Tsawon karnoni har ma da dubunnan shekaru, masana falsafa da masana tarihi, masana kimiyyar halitta da masu ilmin kimiya sun kasance suna tunanin yadda rayuwa ta gudana a duniyar tamu, amma har yanzu babu wani ra'ayi daya da aka samu kan wannan batun, saboda haka, a cikin zamantakewar zamani akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa, dukkansu suna da 'yancin wanzuwa. ...
Asalin rayuwa kai-tsaye
Wannan ka'idar an kafa ta ne a zamanin da. A mahallin sa, masana kimiyya suna jayayya cewa rayayyun halittu sun samo asali ne daga rayayyun abubuwa. Don tabbatar ko musanta wannan ka'idar, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa. Ta haka ne, L. Pasteur ya sami lambar yabo don gwajin tafasasshen romo a cikin leda, sakamakon haka aka tabbatar da cewa dukkan kwayoyin halitta zasu iya zuwa ne daga kwayoyin halitta. Koyaya, sabuwar tambaya ta taso: daga ina ne ƙwayoyin da rayuwa ta faro daga duniyarmu?
Halitta
Wannan ka'idar tana daukar cewa dukkan wata rayuwa mai rai a duniya lokaci daya ta wasu halittu masu kima tare da masu karfi, walau abin bautawa ne, Mawadaci, mai girman kai ko wayewar kai. Wannan tunanin ya dace tun zamanin da, kuma shine asalin dukkan addinan duniya. Har yanzu ba a karyata ta ba, saboda masana kimiyya ba su iya samun ingantaccen bayani da kuma tabbatar da dukkan rikitarwa da abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya ba.
Yankin da yake kwance
Wadannan maganganun guda biyu suna bamu damar gabatar da hangen nesan duniya gaba daya ta yadda sararin samaniya zai wanzu koyaushe, ma'ana har abada (yanayin tsayuwa), kuma tana ɗauke da rayuwar da take tafiya lokaci zuwa lokaci daga wannan duniya zuwa waccan. Siffofin rayuwa suna tafiya tare da taimakon meteorites (panspermia hypothesis). Yarda da wannan ka'idar abu ne mai wuya, tunda masana ilimin falaki sun yarda cewa duniya ta fara ne kimanin shekaru biliyan 16 da suka gabata saboda fashewar wani abu.
Juyin halittu
Wannan ka'idar ita ce mafi dacewa a kimiyyar zamani kuma ana daukarta karbabbe a cikin masana kimiyya a kasashe da yawa na duniya. A.I. ne ya kirkireshi Oparin, masanin kimiyyar halittu dan Soviet. Dangane da wannan hasashe, asali da rikitarwa na sifofin rayuwa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar juyin halittar sunadarai, wanda sanadinsa ne dukkanin halittu suke mu'amala da shi. Da farko dai, an halicci Duniya azaman sararin samaniya, sannan sararin samaniya ya bayyana, ana aiwatar da hada kwayoyin halitta da abubuwa. Bayan haka, a tsawon miliyoyin shekaru da miliyoyi, rayayyun halittu daban-daban sun bayyana. An tabbatar da wannan ka'idar ta wasu gwaje-gwajen, duk da haka, ban da ita, akwai wasu sauran maganganun da ya kamata a kula da su.
