Wannan kifin ya shiga cikin tsarin ilimin halittu kamar Sparus aurata. Baya ga suna gama gari - dorado - abubuwanda suka samo asali daga Latin sun fara amfani da su: spar gold, aurata. Duk sunaye suna da alaƙa da ƙarfe mai daraja. Ana iya bayanin wannan a sauƙaƙe: a kan kan kifin, tsakanin idanu, akwai ƙaramin zinare na zinare.
Baya ga sunayen da ke sama, kifin yana da wasu: irin kifin kifi, orata, chipura. Ana iya amfani da sunan darado ta hanyar mace ko ta Turai - sakamakon shine dorada ko dorado.
Yankin dorado yana da ɗan ƙarami: Tekun Bahar Rum da Tekun Atlantika, kusa da Maroko, Fotigal, Spain, Faransa. Duk yankin rarrabawa, kifin kifi ko dorado batun kamun kifi ne. Tun zamanin Ancient Rome, dorado ya zama wanda aka kirkira. Yanzu ana haɓaka wannan masana'antar a ƙasashen Maghreb, Turkiyya, da jihohin kudancin Turai.
Bayani da fasali
Kifin yana da fitacciyar alama. M, lebur jiki. Mafi girman tsayin kifin yana kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsawonsa. Wato, yanayin jikin dorado kamar na kargon jirgin ruwa ne. Bayanin martaba da ke sauka a kai. A tsakiyar bayanin martabar idanuwa ne, a cikin ɓangaren ƙananan akwai bakin da ke da kaurin-baki, ɓangarenta an sunkuya zuwa ƙasa. Sakamakon haka, a dorado a hoto ba abokantaka sosai ba, "talakawa" kyan gani.
An shirya haƙora a layuka a babba da ƙananan muƙamuƙin kifin. A jere na farko akwai canines 4-6 na conical. Wadannan ana bin su layuka tare da ƙananan molar. Hakoran da ke cikin layuka na gaba sun fi waɗanda suke nesa da ƙarfi ƙarfi.
Finsins ɗin suna daga cikin nau'in perch, wato, mai wuya da ƙaya. Fitsarin fure da kashin baya 1 da haskoki 5. Dogon kashin baya yana a saman, yana rage haskoki yayin da yake gangarowa zuwa kasa. Arshen dorsal yana kusan kusan duk ɓangaren jiki. Fin din yana da kashin baya 11 da kuma taushi 13-14, ba hasken wulakanci ba. Hind, finafinan fure tare da kashin baya 3 da haskoki 11-12.
Babban launi na jiki launin toka ne mai haske tare da halayyar sheƙen ƙananan ma'auni. Baya baya duhu ne, na hanji, kasan jiki kusan fari ne. Layin layi na bakin ciki ne, a bayyane yake a kai, kusan ya ɓace zuwa wutsiya. A farkon layin gefe, a garesu biyu na jiki akwai tabon gawayi da aka shafa.
Sashin gaban kai duhu ne mai launi; a kan wannan bangon, zinare, madaidaiciyar tabo ya fito, wanda ke tsakanin idanun kifi. A cikin samari matasa, wannan ado an bayyana shi da rauni, yana iya kasancewa babu shi kwata-kwata. Tsiri yana gudana tare da ƙarewar ƙarshen. Wasu lokutan ana iya ganin layin dogon lokaci ko'ina cikin jiki.
Fushin caudal yana da mafi yawan sanannen, siffar da aka ƙera, wanda masana ilimin halitta ke kira homocercal. Wutsiya da ƙarshen kammala ta daidaituwa ce. Loananan filayen suna da duhu, gefen gefen waje yana kewaye da kusan bakin baƙi.
Irin
Dorado na daga nau'in halittu ne, wanda, bi da bi, na dangin spar ne, ko, kamar yadda ake kiran su galibi, irin kifin kifi. Dorado nau'ikan nau'ikan dabi'u ne, ma'ana, bashi da nau'ikan ra'ayoyi.
Amma akwai suna. Akwai kifi shima ana kiransa dorado. Sunan tsarin sa shine Salminus brasiliensis, memba na dangin haracin. Kifin shine ruwa mai kyau, yana zaune a kogin Kudancin Amurka: Parana, Orinoco, Paraguay da sauransu.
Dukansu dorado suna haɗuwa da kasancewar ɗigon zinariya a launi. Bugu da kari, duk kifin guda biyu ne masu kamun kifi. Dorado na Kudancin Amurka yana da sha'awa ne kawai ga masunta masunta, Atlantic - ga 'yan wasa da masunta.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Dorado — kifi tsautsayi. Yana jure ruwa mai yawan ruwan gishiri da zafin jiki da kyau. Dorado ya shafe rayuwarsa a farfajiya, a bakin kogi, a cikin lagoons masu gishiri mai haske. Balagaggen kifi ya bi zurfin kusan 30 m, amma zai iya sauka zuwa mita 100-150.
An yi imanin cewa kifin yana haifar da yanki, rayuwa mai nutsuwa. Amma wannan ba cikakkiyar doka ba ce. Hijirar abinci daga buɗaɗɗun teku zuwa yankunan bakin teku na Spain da Tsibirin Birtaniyya suna faruwa lokaci-lokaci. Motsi ne ke gudana ta daidaikun mutane ko kuma kananan garken tumaki. Da farkon lokacin hunturu, kifi ya koma wurare masu zurfin kai saboda tsoron ƙarancin yanayin zafi.
Alfred Edmund Brehm a cikin labarin almara mai taken "Rayuwar Dabbobi" ya nuna cewa mutanen zamaninsa - mutanen Venice - sun yi kiwon dorado a cikin kududduka masu yawan gaske. Sun gaji wannan aikin ne daga tsoffin Romawa.
A zamaninmu, noman dorado, sifofin zinare a gonakin kifi ya zama gama gari. Wannan yana ba da filaye don tabbatar da cewa akwai waɗanda suka girma kuma suka bayyana a cikin yanayin yanayi jinsunan dorado.
Golden Spar, aka Dorado, ya girma ta hanyoyi da yawa. Tare da ingantacciyar hanya, ana ajiye kifi kyauta a cikin wuraren waha da lagoons. Tare da hanyar noman kusan-rabi, an girka masu ciyar da abinci da manyan keɓaɓɓu a cikin ruwan bakin teku. Hanyoyi masu ƙarfi sun haɗa da gina tankunan ƙasa.
Waɗannan hanyoyin sun sha bamban sosai dangane da farashin gini, kiyaye kifi. Amma farashin samarwa, a ƙarshe, ya zama mai daidaitawa. Amfani da takamaiman hanyar samarwa ya dogara da yanayin gida da al'adun gargajiya. A Girka, alal misali, hanyar da ta inganta ta dogara ne akan kiyaye dorado kyauta.
Babbar hanyar kama dorado tana kusa da kamun kifi na gargajiya. An kafa tarko akan hanyoyin ƙaura na kifi. Ma'auratan zinare matasa ne kawai aka cire masana'antu, waɗanda aka saki su da yawa cikin teku. Hanyar tana buƙatar ƙananan farashin kayan aiki, amma sakamakon kamun kifin ba koyaushe ake hangowa ba.
A cikin lagoons don namo mai yawa, ba kawai yara dorado ba, har ma da harbe na mullet, bahar teku, da eel yawanci ana sakin su. Golden Spar ya girma zuwa girman kasuwancin sa na farko na 350 g cikin watanni 20. Kusan 20-30% na kifin da aka saki suna bin matsayin rayuwarsu suna farawa duk wannan lokacin.
Dorado samarwa a cikin abun ciki kyauta ya kai kilo 30-150 a kowace kadada a kowace shekara ko 0.0025 kg a kowace cubic mita. mita. A lokaci guda, ba a ciyar da kifin da ƙirar ɗan adam, ana kashe kuɗi ne kawai don soya soya. Ana amfani da hanya mai yawa sau da yawa tare da haɗin dorado na dorado da sauran hanyoyin ƙwarewa.
Tare da ingantacciyar hanyar kiwo ta dorado, kulawar mutane akan yawan jama'a ya fi girma tare da kiyayewa kyauta. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka don renon yara zuwa tsohuwar jihar don rage asara da rage lokacin zuwa isa girman kasuwa.
Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don adana kifi a cikin manyan keɓaɓɓu a bakin teku. A wannan yanayin, ana ciyar da kifin, kuma, wani lokacin, ana ba da wuraren kiyaye kifin oxygen. Ta wannan hanyar, ana samun kusan kilogiram 1 na kifin da ake siyarwa daga mita mai siffar sukari mita ɗaya. Jimlar yawan aiki shine kilogiram 500-2500 a kowace kadada a shekara.
Hanyar namo mai ƙarfi don Dorado ta ƙunshi matakai da yawa. Da farko, ana samun soya daga caviar. A cikin wuraren waha tare da zafin jiki na 18-26 ° C da ƙimar kifi na 15-45 kilogiram a kowace mita mai siffar sukari. mita shine farkon ciyarwa. Mataki na farko ya ƙare lokacin da dorado matasa ya kai nauyin 5 g.
Don ci gaba da kulawa, ana canza nau'i-nau'i na zinariya zuwa wurare masu yawa na tsare. Waɗannan na iya zama tushen ƙasa, wuraren waha na cikin gida ko tankokin ruwa masu iyo a cikin tsibirin bakin teku, ko kuma tsarin keji da aka girka a cikin teku.
Dorado yana jure rayuwa mai kyau sosai, saboda haka yawan kifin a cikin waɗannan wuraren ruwan yayi yawa. Babban abu shine akwai wadataccen abinci da iskar oxygen. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, dorado yana girma har zuwa 350-400 g a kowace shekara.
Duk hanyoyin kiwo don Dorado suna da fa'idodi da cutarwa. Manoman da suka fi ci gaba suna amfani da babbar hanyar ciyar da kifi a cikin keji keji. A wannan yanayin, ba a buƙatar farashi don motsa jiki, tsaftacewa da yin famfo na ruwa. Kodayake yawan kifin a cikin keji ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da cikin ɗakunan cikin gida.
Rabon aiki tsakanin gonakin kifi ya faru ne ta dabi'a. Wasu sun fara kwarewa a harkar samar da yara, wasu kuma a harkar noman zinare zuwa kasuwa, jihar kasuwanci, ma'ana, har zuwa nauyin 400 g. Dorado na iya girma sosai - har zuwa 10 ko ma kilogiram 15, amma babban kifi yana cikin ƙarancin buƙata, ana ɗaukar namansa ƙasa da dadi.
Ba a ciyar da Dorado ba har tsawon awanni 24 kafin a aiko shi don siyarwa. Kifin da ke jin yunwa ya fi dacewa da jigilar kaya kuma ya daɗe da bayyanar da sabon yanayin. A mataki na kamun kifi, ana rarrabe kifin: an cire samfuran da suka lalace kuma marasa rai. Hanyoyin kama kamun kifi sun dogara da hanyar kiyayewa. Mafi yawanci ana tara kifi ne da raga ko kamanni ɗaya na kama.
Kudaden noman roba na Dorado suna da yawa. Kowane mutum ya kashe aƙalla Euro 1. Bai fi farashin farashi na kifin da aka kama ta ɗabi'a ba, amma ta masu siye mafi girma sun nakalto shi. Sabili da haka, wasu lokuta ana gabatar da dorado kamar yadda ake kama shi a cikin teku.
Gina Jiki
Ana samun Dorado a yankunan da ke da ƙananan ƙananan ɓawon burodi, molluscs. Su ne babban abincin wannan kifin mai cin nama. Saitin haƙoran, waɗanda ke ƙunshe da canines da molar masu ƙarfi, suna ba ku damar kame ganima da kuma murƙushe bawon shrimp, ƙananan ɓawon burodi da mussel.
Dorado ya ci ƙananan kifi, ƙananan invertebrates. Ana tattara kwari daga saman ruwa, ana tsince ƙwai tsakanin algae, kuma basa ƙin algae da kansu. Don kiwo na kifi na wucin gadi, ana amfani da abinci mai narkewa. Ana yin su ne akan waken soya, naman kifi, sharar samar da nama.
Kifin ba shi da zaɓi sosai game da abinci, amma gourmets yana jin daɗin sa kuma yana da kayan alatu. Dorado ana yin jita-jita a cikin abincin Bahar Rum. Godiya ga abun da ke ciki dadi Dorado ba wai kawai abincin abinci ba har ma da magani.
100 g na zinare (dorado) ya ƙunshi 94 kcal, 18 g na furotin, 3.2 g na mai kuma ba gram na carbohydrates. Kamar yawancin abinci da aka haɗa a cikin abincin Bahar Rum, Dorado yana rage matakan cholesterol na jini, yana ƙaruwa da juyawar jijiyoyin, wato, Dorado yana tsayayya da atherosclerosis.
Ana nuna yin amfani da jita-jita daga wannan kifin idan ya cancanta don rage nauyi. Adadin adadi mai yawa, ban da motsa kuzarin zuciya da rage matsi, yana kunna kwakwalwa, inganta ƙwaƙwalwa, da haɓaka hankali.
Iodine wani ɓangare ne na yawancin abincin teku; akwai kuma mai yawa a cikin dorado. Glandar thyroid, tsarin garkuwar jiki gabaɗaya, metabolism, haɗin gwiwa da sauran sassan jiki sun karɓi wannan ɓangaren tare da godiya.
Wani lokaci ba'a buƙatar fasaha ta musamman don dafa jita-jita daga zinare na zinare. Ya isa a dauka fillet na dorado kuma gasa shi a cikin tanda. Gourmets na iya ɗaukar lokaci don dafa kansu ko yin oda, alal misali, dorado a cikin ɓawon burodi na pistachio ko dorado dorado a cikin ruwan inabi, ko dorado tare da miya na hollandaise, da sauransu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Zinariyar zinariya (dorado) yayin rayuwarta tana sarrafa sauƙin canza jinsi. An haifi Dorado a matsayin namiji. Kuma yana jagorancin halaye irin na maza. A shekara 2 da haihuwa, maza suna sake haihuwa zuwa mata. Gonad wanda yake aiki kamar yadda kwayoyin halittar suka zama kwayayen kwai.
Samun jinsuna biyu ba bakon abu bane a dabbobi da tsirrai. Duk kifin mallakar dangin guda biyu suna dauke da wannan dabarar kiwo. Daga cikinsu akwai nau'ikan jinsuna wadanda a lokaci guda suke da halaye na jinsi biyu.
Akwai wadanda ke yawan haifar da wasu halaye na jima'i. Dorado, saboda farkon rayuwar namiji da ci gaban mace, masu bin dichogamy ne kamar protandria.
A cikin kaka, daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba, matan Dorado suna yin ƙwai 20,000 zuwa 80,000. Dorado caviar karami sosai, bai fi diamita 1 mm ba. Ci gaban girma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo - kimanin kwanaki 50 a zafin jiki na 17-18 ° C. Sannan akwai sakin soya mai yawa, galibinsu masu cin abincin teku ke cin ta.
A cikin kiwo na wucin gadi, an dauki kayan kiwo na asali kai tsaye daga yanayi. A halin da ake ciki yanzu, kowace babbar gonar kifi tana kula da garkenta - tushen ƙwai da soya.
Ana kiyaye garken biyun daban; a farkon lokacin kiwo, an tura kirar Dorado zuwa tankunan da ke taɓarɓarewa. Tsayawa daidai gwargwado na maza da mata abu ne mai matukar wahala saboda halin kifi na canza jima'i.
Ana kawo kifin zuwa lokacin ɓatancin ta hanyar haɓaka haske da kuma kiyaye yanayin zafin da ake buƙata. Tsarin gyaran jiki ya auku a cikin kifi, kamar dai sun kusanci lokacin haifuwa.
Akwai tsarin kulawa guda biyu don dorado soya: a cikin ƙananan tankuna da manya. Lokacin da ake samar da soya a cikin kananan tankuna, toshe ƙyan 150-200 a cikin lita 1 na ruwa saboda cikakken iko akan ƙimar ruwa.
Lokacin da ake kyankyashe soya a cikin manyan wuraren waha, ba a ƙona soya 10 a cikin lita 1 na ruwa ba. Yawan aiki na wannan tsarin yayi ƙasa, amma aikin yana kusa da na ɗabi'a, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka haifa mafi ƙarancin yara Dorado.
Bayan kwanaki 3-4 da kwanukan gwaiduwa na nau'i-nau'i na zinariya sun ragu. An soya soya don abinci. Rotifers yawanci ana ba da sabon Dorado. Bayan kwanaki 10-11, an kara Artemia zuwa ga manyan masarufi.
Kafin ciyar da kayan ɓawon burodi an wadatar da su da sinadarin lipid, acid mai ƙwari, bitamin. Bugu da kari, ana kara microalgae a wuraren waha inda soyayyen ya tsaya. Wannan yana haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi don ci gaban yara. Lokacin da kuka isa nauyin 5-10 g, abincin mai gina jiki mai ƙare ya ƙare.
Dorado soya bar gandun daji yana da shekaru 45. An canza su zuwa wani tafkin, an canza su zuwa tsarin wutar daban. Ciyarwa tana kasancewa da yawa, amma abincin yana motsawa zuwa masana'antar, nau'in sihiri. Dorado ya fara samun yanayin kasuwa.
Farashi
Golden Spar a al'adance kifi ne mai dadi. Kamawa da aka saba da raga da kuma trawls suna da tsada sosai saboda halin Dorado na rayuwa kai tsaye ko zama cikin ƙaramin garken. Kiwo na wucin gadi ya sa kifin ya zama mai araha. Hakikanin faduwar farashin ya fara ne kawai a cikin karni na 21, tare da fitowar manyan gonakin kifi.
Dorado za'a iya siyan shi akan kasuwar Turai akan euro 5.5 akan kilogram. A Rasha, farashin zinare na zinare suna kusa da na Turai. Retail farashin dorado jeri daga 450 zuwa 600 har ma da 700 rubles a kowace kilogram.
