Masu farauta, a ƙa'ida, sune waɗanda suke cin abincin asalin dabbobi, ba kayan lambu ba. Tsuntsaye masu farauta farauta ne. Amma ba duk masu farauta ake sanya su a matsayin masu farauta ba, tunda yawancin tsuntsaye suna cin nama.
Misali, yawancin kananan tsuntsaye suna cin kwari ko ciyar da kwari ga kajinsu. Ko tsuntsayen hummingbird suna cin ƙananan kwari da gizo-gizo. Terns, gulls da heron suna cin kifi, don haka ta yaya za ku gaya wa tsuntsaye gama gari daga masu farauta?
Babban bambanci tsakanin tsuntsayen ganima shine ilimin halittar jiki (ƙwanƙwasa ƙarfi da baki, an daidaita shi don kamawa, kashewa da cin abincin) da ikon farauta cikin gudu. Girman su ya bambanta daga 60 gr. har zuwa 14 kilogiram
Akwai kusan nau'o'in tsuntsayen dabbobi kimanin 287 a duniya, kuma masana na rarraba su daban. Dangane da ɗayan tsarin rarrabawa, sun kasu kashi biyu:
- Falconiformes (falconiformes);
- Strigiformes (owls).
Duk waɗannan umarni suna da manyan halaye guda biyu waɗanda aka lissafa a sama: ƙusoshin ƙarfi da ƙuraran baki.
Falconiformes galibi suna aiki (aiki yayin lokutan hasken rana), Owls yawanci babu dare (mai aiki da dare).
Wadannan umarni biyu na tsuntsayen basu da alaka da juna, amma suna da halaye iri daya na farauta.
Ana samun wakilan kungiyoyin biyu a yankin ƙasar Rasha.
Strigiformes (owls)
Daidaitawar mujiya zuwa yanayi na ban mamaki ne. Ana iya samun wakilan su kusan a dukkanin tsaunukan Rasha - daga yankin Arctic zuwa steppe. Gaba ɗaya, masu lura da tsuntsaye sun kai kusan nau'in 18, wanda shine 13% na duk sanannun a duniya. Mafi na kowa:
Polar ko farin mujiya
Mujiya
Mujiya mai gajeren saurare
Hawk Mujiya
Mujiya Ussuri
Mujiya Upland
Maganin sparrow
Mujiya
Falconiformes (falconiformes)
A yankin ƙasar Rasha, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan 46 na tsuntsayen da ke farauta. A cikin gandun daji da yankunan dutse, mafi yawan abubuwan sune:
Mikiya
Goshawk
Merlin
Saker Falcon
Fagen Peregrine
A tsakiyar latitude, zaku iya samun, tare da wasu:
Kurgannik
Buzzard gama gari
Buzzard
Farar gaggafa
Falcon
Manyan wakilai na falconiformes da aka samo akan yankin Rasha sune:
Bakar ungulu
Mikiya ta teku
Bakar ungulu ungulu ce mai haɗari da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja. Wurin da suka fi so shine tsaunuka da wuraren tsaunuka, kodayake suma ana samunsu a cikin manyan tsaunuka.
Nauyin tsuntsaye ya fara daga kilo 5-14. Tsawon jiki ya kai 120 cm, kuma fikafikan yana kimanin mita uku. Lilin yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Wani fasali na musamman shine fari wanda yake rufe wuyan tsuntsu da kai, wani nau'in abun wuya ne a kasan wuyan wuya, wanda aka kafa shi ta gashin fuka-fukai da kafafuwan rawaya.
Tsuntsaye suna tashi a hankali, kamar suna yin sama sama da ƙasa, suna yin amintaccen sautin mai kama da ƙyalli.
Sunan mikiya na teku na Steller saboda suna mai ban mamaki. Tsuntsu kansa yana da launi mai duhu, amma jela, kafadu, croup, kwatangwalo da goshinsu farare ne masu haske. Wannan dabba mai ƙarfi mai nauyin kilogram 9 shima yana cikin Lissafi.
An ɗauka cewa waɗannan gaggafa sun yi kiwo ne kawai a Gabashin Gabashin Rasha, tare da gaba da kuma tsibirai da ke kusa da Okhotsk da Bering. Mafi yawan su ana samun su ne a Yankin Kamchatka.
Kowace hunturu, wasu mikiya na teku na Steller sukan yi ƙaura daga filayen kiwo zuwa Japan, kuma wasu suna isa Koriya ko ƙari. Wasu mutane ba sa yin ƙaura, amma kawai suna shiga cikin ruwan buɗewa yayin da hunturu ke gabatowa.
Ruwan buɗewa yana ba waɗannan gaggafa tushen tushen abinci tare da gabar teku da tafkuna, saboda babban abincinsu shine kifi. Kifin Salmon shine babban abincin gaggafa a wuraren kiwo.
