Masana muhalli sun fusata da tunanin samun karamar litattafan rubutu da takarda a tafkin Rybinsk. Wannan aikin, wanda yayi alƙawarin zama mafi girma a Turai, ana aiwatar da shi ne ta ƙungiyar kamfanoni na SVEZA tare da haɗin gwiwar Finn. “Bari su gina bagade da takarda, kawai idan an cika sharudda uku: idan aikin shuka na Finnish ne, idan Finnish za su gina shi, kuma idan an gina shuka a Finland! - masu kula da muhalli sun yi zanga-zanga. "A ƙarshe shukar za ta kashe Volga kuma ta mai da rayuwar mutane lahira."
Yadda abin ya fara
An ɗauka cewa aikin, wanda Alexei Mordashov, shugaban Severstal ke jan hankali, za a aiwatar da shi azaman haɗin gwiwa tsakanin jama'a da masu zaman kansu tare da jawo hankalin rancen ƙasashen waje. Tabbas, a watan Satumba na 2018, kamfanin Finnish Valmet ya shiga yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa tare da SVEZA a matsayin mai ba da kayan aiki don bita na Vologda PPM. A zahiri, bisa ga wasu bayanai, za a samar da samfuran sabon ɓangaren litattafan almara da takarda a cikin Finland: Finn ɗin kansu ba sa ɓata lamuransu, suna rufe bagaruwa da injinan takardu, kamar yawancin ƙasashen Turai, don sanin yadda wannan samarwar ke da illa. Amma ana bukatar takarda! Wannan yana nufin cewa za su saya daga Rasha, wanda saboda wani dalili ba ya jin tausayin ko dai albarkatun ƙasa ko jama'arta.
“Ginin shuka zai haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyarawa ga yanayi ba, kuma, daidai da haka, lafiyar - namu da yaranmu da jikokinmu! - masana ilimin muhalli sun fusata. - Bari a gina bagade da injin niƙa, kawai idan an cika sharuɗɗa uku: idan aikin shuka na Finnish ne, idan Finns za su gina shi, kuma idan an gina shuka a Finland! "
Sa hannu kan kwangilar gini
Masana muhalli suna ta buga dukkan kararrawar tun shekarar 2013, lokacin da kungiyar kamfanoni ta SVEZA da gwamnatin yankin Vologda suka sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya kan gina matattarar takardu da takarda a tafkin Rybinsk na dala biliyan biyu. 'Yan kasuwar ba su ba da kunya ba saboda watanni shida da suka gabata, a matsin lamba daga jama'a, Baikal Pulp da Paper Mill a karshe aka dakatar da su, suna gurɓata babban tafki a duniya. Masana’antar tana shirin samar da tan miliyan 1.3 na cellulose, kuma wannan matatar za ta ninka ta Baikal sau 7. Akwai bayanin cewa za'a iya fara gini tuni wannan shekara.
A cikin 2013, labarin wani bala'i da ke tafe ya haifar da zanga-zangar zanga-zanga daga mazaunan Cherepovets District da Vologda Region, da Yaroslavl da Tver Regions. Bugu da kari, kwastomomin aikin sun ki su yi magana da mutane, ba a ba mazauna damar halartar "jin ba'asin jama'a" da aka sanar ba kwata-kwata, an gurbata sakamakon. A halin yanzu, masu fafutuka sun tattara sa hannun masu zanga-zanga sama da dubu goma. Masu rajin kare hakkin jama'a sun shigar da kara saboda take hakkinsu na 'yan kasa, amma kotun ta yi watsi da ikirarin, tana mai dogaro da bangaren mutane da kudi - kungiyar SVEZA.
"SVEZA", ban da ikirarin cewa masana'antar za ta sami wuraren kula da zamani na zamani kuma za ta yi aiki a kan sabbin fasahohi, sannan kuma ta sanar da cewa albarkacin bagade da takarda, sabbin ayyuka za su bayyana. “Rigimar ta karkace. Duk mazaunan Kotun, inda yakamata a bayyana bagarya da takarda, su tafi aiki a Cherepovets. Kuma daga Severstal, a karkashin wasu maganganu, sun fara korar wadanda suka sanya hannu kan zanga-zangar, ”in ji Lidia Baikova masanin muhalli na yankin.
Wasikun Shugaban Kasa
A watan Janairun 2015, shugaban kungiyar Yaroslavl na jama'a game da muhalli "Green Branch" Lidiya Baikova ta nemi Shugaban Tarayyar Rasha da ya sa baki a cikin shawarar gina bagade da matattarar takarda a tafkin Rybinsk. Gaskiya ne, an aika wasika daga gwamnatin shugaban kasa zuwa ga gwamnatin yankin Vologda, kuma sashen bunkasa tattalin arziki na yankin Vologda ya tashi da amsa ta yau da kullun. Lidia Baikova ta ce "An sanar da mu cewa aikin zai rage tasirin da yake da shi a muhalli, kuma bisa wasu sigogi, inji zai ma tsabtace tafkin Rybinsk."
“Masana suna la’akari da fitowar kamfanin ne kawai yayin gudanar da aiki yadda ya kamata. Kuma ko da kwarewar ta amince da ginin kuma shuka za a wadata ta da ingantattun tsare-tsaren tsaftacewa, a koyaushe akwai hatsarin hadari, - in ji Ilya Chugunov, masanin harkokin tsaro na masana'antu, masanin ilimin halittu na Saratov. - Kuma wannan ba'a la'akari dashi. Amma idan hatsari ya faru, ana iya sallamar adadi mai yawa na ruwan sha mai ɗauke da abubuwa masu guba a cikin tafkin. Kuma sannan lalacewar da aka yi wa yankin ruwa na tafkin Rybinsk da Volga gaba ɗaya za su kai miliyoyi, kuma idan haɗarin ya yi jinkiri, har ma da biliyoyi. Ba ma maganar lalatattun abubuwa na flora da fauna ”.
Gwamnan Yankin Yaroslavl Dmitry Mironov ya kare Volga, tafkin Rybinsk da mazauna yankin. Tsawon shekaru da dama, ya sha yin jawabi ga Shugaban Tarayyar Rasha Vladimir Putin, da kuma shugaban gwamnatin Rasha Dmitry Medvedev, yana mai bayanin dalla-dalla irin bala'in bayyanar tsiron a yankin Vologda. Mataimakiyar Valentina Tereshkova, wacce a yanzu ta jagoranci mataimakiyar kungiyar aiki a jihar Duma, wacce za ta fahimci halin da ake ciki, ita ma ta nuna sha'awar wasikun Mironov. Vladimir Putin ya umarci shugaban Ma’aikatar Albarkatun Kasa Dmitry Kobylkin ya sasanta.
"An yi lissafi cewa idan har yanzu ana karya ka'idojin fitar da hayaki, za a iya lalata tafkin Rybinsk nan da wata daya," in ji wakilan yankin a shekarar 2014.
Kuma halin da ake ciki tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara da takarda yana da haɗari daga kowane ɓangare. Da fari dai, masana muhalli sun yi gargaɗi, shukar za ta lalata gandun dajin yankin kawai! Dangane da dokar gandun daji ta Tarayyar Rasha, an hana yankewar gandun dajin a cikin gandun dajin da ke gudanar da ayyukan kare abubuwa na yau da kullun da sauran abubuwa, kuma an hana ayyukan gina babban birni a shiyyoyin dajin, ban da na lantarki. Kuma ba a ba da izinin sauya kan iyakokin yankuna dajin gandun daji, yankuna kore da gandun daji na birane, wanda ka iya haifar da raguwa a yankinsu. Koyaya, ko ta yaya an riga an canza dazuzzuka na gida zuwa ƙasar masana'antu, kodayake wannan haramtacce ne.
Cutar lalacewar muhalli
Abu na biyu, tabbas, an haifar da wani mummunan yanayi don ilimin yanayin ƙasa! A yayin samarwa a bagade da injinan takardu, ana amfani da sunadarai masu cutarwa - ɓangaren litattafan almara da injinan takarda gaba ɗaya mallakar samfuran aji na farko ne na haɗari. Ruwa mai ɓata an ƙirƙira shi, wanda ke ɗauke da tarin ƙwayoyi daban-daban: waɗannan sune diorganyl da organyl sulfates, chlorides da chlorates na potassium da chlorine, phenols, fatty acid, dioxins, nauyi karafa. Hakanan iska ta ƙazantu, wanda a ciki ana fitar da yawancin mahaɗan masu cutarwa. A ƙarshe, akwai matsalar adanawa da zubar da shara: ko dai an ƙone su (amma wannan yana da matukar lahani ga yanayi), ko tarawa (kamar yadda ya faru a Tafkin Baikal, wanda ya haifar da matsaloli mafi girma lokacin da aka rufe bagaruwa da injin takarda).
Af, a cikin waɗancan shekarun, a ƙarƙashin matsin lambar yawan jama'a, ƙungiyar SVEZA ta ba da bayanan EIA (ƙimar tasirin muhalli) ga jama'a. Gaskiya ne, don cutarwar kansu. Kamar yadda ya bayyana cewa a cikin shekara guda daga ɓangaren litattafan almara da takarda, tafkin Rybinsk na iya karɓar ruwa miliyan 28.6 na m. Haka ne, ruwa mai tsafta yana bi ta tsarin tsarkakewa na matakai biyar, duk da haka, bisa ga lissafi, a cikin ruwan da aka sallamar a cikin matattarar abubuwa masu sinadarai da yawa, ƙimomin baya zasu ƙaru sau da yawa (har sau 100). Kuma hayakin da ke fita zuwa sararin samaniya zai kai tan 7134 a shekara, kuma zasu fada cikin manya-manyan hanyoyin. Adadin sharar zai iya kaiwa tan dubu 796 a shekara!
A ƙarshe, wani haɗari shine ɓacewar Volga, kuma a zahiri ma'anar kalmar!
A cewar UNESCO, ana amfani da lita 10 na ruwa don samar da farar takarda guda daya. Kuma Vologda PPM na shirin daukar mita miliyan 25 na ruwa a kowace shekara tare da shirin da aka tsara na shuka a cikin mitikyik miliyan 1 na cellulose a kowace shekara! A ina za mu sami ruwa sosai yayin da Volga ba wai kawai ya shanye daga wasu gurbatar muhalli ba, gami da daga kamfanoni da yawa a Cherepovets (inda akwai wuraren samar da kayayyaki na Severstal), amma kuma ba shi da zurfi!
Lalacewar Volga
A farkon watan Mayu 2019, mazaunan Kazan, Ulyanovsk, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod da sauran biranen Volga sun yi ta faɗakarwa: ruwan da ke cikin Volga ya bar, a wuraren da ƙanƙantar ƙasan! Masana muhalli sun yi bayanin: matsalar tana cikin rami ne na cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki guda 9 akan Volga. Volga ta daɗe da rayuwa irin ta rayuwar kogi kuma mutum ne yake mulkin ta. Dam din, a hanya, sun lalace.
Amma a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, Vladimir Putin ya lura da cewa, dangane da mahimmancin bunkasa yawon bude ido a cikin kogi a Rasha, bukatar gaggawa ta inganta yanayin hanyoyin ruwa da warware matsalar rashin zurfafa tashar Volga. Amma idan bagade da matattarar takarda za su kwashe duk ruwan daga Volga, wanda tuni ya tafi, to ta yaya kuma wanene zai aiwatar da umarnin shugaban??
Yanzu akwai batutuwa 39 na Tarayyar Rasha akan Volga, kusan rabin yawan mutanen Rasha suna zaune a nan! An daɗe ana fuskantar matsalar ingancin ruwan Volga, wanda ake amfani da shi don samar da ruwa. “Taya iyalan mu zasu rayu idan an hana mu ruwa mai tsafta? Me za mu sha, ta yaya za mu shuka hatsi da kayan lambu a ƙasashenmu, ta yaya za mu ciyar da yaranmu idan Rybinsk Ruwa da Volga suka zama wurin zubar shara? " - masanan kimiyyar muhalli sun fusata, suna masu imanin cewa sakamakon aikin sabon bagade da matattarar takarda na iya zama kisan kare dangi dangane da mazauna yankin. Ba tare da ambaton ilimin halittu na yankuna ba: ruwa, flora da fauna kawai za'a lalata su.
