Ana amfani da nau'ikan saka idanu daban-daban don kimanta yanayin. Wannan yana ba da damar ƙayyade ingancin ba mahalli ɗaya kawai na halittu, har ma da mahalli gabaɗaya, watau mahalli. Saboda wannan, ana bincikar yanayin kwasfa daban-daban na duniya dangane da canje-canje a cikin tsarin tafiyar da rayuwa tsakanin mutane da yanayi, haifuwar rayuwa a doron ƙasa da tsabtace muhalli daga kowane irin gurɓatawa. Duk wannan ana aiwatar da ita a cikin tsarin kewayon halitta.
Halayen al'ada na yanayin ɗabi'a
Don bincika yanayin muhalli, ya zama dole a samar da wasu ƙa'idodin ƙimar doka da fasaha, ƙa'idodin ilimin kimiyya, waɗanda a kan su ne aka kafa wasu alamomin da aka yarda da su, waɗanda mutane ke yin tasiri a kansu da yanayin muhalli gaba ɗaya. Don waɗannan ƙa'idodin, an sanya waɗannan buƙatu a cikin Tarayyar Rasha:
- kiyaye asusu;
- amincin yanayi ga mutane;
- amfani da albarkatun kasa bisa hankali;
- ayyukan ɗan adam a cikin tsarin kiyaye lafiyar muhalli.
Duk waɗannan abubuwan da ake buƙata suna ba wa jama'a damar aiwatar da ayyukan tattalin arziki, da rage lalata da gurɓatar mahalli. A sakamakon haka, halaye na yau da kullun sune nau'in sulhu tsakanin mutane da yanayi. Ba su da cikakkiyar doka ta doka, amma dole ne a yi amfani da su kuma a bi su. Ana ba da ƙa'idodin fasaha da tattalin arziki don ingancin mahalli a cikin hanyar shawarwari, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su musamman a cibiyoyi daban-daban, ma'aikatu, a wuraren masana'antu, a cikin ƙungiyoyin kimiyya da na dakin gwaje-gwaje. A gare su, ƙimar ingancin mahalli wajibi ne.
Iri na halaye masu kyau na ɗabi'a
Duk matakan da ingancin mazaunin za a iya raba su zuwa rukuni masu zuwa:
- masana'antu da tattalin arziki - tsara ayyukan kamfanoni daban-daban domin rage tasirinsu ga muhalli;
- hadaddun - dole ne a kiyaye shi a duk matakan aikin jama'a;
- tsabtace jiki da tsabta - daidaita adadin halal na abubuwa masu haɗari masu shiga cikin yanayin rayuwa da matakin tasirin jiki.
Don haka, ana tsara ingancin muhalli da yanayin halittar duniya ta hanyar mizani na musamman. Duk da cewa ba su da mahimmancin karfi na doka, amma duk da haka ana buƙatar masu masana'antu da kungiyoyi su kiyaye su don hana tasirin tasirin ɗan adam game da yanayi.
