Tsarin halittu shine ma'amala da rayayyun halittu, wanda ya kunshi kwayoyin halittu masu rai da kuma mazauninsu. Tsarin muhalli babban ma'auni ne da haɗin kai wanda zai ba ku damar kiyaye yawancin jinsunan halittu masu rai. A zamaninmu, akwai tsarin halittu na halitta da na halittar dan adam. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakaninsu shi ne na farkon an halicce shi ne ta karfin yanayi, na biyu kuma da taimakon mutum.
Darajar agrocenosis
Agrocenosis shine yanayin halittar da hannayen mutane suka kirkira don samun amfanin gona, dabbobi da namomin kaza. Agrocenosis kuma ana kiransa agroecosystem. Misalan agrocenosis sune:
- apple da sauran lambuna;
- filayen masara da sunflower;
- makiyayar shanu da tumaki;
- gonakin inabi;
- lambunan kayan lambu.
Saboda gamsuwa da bukatunsa da karuwar yawan mutane, kwanan nan an tilasta wa mutum canzawa da lalata halittu masu rai. Don yin tunani da haɓaka ƙimar amfanin gona, mutane suna ƙirƙirar agroecosystems. A zamanin yau, 10% na duk ƙasar da ke akwai ta mamaye ƙasa don amfanin gona, da kuma 20% - makiyaya.
Bambanci tsakanin tsarin halittu da agrocenosis
Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin agrocenosis da yanayin halittu sune:
- albarkatun gona da aka kirkira ba za su iya yin gasa ba wajen yakar nau'in shuke-shuke da dabbobi na daji;
- agroecosystems ba su dace da farfadowar kansu ba, kuma sun dogara gaba daya ga mutum kuma ba tare da shi ba da sauri sun raunana kuma sun mutu;
- yawancin tsire-tsire da dabbobi iri ɗaya a cikin agroecosystem suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar sifofin ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari masu cutarwa;
- a dabi'a, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan da yawa, sabanin al'adun mutane.
Irƙiraren aikin gona da aka kirkira dole ne ya kasance ƙarƙashin cikakken ikon ɗan adam. Rashin dacewar agrocenosis shine yawan yawaitar yawan kwari da fungi, wanda hakan baya cutar da amfanin gona kawai, amma kuma yana iya bata muhalli. Girman yawan al'adu a cikin agrocenosis yana ƙaruwa ne kawai ta hanyar amfani da:
- sako-sako da kwari;
- ban ruwa na yankuna masu bushewa;
- bushewar ƙasa mai ruwa;
- maye gurbin iri iri;
- takin gargajiya tare da abubuwa masu ma'adinai da ma'adinai
A yayin kirkirar wani abu na agroecosystem, mutum ya riga ya gina matakai na wucin gadi wajen haɓaka halittu. Sake lamationaukar ƙasa ya shahara sosai - tsari ne mai yawa da nufin inganta yanayin ƙasa don samun mafi girman ƙimar amfanin ƙasa. Hanyar kimiyya kawai madaidaiciya, kula da yanayin ƙasa, matakan laima da takin mai ma'adinai na iya haɓaka haɓakar agrocenosis idan aka kwatanta da yanayin ƙasa.
Sakamako mara kyau na agrocenosis
Yana da mahimmanci ga bil'adama ya kula da daidaitattun abubuwan alfasha da na halittu. Mutane suna ƙirƙirar agroecosystems don ƙara yawan abinci da amfani dashi don masana'antar abinci. Koyaya, ƙirƙirar agroecosystems na wucin gadi yana buƙatar ƙarin yankuna, don haka mutane galibi suna sare dazuzzuka, suna nome ƙasa kuma ta haka ne suke lalata halittun da ke cikin yanayin. Wannan ya dagula daidaituwar dabbobin daji da na gona da na shuke-shuke.
Matsayi na biyu mara kyau shine magungunan kashe qwari, wanda galibi ake amfani dasu don sarrafa kwari a cikin agroecosystems. Wadannan sunadarai, ta hanyar ruwa, iska da kwari, suna shiga cikin halittu ne da ke gurbata su. Bugu da kari, yawan amfani da takin zamani ga abubuwan amfanin gona yana haifar da gurbatar jikin ruwa da ruwan karkashin kasa.
