A cewar bayanan hukuma, an sawa dokin Przewalski sunan mai binciken Rasha wanda ya bayyana shi a tsakiyar karni na 19. Bayan haka, ya zama cewa a hakika an gano shi kuma an bayyana shi a baya, a cikin karni na 15, da marubucin Bajamushe Johann Schiltberger, wanda ya gano kuma ya bayyana wannan dokin a cikin littafinsa yayin tafiya a kusa da Mongolia, a matsayin fursunan Mongol khan mai suna Egei. Bisa dukkan alamu, tuni a wancan lokacin Mongoliya sun saba da wannan dabba sosai, tunda suna kiranta "takhki". Koyaya, wannan sunan bai samu asali ba, kuma an sanya mata sunan Kanar Nikolai Przhevalsky.
Tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, ba a sake samun waɗannan dawakai a cikin matattakan daji na Mongolia da China ba, amma an shayar da su kuma an tsare su a cikin bauta. Kwanan nan, masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu suna ta ƙoƙarin dawo da su wuraren da suke.
Girma da bayyana
Dawakan Przewalski suna da karamin jiki idan aka kwatanta da danginsu na gida. Koyaya, yana da muscular da kaya. Suna da babban kai, wuya mai kauri da gajerun kafafu. Tsayin a bushe yakai kimanin cm 130. Tsawon jiki shine cm 230. Matsakaicin nauyi kusan 250k.
Dawakan suna da launi mai kyau sosai na wasa. Yanayi ya zana ciki a cikin launuka masu launin rawaya-launin fari, kuma launin kumburi ya canza daga launin fata zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Mane yana madaidaiciya kuma yana da duhu, wanda yake kan kai da wuya. An wutsiya wutsiya baƙar fata, bakin bakin haske. Akwai ratsi a gwiwoyi, wanda ke basu kwatankwacin kamannin zebra.
Wurin zama na asali
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, an sami dawakan Przewalski a cikin tsaunukan Mongolia na Gobi. Wannan jejin ya banbanta da Sahara ta yadda karamin yanki ne kawai yake da hamada mai yashi. Yakan bushe sosai, amma yankin yana da maɓuɓɓugai, raƙuman ruwa, gandun daji da manyan duwatsu, da dabbobi da yawa. Matakan Mongoliya suna wakiltar yankin kiwo mafi girma a duniya. Mongolia kasa ce da ke da girman Alaska. Wannan shi ne matsananci, saboda yanayin bazara zai iya yin sama zuwa + 40 ° C kuma yanayin hunturu na iya sauka zuwa -28 ° C.
A hankali, mutane sun lalata ko dabbobin gida, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙarewarsu a cikin daji. A yau, ana kiran dawakai "daji" waɗanda suke cikin faɗin Australiya ko Arewacin Amurka, waɗanda suka sami damar tserewa daga mutane kuma suka koma ga asalin garinsu.
Gina Jiki da tsarin zamantakewa
A cikin daji, dawakan Przewalski suna kiwo a kan ciyawa kuma suna barin daji. Kamar jakuna da jakuna, waɗannan dabbobin suna buƙatar cinye ruwa mai yawa da abinci mai kazanta.
A gidajen zoo, suna cin ciyawa, kayan lambu da ciyawa. Hakanan, duk lokacin da zai yiwu, suna ƙoƙarin kiwo su a makiyaya na wasu awowi a rana.
A wajen gidan ajiye namun daji, dabbobi na tururuwa cikin garken shanu. Ba su da rikici. Garken yana kunshe da mata da yawa, zuriya da manyan maza. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa samari dawakai suna rayuwa cikin daban, kungiyoyin bachelor.
Mata suna haihuwar watanni 11-12. A cikin kamewa, galibi ana lura da al'amuran rashin haihuwa, wanda kimiyya ba ta binciko dalilinsa ba. Sabili da haka, lambar su ta kasance a ƙananan matakin, kuma ƙaruwar ba ta da mahimmanci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa daga tarihi
Dokin Przewalski ya zama sananne ga kimiyyar yamma ne kawai a cikin 1881, lokacin da Przewalski ya bayyana shi. Zuwa 1900, wani ɗan kasuwa Bajamushe mai suna Karl Hagenberg, wanda ya ba da dabbobin baƙunci zuwa gidan zoo a duk Turai, ya sami nasarar kama mafi yawansu. A lokacin mutuwar Hagenberg, wanda ya faru a cikin 1913, yawancin dawakai suna cikin fursuna. Amma ba duk laifin ne ya fadi a kafaɗunsa ba. A wancan lokacin, yawan dabbobi sun sha wahala a hannun mafarauta, asarar muhalli da kuma wasu yanayi masu tsananin wahala a tsakiyar 1900s. Soldiersaya daga cikin garkunan da ke zaune a cikin Yukren a cikin Askania Nova sojojin Jamus sun kashe shi yayin mamayar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. A cikin 1945, mutane 31 ne kawai a cikin gidan zoo biyu - Munich da Prague. A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, dawakai 12 ne kawai suka rage.
