Masu cutar daji suna haɗuwa da suna na gama gari jackal, wanda asalinsa na Latin yake da alaƙa da tsohuwar ma'anar Roman ta "kerk wn zinariya". Bayanan tarihi suna nuna yaduwarsa a cikin ƙasashen Turai, Asiya, Afirka. Nazarin dabba mai shayarwa ya bayyana halaye masu ban sha'awa na mai farauta, hanyar rayuwa.
Bayani da fasali
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran wakilan gidan canid, jackals ƙananan dabbobi ne, ƙanana da kerkeci. Tsawon jikin ya kai kimanin 80-130 cm, wutsiya kuwa 25-30 cm, tsayin mai farauta ya kai 40-45 cm.Halin jakin na kowa shine kilo 8-12.
Tsarin yana kama da kerkeci - jiki mai kauri tare da siririn kafafu. Jackal a cikin hoton koyaushe tare da jela mai wutsiya, wanda girmansa ya kai kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsawon jiki. Wutsiya mai kauri da furci ya rataye kusan ƙasa sosai.
Headananan kai mai siffa. An nuna bakin dabbar. Kunnuwa a tsaye suke. Ji a cikin dabbobi ya bunkasa sosai, yana taimakawa gano ƙananan beraye a cikin ciyawa mai yawa. Kaifin kaifin hakora an daidaita shi don ta cikin fata mai kauri. Idanu tare da irises mai ruwan kasa.
Dogayen kafafu, na gaba da na baya, na kusan tsawon su. Kamar sauran wakilan canine, jackal - dabba yatsan hannu. Paafafun gaban masu cin nama suna da yatsu biyar, ƙafafun baya suna da huɗu. Fuskokin gajeru ne.
Gashi dabba mara nauyi, mai tauri. Launi mai canzawa ne, ya bambanta sosai dangane da mazaunin. Sautunan rawaya-ja sun yi nasara, suna juyawa zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Baya da gefuna suna da duhu zuwa baƙi, kamar yadda ƙarshen wutsiya yake. Makogwaro, ciki, kafafu na inuwar haske. Babu bambancin jinsi a launi. Jawo rani ya zama ya fi guntu da damuwa fiye da furcin hunturu.
Dodan dawa mai kuwwa ne, mai kuwwa. Mai farauta yana fitar da kuka mai ƙarfi a farkon farautar, yana kama da kukan yaro a cikin sautunan murya. Jakar karewa tare da screech, duk membobin garken. Ana jin ihu don amsawa ga babbar kara - kararrakin mota, kararrawa.
Ana jin sautin dabbobin a duk lokacin da suka motsa. An lura cewa suna ihu da ƙarfi a cikin yanayi mai kyau, musamman da daddare, kuma suna sauka a cikin mummunan yanayi. Hanyoyin bincike na zamani suna ba da damar tantance adadin dabbobi a cikin garken ta hanyar kira.
Jakar Jaki dabbobi ne marasa nutsuwa ba tare da wani yanayi na ƙaura ba. Zasu iya matsawa kilomita 50-100 nesa da mazauninsu na dindindin don neman filayen kiwo. Wanda ya yi rikodin shi ne jackal na maza wanda ya tafi kilomita 1250 daga burrow dindindin. Musamman ma sau da yawa masu farauta suna bayyana a yankunan yawan mutuwar shanu don ciyar da ragowar.
A cikin birane da garuruwa dabba ce "datti". Yanayin abinci yana da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa diloli na jigilar kamuwa da cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, ciki har da annoba mai haɗari, da kumburi.
Jakaru ba sa jin tsoron mutane, suna iya zama mita 20-30 a kusa. Goma suna fama da garken tumaki, inda dabba ke cin abinci a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi. Yana cizon komai, yana zabar kankana da kankana cikakke. Mai farauta ya lalata dabbobin tsuntsaye masu mahimmanci, a cikin gonakin farauta - akan nutria, muskrat. Don lalacewar da ta haifar, diloli marasa haƙuri sun harba ko kafa tarko.
Ba abu ne mai sauki ba yaki da dodo, ya fi kerkeci ko kerkewa wuya. Dabbar tana da wayo, koda gogaggen maharbi ba koyaushe zai iya jurewa da ita ba. Ba ya faɗa cikin tarko mai sauƙi, yana aikatawa ta hanyoyin yaudara, yana barin masu koyo da komai. A lokacin hunturu, ya fi son yankuna inda dusar ƙanƙara ba ta faɗuwa, don kar a bar alamun.
Jackal din bai dace da samar da kasuwanci ba, ana amfani da fatu a kananan yawa. Mummunan hoto na dabba mai halaye da yawa marasa kyau an ƙirƙira shi cikin al'ada. Abin sha'awa, jackal kakannin wasu jinsunan karnuka ne, kamar yadda 'yan Adam ke horas da shi.
Irin
Akwai nau'ikan jackal guda 4, masu kama da kamanni, amma jinsinsu ya bambanta.
Jakar (Asiya) ta kowa... Mahalli - a Arewacin Afirka, kudu maso gabashin Turai, Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya. Yaduwar halittar jinsin tana da nasaba da ra'ayin masana game da samuwar kananan halittu 20, amma dayawa sun karyata wannan hukuncin. Launi mai canzawa ne a kowane yanki na zama, amma kewayon launuka ya ƙunshi launuka masu launin ruwan kasa-da-kasa da launin ruwan kasa-ja. Kullun wutsiya koyaushe baki ne.
Yakin da aka tube. Ya sami sunan ne saboda fararen ratsi a tsakanin baƙaƙen fata a ɓangarorin jiki. Babban launi shine rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka. Baya baya da duhu fiye da babban sautin. Ba kamar sauran nau'in ba, yana da farin jelar fari. Suna zaune ne a cikin savannas na Afirka ta Tsakiya, wasu yankuna a gabas da yamma na nahiyar. Wuraren da aka fi so sune dazuzzuka na dazuzzuka. Mai farautar, ba kamar danginsa ba, ya fi son cin abincin ganima.
Baki mai goyon baya. Bayanta da wutsiyar dabbar an lullube da ulu da fari ulu, kwatankwacin gadon Jawo a ƙarƙashin sirdin - zane mai sirdi. Wannan ya bayyana sunan jinsin, babban launi wanda yake ja ne. Dabbar tana rayuwa ne kawai a Afirka. Jama'a biyu na jinsunan suna zaune a kudanci da gabashin sassan nahiyar, ba sa jituwa da juna.
Jakadan Habasha... Yana zaune ne kawai a cikin tsaunukan Habasha. Wani suna ga dabbar shine kerkukan Abisiniya, kyar na Habasha. A waje, mai farautar yana kama da kare mai kafafu da kai da kai. Dabba mai yawan gaske. Launi a cikin ɓangaren sama na jiki baƙar fata ne, jela, tarnaƙi, ƙafafuwa ja ne, cikin ciki fari ne. Arshen wutsiya baƙi ne.
Ayyukan dabbobi shine rana, kazalika da babban abin da suke farauta - rodents. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan ba, masu farauta suna auren mata da yawa, in ba haka ba da ba su rayu a cikin iyakantaccen mazaunin ba. Nau'in nau'ikan da ba safai yake bukatar kariya da kariya ba.
Wuri na musamman an mamaye shi african jackal, wanda, kamar yadda aka kafa kwanan nan, yana da alaƙa da kerkeci. An gabatar da kuskuren don gyara, don kiran dabbar da kerkeci na zinariya na Afirka.
Yana da rikitarwa don haɗawa da kerkecin Masar a matsayin jackal. Tun zamanin da, ana ɗaukar dabba ta sihiri don rayuwa kusa da kogo da kaburbura. Mai haɗakarwa yana da alaƙa da mutuwa, lahira don shirye-shiryen haƙa kaburbura.
Zai yiwu cewa al'adar binnewa a cikin kaburbura ta taso ne don kare matattu daga kerkeci. Dodan Masar da tabbaci ya shiga cikin tatsuniyoyin tsohuwar Masar. Hoton allahn da ke hade da duniyar matattu yana da kamannin kerkeci tare da wutsiyar wutsiya.
Rayuwa da mazauni
A cikin Asiya jackal - mai farauta na kowa. Daga tsakiyar karni na 20, yaduwar dabbar ta fara a Turai. Hakanan fadada kewayon ya faru a yankin ƙasar Rasha ta zamani - an lura da bayyanar a yankin Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region, da Crimean Peninsula.
Daban-daban nau'ikan diloli sun fi son wurare da ciyayi da ke kusa da jikin ruwa, gandun daji na bishi. A cikin yankuna masu tsaunuka, yana faruwa a tsayin mita 2500. Sau da yawa yakan sauka a cikin magudanan ruwa na kogin a tsakanin bishiyoyin daudu. Dabbobi sun dace sosai da wuraren zama daban-daban, don haka nau'in ba ya cikin haɗarin halaka.
Abubuwan da ke tsakanin duwatsu, burbushin burjik, dawakai, da kerkeci sun zama mafakar dabbobi. Hakanan mawuyacin yanayi da damuwa suna zama ta wurin diloli idan suna cikin wuraren da ba'a iya wuce su. Mafi yawa sau da yawa dabbobi suna yin rami da kansu.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana yin wannan ta hanyar matan ƙuruciya. Ana nuna wurin ɓoye ta hanyar hanyoyin da ke kaiwa zuwa gare su. Kuna iya ganin ƙasa da yawa a ƙofar. A mafaka, dabbobi na ɓoyewa da rana, idan akwai haɗari. A ƙa'ida, akwai kabarin wasu mutane na jinsi daban daban a kusa.
Wasu lokuta ana samun ƙauyukan jackal a cikin kusancin ƙauyuka. Dabbobi na iya yin yawo da daddare a kan titunan kauyukan Indiya, Pakistan, shiga shiyyoyin shakatawa, gonakin daji a layin dogo.
An dauki jackal a matsayin dabba mai iska wacce ƙarfin halin ta ya fi gaban fox. Babban sakamakon da ya biyo baya ya bar bayyanarsa a gonakin kaji, kwandon shanu. Dabba daya bata afkawa mutum, amma garken diloli na da matukar hadari.
Gina Jiki
Dabbobi na da iko na musamman don nemo tushen abinci. Abincin jackal ya hada da dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, sharar abinci, hatsi, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu. Kamar sauran nau'o'in masu farauta, dabbobi ba sa kyamar gawa, dogaro da shi galibi ana karin gishiri a kimanta dabbobi. A cikin adadin abinci, bai wuce 6-10% na abincin ba. Dabbobin mayanka, wuraren binne shanu, wuraren shara, wuraren zubar da sharar abinci suna jan hankalin dabbobi.
Ana iya kiran jackal ba kawai mai tarawa ba, amma har ma da farauta na gaske. Animalsananan dabbobi - beraye, ɓeraye - sun zama ganimar mai farautar. Jaki ya samu nasarar farautar zomo, muskrats, nutria, badgers, da kuma kai hari kan awakin gida, tumaki, har ma da 'yan maruƙa. Tsuntsaye, daga gwararan birane, turkeys na gida har zuwa agwagwar ruwa, kyankyasai abubuwa ne na mai jan hankali. Tsuntsayen ƙaura a wuraren hutawa yayin ƙaura suna shan wahala ƙwarai daga mai farautar. Dodannin ya kama wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin babban tsalle.
Kusa da kogunan ruwa, dabbar ta sami katantanwa, amphibians, frogs, kadangaru, molluscs, kifi da dabbobin ruwa, waɗanda ruwan ya ɗauke zuwa gabar tekun. A cikin ciyawar, dodo ya kama kwari, wanda yake ba shi tsoro da gangan. Mafarauci yakan saurara, ya sha wuya, baya rasa wata karamar damuwa.
Dabarar dabbar ta bayyana a cikin bin manyan mafarauta don cin abinci a kan ragowar abincinsu. Sau da yawa sukan yi farauta biyu-biyu, a rukuni-rukuni don fatattakar abincinsu ga juna.
Yawancin abinci shine abincin tsire-tsire. 'Ya'yan itacen Juicy suna shayar da ƙishirwar dabbobi. Jaki na cin abinci a hawthorn, dogwood, inabi, pears, kankana, tumatir. A lokacin bazara, kwararan fitila da kuma asalin ciyawa sun zama abinci. Dabbobi sun biya bukatar su ta sha a cikin magudanan ruwa daban-daban, kuma a wuraren busassun har ma suna haƙa ramuka a wuraren bushewar koguna domin su bugu da ruwan ƙasa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Ma'auratan diloli na diloli suna ci gaba har tsawon rayuwarsu har zuwa mutuwar abokin tarayyarsu. Lokacin rutting galibi a watan Fabrairu ne kuma yakan ɗauki kimanin wata guda. Maza don neman ma'aurata suna ihu da ƙarfi, suna yaƙi don mata. Ma'auratan da aka kafa suna yin rami tare, suna cikin kiwon zuriya. Shirye-shiryen gida ya kunshi gano rami ko tono naka. Zurfin matsugunin ya kai kimanin mita 2. Hanya tana tsaye a kusurwa, ta ƙare da ɗakin gida.
Ciki na darin macen Asiya na tsawon kwanaki 63. Nau'in Afirka yana ɗaukar zuriya har zuwa kwanaki 70. An haifi kwiyakwiyi 2-4. Yaran da aka haifa sun zama makafi, sun sami ganinsu a ranakun 9-17. An kwikwiyoyi suka fara ji cikin makonni biyu, kuma suna tafiya a cikin wata ɗaya. Sutsi mai laushi sannu a hankali yakan zama mara nauyi bayan haihuwa. Launi ya canza daga launin toka-launin ruwan kasa zuwa ja-baki.
Ciyar da jarirai da nonon uwa har tsawon watanni 1.5-2 ana haɗuwa da ƙarin abinci tare da abincin nama daga makonni 2-3. Dabbobi suna sake tayar da ganima, don haka ya fi sauƙi a gare su su isar da abinci ga zuriyarsu.
Ananan mata sun isa balaga a cikin watanni 11, maza - na shekaru biyu, amma puan kwikwiyo suna tare da iyayensu na ɗan lokaci har zuwa shekaru 1.5-2. Tsawancin rayuwar jackal a yanayi shine shekaru 12-14. Masoyan baƙon abubuwa suna riƙe diloli a cikin fursuna, sun sami nasarar horar da su. Kulawa mai kyau da abinci mai gina jiki baya tasiri mai nuna alamun tsawon rai, tsoffin mazauna suna rayuwa shekaru 16-17.
Tarihin jackal na da ne, amma ba a fahimce shi sosai ba. Gwagwarmayar rayuwa ta tilasta dabbar ta saba da muhalli daban-daban, albarkacin abin da ya kasance wani ɓangare na dabbobin zamani.
