Yanayin yana kasancewa azaman tsarin mulkin yau da kullun a cikin yankin. Ya dogara da hulɗar da abubuwa daban-daban: tasirin rediyo na rana, yawo a iska, latitudes na ƙasa, da mahalli. Saukakawa, kusancin teku da tekuna, da kuma iskar da ke mamaye suma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Wadannan nau'ikan yanayi sun bambanta: kwatar kwata-kwata, na wurare masu zafi, Bahar Rum, matsakaiciyar karkara, Antarctic. Kuma mafi rashin tabbas da ban sha'awa shine yanayin damina.
Yanayin yanayin damina
Irin wannan yanayin yanayi ne na waɗancan sassan duniyar duniyar inda yanayin damina na sararin samaniya yake, wato, ya danganta da lokacin shekara, alkiblar iska tana canzawa a waɗannan yankuna. Monsoon iska ce da ke tashi daga teku a lokacin bazara da kuma daga ƙasa a lokacin sanyi. Irin wannan iska na iya kawo duka mummunan zafi, sanyi da fari, da ruwan sama mai karfi da hadari.
Babban fasalin yanayin damina shine cewa yawan ruwan sama a yankunanta yana canzawa sosai cikin shekara. Idan a lokacin rani rani da tsawa suna yawaita, to a lokacin hunturu kusan babu hazo. A sakamakon haka, zafin iska yana da yawa sosai a lokacin rani kuma ƙasa da lokacin sanyi. Canjin yanayi mai kaifi ya bambanta wannan yanayin daga duk wasu, inda ake rarraba ruwan sama sama ko ƙasa a ko'ina cikin shekara.
Sau da yawa, yanayin damina yana kasancewa ne kawai a latitude na wurare masu zafi, subtropics, yankin subequatorial kuma kusan baya faruwa a sararin samaniya masu yanayi da kuma mahaɗan mahaɗan.
Iri yanayin damina
Ta nau'ikan, ana rarraba yanayin damina bisa yanayin ƙasa da latitude. Raba:
- yanayin damina na yankuna masu zafi;
- yanayin damina mai yanayin zafi mai zafi;
- yanayin damina na yankunan yammacin wurare masu zafi;
- da yanayin damina na gabar tekun gabas mai zafi;
- yanayin damina mai tuddai;
- yanayin damina mai tsafta.
Fasali na nau'ikan yanayin damina
- Yanayin yanayin damina mai yanayin yanayi yana da yanayi mai kaifi zuwa lokacin hunturu mara damuna da kuma lokacin bazara mai ruwa. Mafi yawan zafin jiki a nan ya faɗi ne a cikin watannin bazara, kuma mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin hunturu. Wannan yanayin yana da kyau ga Chadi da Sudan. Daga rabin rabin kaka zuwa ƙarshen bazara, kusan babu ruwan sama, sama ba girgije, yanayin zafin ya hau zuwa digiri 32 a ma'aunin Celsius. A lokacin rani, watanni masu ruwa, yawan zafin jiki, akasin haka, ya sauka zuwa digiri 24-25 Celsius.
- Yanayin yanayin ruwa mai yawan gaske a tsibirin Marshall. A nan ma, ya danganta da yanayi, alkiblar igiyar iska tana canzawa, wanda ke kawo hazo tare da su ko rashi. Yanayin iska a lokacin bazara da lokacin hunturu yana canzawa ne kawai ta hanyar digiri 2-3 da matsakaita 25-28 digiri Celsius.
- Yanayin damina na gabar yamma na halayyar halayyar Indiya ce. Adadin yawan ruwan sama lokacin damina yafi bayyana anan. A lokacin rani, kimanin kashi 85% na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na iya faɗi, kuma a lokacin sanyi, kashi 8% ne kawai. Yanayin iska a watan Mayu ya kai kimanin digiri 36, kuma a Disamba 20 ne kawai.
- Yanayin damina na gabar gabas mai zafi yana da yanayin lokacin mafi damuna. Kusan kashi 97% na lokacin anan ya faɗi ne a lokacin damina kuma kashi 3% ne kawai akan bushe. Matsakaicin zafin iska a cikin lokacin bushe digiri 29 ne, mafi ƙaranci a ƙarshen watan Agusta digiri 26 ne. Wannan yanayin yana dacewa da Vietnam.
- Yanayin damina na tsaunukan wurare masu zafi halayyar tsaunuka ne, da ake samu a ƙasar Peru da Bolivia. Kamar yadda yake da sauran nau'ikan yanayi, ya saba da canzawar lokacin rani da damina. Wani fasali mai rarrabewa shine zafin jikin iska, bai wuce digiri na 15-17 a ma'aunin Celsius ba.
- Ana samun yanayin damina na sararin samaniya mai zafi a Gabas mai nisa, arewa maso gabashin China, a arewacin Japan. Samuwar samuwar ta shine: a lokacin hunturu, Asiya - anticyclone, a lokacin bazara - yawan iska a teku. Mafi tsananin danshi, zafin jiki da ruwan sama suna faruwa a lokacin watanni masu dumi.
damuna a Indiya
Yanayin Monsoon na yankuna Rasha
A cikin Rasha, yanayin damina yana dacewa da yankuna na Gabas ta Tsakiya. An bayyana shi da sauyi mai kaifi zuwa ga iska a yanayi daban-daban, saboda yawan adadin hazo da yake sauka a lokuta daban-daban na shekara yana sauyawa sosai. A lokacin hunturu, yanayin iska mai yawan gaske anan yakan busa daga nahiyar zuwa teku, don haka sanyi a nan ya kai -20-27 digiri, babu hazo, ana samun sanyi da yanayi mai kyau.
A watannin bazara, iska takan canza hanya kuma ta busa daga Tekun Pacific zuwa babban yankin. Irin waɗannan iskoki suna kawo gizagizai na ruwan sama, kuma a lokacin bazara, matsakaita 800 mm na hazo yana faɗuwa. Yanayin zafin jiki a wannan lokacin ya tashi zuwa + 10-20 ° C.
A cikin Kamchatka da kuma a arewacin Tekun Okhotsk, yanayin damina na yankunan gabacin duniya masu zafi; ya yi daidai da na Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma ya fi sanyi.
Daga Sochi zuwa Novorossiysk yanayin damina shine yanayin yanki na ƙasa. A nan, har ma a lokacin sanyi, ginshiƙan yanayin da wuya ya sauka ƙasa da sifili. An rarraba ruwan sama a ko'ina cikin shekara kuma yana iya zuwa 1000 mm a kowace shekara.
Tasirin yanayin damina akan ci gaban yankuna a cikin Rasha
Yanayin damina yana shafar dukkan rayuwar jama'ar yankunan da take ciki, da bunkasar tattalin arziki, ayyukan tattalin arzikin kasa baki daya. Don haka, saboda yanayin yanayi mara kyau, yawancin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Siberia ba a riga an haɓaka su ba. Mafi yawan masana'antun da ke wurin akwai ma'adinai.
