Yankin Arctic yana cikin kwarin Arctic Arctic. Dukan sararin samaniya ɓangare ne na bel na yankin Arctic kuma ana ɗaukarsa yanki mafi rashin jin daɗin rayuwa. Yankin hamada ya rufe da glaciers, tarkace da tarkace.
Yanayin hamada Arctic
Yanayin mummunan yanayi yana ba da gudummawa ga samuwar kankara da ƙyallen dusar ƙanƙara da ke ci gaba a cikin shekara. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a lokacin sanyi shine -30 digiri, matsakaici na iya kaiwa -60 digiri.
Saboda yanayin yanayi mai tsananin zafi, wasu dabbobi kalilan suna rayuwa a yankin hamadar Arctic, kuma kusan babu ciyayi. Wannan yanayin yanki yana da iska mai ƙarfi da guguwa. Ko da lokacin rani, yankuna masu hamada suna da haske kaɗan, kuma ƙasa ba ta da lokacin narkewa gaba ɗaya. A cikin lokacin "zafi", zazzabi ya tashi zuwa sifili darasi. Yawanci, hamada tana cikin gajimare kuma galibi ruwa ne da dusar ƙanƙara. Saboda tsananin danshin ruwa daga tekun, ana lura da samuwar fogs.
Hamada mai tsibiri tana dab da arewacin Pole na duniya kuma tana saman sama da digiri 75 arewa latitude. Yankin ta ya kai kilomita dubu 100². Farfajiyar ta mamaye wani yanki na yankin Greenland, da Pole ta Arewa, da wasu tsibirai inda mutane suke rayuwa da dabbobi. Duwatsu, wurare masu faɗi, kankara sune abubuwan da ke cikin hamada Arctic. Za su iya zama na siffofi da girma dabam-dabam, suna da tsarin fasali daban-daban.
Hamadar Arctic ta Rasha
Iyakar kudu ta hamada Arctic ta Rasha ta kusan. Wrangel, arewa - game. Franz Josef Land. Yankin ya hada da gefen arewacin Taimyr Peninsula, game da. Novaya Zemlya, Tsibirin Novosibirsk, tekuna da ke tsakanin yankunan ƙasa. Duk da tsananin yanayi a cikin wannan yanki, hoton da gaske yana da ban mamaki da kuma birgewa: manyan kankara sun shimfida, kuma saman dusar kankara ta rufe shi duk shekara. Sau da yawa a shekara yawan zafin iska ya tashi zuwa digiri 0- + 5. Hazo ya fadi a cikin yanayin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara, rime (ba fiye da 400 mm ba). Wannan yanki yana da halin iska mai ƙarfi, fogs, girgije.
Gabaɗaya, yankin yankin hamadar Arctic na Rasha ya kai dubu 56. Sakamakon motsawar kankara na kan tekun da kuma yawan wankansu da ruwa, ana kafa kankara. Rabon glaciers ya fara daga 29.6 zuwa 85.1%.
Tsire-tsire da dabbobin hamada
Kamar arctic tundra, hamada ana ɗauka wuri ne mai wahala don rayuwa. Koyaya, a yanayin farko, ya fi sauƙi dabbobi su rayu, tunda suna iya ciyarwa akan kyaututtukan tundra. A cikin hamada, yanayin ya fi tsananta kuma yana da matukar wahala a samu abinci. Duk da wannan, yankin yana lulluɓe da ciyayi mai buɗe, wanda ke mamaye rabin duk hamada. Babu bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi, amma ana iya samun ƙananan yankuna tare da lichen, gansakuka, algae da ke kan ƙasa mai duwatsu. Ciyawa da ciyawa suna wakiltar ciyawar ganye. A cikin hamadar Arctic, zaka iya samun crumbs, polar poppy, starfish, pike, buttercup, Mint, alpine foxtail, saxifrage da sauran nau'ikan.
Polar poppy
Starworm
Buttercup
Mint
Foxtail mai tsayi
Saxifrage
Ganin tsibiri na shuke-shuke yana ba da kwatancen zango mai zurfi a cikin kankara mai ƙarewa da dusar ƙanƙara. Soilasa ta daskarewa kuma sirara (ta kasance kamar wannan kusan duk shekara). Permafrost yana yin hanyar zuwa zurfin 600-1000 m kuma yana sanya wahalar magudana ruwa. A lokacin dumi, tabkuna na narkewar ruwa sun bayyana a yankin hamada. Babu kusan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, ya ƙunshi yashi mai yawa.
Gabaɗaya, babu fiye da nau'ikan shuke-shuke sama da 350. A kudancin hamada, zaka iya samun shrub na polar willow da dryads.
Saboda karancin phytomass, dabbobin da ke cikin yankin kankara suna da ƙaranci. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye 16 ne kawai ke rayuwa anan, daga cikinsu akwai luriks, guillemots, fulmars, glaucous gulls, kittiwakes, guillemots, owls snows da sauransu. Dabbobin ƙasa sun haɗa da kerkeci masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, barewar New Zealand, shanun miski, lemmings da Foxes. Pinnipeds suna wakiltar walruses da hatimi.
Lyurik
Ursalla
Wauta kai
Seagull Burgomaster
Guillemot
Mujiya na iyakacin duniya
Hamada tana dauke da kusan nau'in dabbobi 120, daga cikinsu akwai kunkuru, kerkeci, kurege, whales, da wutan Arctic. Duk wakilan duniyar dabba suna dacewa da yanayin yanayi mai wahala kuma suna iya rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Dabbobi suna da sutura mai kauri da mai kauri, wanda ke taimakawa tsira daga sanyi.
Polar Bears ana ɗaukarsu manyan mazaunan hamadar Arctic.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasa da ruwa. Bears suna yin kiwo a arewacin gabar Cape Zhelaniy, Chukotka, game da. Francis Joseph Land. Wuraren tsibirin Wrangel yana cikin yankunan karkara, tare da kusan rami 400 don dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan yanki ana kiransa "asibitin haihuwa" don beyar marainiya.
Kifin yana wakiltar kifi, yawo, kifi da kifi. Kwari kamar sauro, ciyawa, kwari, kudaje, matsakaitan matsakaitan dabbobi da ke cin karensu ba babbaka suna zaune a cikin hamada.
Kifi
Fama
Kifi
Cod
Albarkatun kasa na hamada arctic
Duk da yanayin rayuwa mara kyau, hamadar Arctic tana da kyau sosai don hakar ma'adinai. Babban albarkatun kasa sune mai da gas. Kari akan haka, a wuraren da dusar kankara ta lullube zaka iya samun ruwa mai dadi, kama kifaye masu daraja da sauran ma'adanai. Nau'in na musamman, wanda ba a gurɓata shi ba, mai daukar hankalin kankara ya jawo dubban masu yawon buɗe ido tare da ƙarin fa'idodin tattalin arziki.
Yankunan Arctic suma suna da ajiya na jan ƙarfe, nickel, mercury, tin, tungsten, platinoids da abubuwa masu ƙarancin ƙasa. A cikin hamada, zaku iya samun albarkatun karafa masu daraja (azurfa da zinariya).
Bambance-bambancen halittu na wannan yankin sun dogara sosai ga mutane. Cin zarafin mazaunin dabbobi, ko ɗan canji a cikin murfin ƙasa na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako. A yau ita ce Arctic wanda shine ɗayan tushen tushen ruwa mai kyau, tunda yana ƙunshe da kashi 20% na dukiyar duniya.
