Ayyukan ɗan adam yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da aukuwar ɗimbin shara, waɗanda suka haɗa da abinci da kuma sharar masana'antu. Dole ne a kula da yawancin sharar gida yadda yakamata don kiyaye mummunan lahani ga yanayin halittu. Lokacin watsewar wasu abubuwa na iya wuce shekaru 100. Sharar datti da zubar da ita matsala ce ta duniya ga dukkan jama'ar duniya. Haɗuwa da adadi mai yawa na kayan sharar mummunan tasiri ga wanzuwar ƙwayoyin halitta.
Ba a ƙirƙira maganin matsalar sake amfani da 100% ba tukuna. Sauya jakunkunan mayukan mai da jakunkunan takardu, wadanda suke narkewa yayin hulda da danshi, an kirkiresu, kuma an kirkira wasu kwantena na gilashi, takaddun takardu da robobi don sake amfani, amma wannan kawai yana magance matsalar sharar ne kawai.
Sharar da za'a iya sake hadawa ta hada da:
- takardar shara;
- kayayyakin gilashi;
- tasoshin aluminum;
- kayan masaku da tsofaffin tufafi;
- roba da ire-irenta.
Ana iya sarrafa sharar abinci don takin zamani kuma a yi amfani da shi a cikin gidajen rani ko don noma mafi girma.
Vidasashe-ɗaiɗai su kafa sake amfani, wanda zai rage fitar da hayaki da kashi 60% kuma zai inganta yanayin mahalli aƙalla kaɗan. Abun takaici, har yanzu ba wata hanyar da aka kirkira don zubar da shara ba tare da ciwo ba, don kar ayi amfani da shara ko hayaki a sararin samaniya lokacin da ake fuskantar yanayi mai zafi.
Matsalar zubdawa da sake amfani dashi
Mafi yawanci, ana ƙona datti ko binne shi a cikin wuraren binnewa na musamman. Wannan yana gurɓatar da yanayi da ruwan ƙasa, ana iya ƙirƙirar methane, wanda ke haifar da bazuwar ƙona datti a cikin buyayyar wurare.
A cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da babban tushe na fasaha, ana amfani da kwantena don rarraba sharar gida; an sami babban kuɗi a ƙasashe kamar Sweden, Netherlands, Japan da Belgium. A cikin Rasha da Ukraine, sarrafa sharar ta kasance a ƙananan matakin. Ba tare da ambaton kasashen da ke da karancin ci gaban al'adu ba, inda ba a magance matsalar shara ta kowace hanya kuma ita ce sanadin mafi yawan cututtuka.
Hanyoyin asali na zubar da sharar gida
Ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don kawar da sharar, wanda zai dogara da nau'ikan da ire-iren ɓarnar, ƙararta.
Mafi amfani dasu sune hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- binne shara a wurare na musamman. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar zubar da shara mafi yawanci. Ana kwashe shara zuwa wuraren shara na musamman. Inda rarrabawa da ƙarin zubar dashi ke faruwa. Amma datti yana da dukiya na tarin hanzari, kuma yankin don irin wannan shara ba iyaka. Wannan nau'in sarrafa shara ba shi da tasiri sosai kuma baya magance matsalar baki daya kuma yana iya haifar da gurbataccen ruwan karkashin kasa;
- takin zamani, shi ne bazuwar sharar halittu, hanya ce mai matukar amfani da amfani, tana inganta kasa, tana wadatar da abubuwa masu amfani. A cikin Rasha, ba ta yadu ba, duk da yawancin halaye masu kyau;
- sake amfani da shara ta hanyar amfani da yanayin zafi mai yawa, wannan hanyar ana daukarta mafi alkawura, tana inganta samuwar kayan sake-sakewa tare da zubar dasu mai zuwa. Wannan hanya tana buƙatar babban saka hannun jari kuma baya kare muhalli daga fitowar kayayyakin ƙonewa cikin yanayi;
- sarrafa jini yana nufin hanyar zamani mafi kyau wacce zata baka damar samun gas daga kayayyakin sarrafawa.
Ana amfani da dukkan hanyoyi a cikin duniya zuwa ƙarami ko mafi girma. Duk ƙasashe suna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari don gurɓata mahalli kaɗan-kaɗan tare da kayan sharar ɗan adam.
Matakin zubar da shara a cikin Rasha
A Rasha, matsalar sake amfani da shara tana da tsauri, a kowace shekara takan zubar da shara ta kai wani matakin da ba a taba gani ba, ana tura wani sashi na shara zuwa masana'antu na musamman, inda ake jera su a sake sarrafa su. Ta wannan hanyar, kadan daga cikin sharar ne ake zubarwa, a cewar kididdiga, kimanin kilogram 400 na shara na kowane mutum ya fada kan mutum daya a shekara. A cikin Rasha, ana amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu: zubar da shara zuwa kwandon shara da haɗuwa tare da ƙarin binnewa a wuraren binnewa.
Dole ne a warware matsalar amfani da albarkatun kasa da wuri-wuri, kuma dole ne a samar da hanyoyin da za a bi wajen sarrafawa da zubar da shara. Lokacin rarrabawa da sake amfani da shara, zasu taimaka don kawar da kashi 50-60% na sharar shekara-shekara.
Girman yawan wuraren zubar da shara da wuraren binne mutane kowace shekara yana yin mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar ƙasa da mahalli. Wanne yana taimakawa wajen karuwar adadin cututtuka da kuma tabarbarewar rigakafi. Yakamata gwamnati ta damu da makomar 'ya'yanta da jama'arta.
Hanyoyin magance matsalar
Babban abin da ke kawo cikas ga kirkire-kirkire a tattare da shara shine tunanin jama'ar gari. Yin zabe da gwaji tare da gabatarwar rarraba sharar sun gaza tare da rushewa. Wajibi ne a canza tsarin tarbiyyar yara masu tasowa, don gabatar da zababbu na musamman a makarantu da wuraren renon yara. Don haka yaro, yayin da ya girma, ya fahimci cewa yana da alhaki ba kawai ga kansa ba, har ma ga mutanen da ke kewaye da shi da kuma yanayi.
Wata hanyar tasiri ita ce gabatar da tsarin tara, mutum ba ya son rabuwa da kudadensa, don haka jihar na iya karbar wani bangare don kirkirar. Kuna buƙatar fara ƙarami, sake tsara ra'ayoyin jama'a da gabatar da rarrabuwa don sake sarrafawa.
