Suna son lemu, 'ya'yan inabi, lemuna, kankana, burodi, tsutsar ciki, tsutsotsi, da sauran' ya'yan itace da lafiyayyu da yawa ..
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kamar su lemu da' ya'yan inabi za a iya yanka su rabi a jefa a cikin ruwa sauran yankakken abincin a yanyanka.
A lokacin bazara, lokacin da zafin jikin ku na faduwa kasa da 15ºC, ya kamata ku fara ciyar da abinci mai dauke da kwayar alkama don taimakawa tsarkake tsarin narkewar abinci.
Lokacin da zafin ruwan ya fara sauka kasa da 10ºC, ya kamata ku daina ciyar dasu gaba ɗaya. Lokacin da zafin ruwan ya yi sanyi sosai, tsarin narkewar abincin ki zai tsaya kuma duk abincin da ya rage a ciki zai fara ruɓewa.
A lokacin hunturu, ba a cin carbi kwata-kwata. Rashin karfin jikinsu yana raguwa zuwa mafi karanci, don haka suna buƙatar kitsen jikinsu ne kawai don tsira da watanni masu sanyi.
A lokacin bazara, kumburin jiki yana farkawa, don haka yana da kyau ku ciyar da su abinci mai narkewa mai sauƙin ƙwayar ƙwayar alkama.
Kuna iya fara ciyar dasu da zaran zafin ruwan da ke cikin tafkin ya zarce 10ºC. Kyakkyawan alama idan irin kifi fara cin shuke-shuke girma a cikin kandami.
Fara da ciyarwa sau ɗaya a rana sannan kuma a hankali ƙara adadin. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya kasance kusan 15ºC, zaku iya fara ciyar da babban furotin.
Kyakkyawan abinci yana ƙunshe da cikakkun ƙwayoyin sunadarai da tsayayyen bitamin C, wanda baya kaskantarwa cikin kwanaki 90 kamar yadda aka saba.
Karfinsu
Ba shi da wuya a yi tunanin cewa kifin kandami bai dace da kifin na wurare masu zafi ba. Banda wasu nau'ikan kifin zinare, kamar shubunkin. Amma sun fi wutsiyar ruwa kadan koi.
Koi da kifin zinare
Kifin Kifin ya bayyana a cikin China sama da shekaru dubu da suka gabata ta hanyar kiwo daga irin kifin da ake kira Crucian. Sun canza sosai tun daga wannan lokacin kifin zinare (Carassius auratus) da kifin kifi (Carassius gibelio) yanzu ana ɗaukar su jinsuna daban.
Kifin Kifin ya zo Japan a cikin karni na 17, kuma zuwa Turai a 18. Koi, amma, an yi kiwon su daga kifin Amur a 1820.Bugu da ƙari, su bambancin launi ne kuma idan ba ku kula da launi ba, to bayan ƙarni da yawa sun zama kifi na yau da kullun.
Tsawon irin kifin ya kai mita ɗaya kuma a matsakaita suna girma cikin ƙimar 2 cm kowace wata. Mafi girman kifin zinare ba zai wuce 30 cm ba.
Sun fi ƙanana, suna da bambancin yanayin jiki, sun fi bambancin canza launi, da kuma fika-fikai.
Bambance-bambancen suna da cikakkiyar siffar jiki kuma sun bambanta da juna kawai cikin launi.
Wasu nau'ikan kifin zinare (na kowa, tauraruwa mai wutsiya, shubunkin) suna kama da launi da surar jiki zuwa koi kuma suna da wahalar bambancewa kafin balaga.
Koi da kifin zinare na iya haɗuwa da juna, amma tunda nau'ikan kifi ne daban-daban, zuriyar za ta zama bakararre.
Bambancin jima'i
Namiji daga mace ana iya rarrabe shi da siffar jiki. Maza sun fi tsayi kuma siriri, yayin da mata kuma suke kamar iska. Sun fi maza girma koyaushe, domin suna ɗauke da ɗaruruwan ƙwai.
Saboda wannan, yawancin masu sha'awar sha'awa suna kiyaye mata kawai, tunda launin kifin ya fi kyau a bayyane akan jiki mai faɗi. Kuma saboda wannan dalili, mata mafi yawan lokuta suna cin nasara a nune-nunen.
Amma wannan banbancin kawai yana bayyana ne a kan lokaci yayin da kifin yake girma da girma.
Bayan balaga (kusan shekara biyu), bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji ya bayyana.
Kiwo
A dabi'a, carps suna yin kiwo a bazara ko farkon bazara lokacin da soya ke da kyakkyawar damar rayuwa. Namiji ya fara bin mace, yana iyo a bayanta yana turawa.
Bayan ta kwashe ƙwai, sai ta nitse zuwa ƙasa, saboda sun fi ruwa nauyi. Bugu da kari, qwai suna da danko kuma sun manne a kan kabeji.
Duk da cewa mace ta yi dubunnan kwai, kaɗan ne suka rayu har su girma, tunda sauran kifin suna cin ƙwai ɗin.
An haifi Malek cikin kwanaki 4-7. Fitar kyawawan kifi da lafiya daga wannan toya ba sauki. Gaskiyar ita ce, ba kamar kifin zinare ba, wanda yawancin soya zai dusashe ko ma ya sami nakasa.
Idan soya ba ta da launi mai ban sha'awa, to, gogaggen mai kiwo ya rabu da shi. Yawancin lokaci ana ciyar da soya da arowan, saboda an yi imanin cewa suna haɓaka launi na ƙarshen.
Ana sayar da ƙananan daraja, amma ba mafi kyau ba, azaman kifi na kandami na kowa. An bar mafi kyawu don kiwo, amma wannan ba garanti bane cewa zuriya daga garesu zata kasance mai haske.
Kiwo wanda da yawa ya dogara da shari'ar yana da nasa fa'idodi da rashin amfani. A gefe guda, mai yiwuwa ba za ku sami sakamako ba ko da kun shirya, a gefe guda, za ku iya samun sabon launi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, don ƙarni da yawa.
