Sunan kifin kifi whale a matsayin mai farautar jini mai lalacewa ana amfani dashi da sinima cikin fasaha. Idan kuna kallon fim game da teku, kuma jarumawan suna cikin mawuyacin hali, jira mummunan dodanni masu iyo. Tabbas za su kawo hari, kuma duk makircin zai juya ne kawai ta amfani da alamar "kifin kifi whale". Shin duk abin da gaske wannan hanyar ne ko akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa?
Labarinmu game da kifin kifi whale zai ɗan ɗanɗani kamar watsa tatsuniyoyi. Da farko dai, tatsuniya ta farko ita ce sunan. Da farko, ba daidai ba muke kiran wannan dabba "Whale", daidai ne a ce - "Whale". An sanya mata suna ne saboda dorsal fin na maza, wanda yayi kama da kaifin farin amarya a cikin surarsa.
Ari ga haka, tun zamanin da, dabbar ta sami kanta sanannen mafarauci marar jinƙai wanda yake “laulatar da waɗanda aka cuta.” A nan gaba, saboda wasu dalilai, sai suka fara kiran ta Asatka. A cikin kamus, duk zaɓuɓɓukan an yi rikodin su ɗaya, kuma masana kimiyya sun yi ta jayayya na dogon lokaci, amma ba su zo da wani ra'ayi ba, sakamakon haka, sun kuma ɗauki sunayen biyu.
Sabili da haka, zaku iya samun sunaye biyu a wurare daban-daban, da kyau, don kar ku rikice, zamu kira su ta harafin "A". Labari na biyu. Ana kiran wannan dabbar "kifin kifi whale". Da farko kana buƙatar bincika - kifin kifi whale ne ko kifayen dolphin? Ita ba mahaifa ba ce, kodayake ta kasance cikin tsarin cetaceans. Kuma hakika ba shark ba ne, duk da kasancewar haɗarin dorsal mai haɗari.
Gwarzonmu shine mafi girma dabbar dolphin. Mafi daidaito, shine dabba mai shayarwa na ruwa na ƙananan ƙananan ƙifayen haƙori na dangin dolphin. Kafin ci gaba da musanta tatsuniyoyi game da kifin kifi whale, kuna buƙatar ku san ta da ɗan kyau.
Bayani da fasali
Lokacin da wannan katafaren jirgin ruwa ke iyo a kusa da saman ruwan, kuma fin dinsa a bayansa ya tashi kusan mita biyu sama da matakin teku, sai ya zama a fili cewa namiji ne ke iyo. Maza sun fi mata girma, kuma sun kai tsawon 9-10 m tare da nauyin tan 7.5-8. A cikin mace, fin ɗin kusan rabin tsayi ne kuma mai lanƙwasa. Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar mace ita ce 7-8 m, nauyi ya kai kimanin tan 4.5.
Kan dabba mai shayarwa karami ne, tare da goshi mai fadi, ba tare da dabbar dolphin "baki" ba. Idanun ma kanana ne. Hakoran suna da faɗi da kaifi, har zuwa tsayin 13 cm, wanda da shi yake saurin raba manyan ganima. Fyallen kirji - 60 cm tsayi kuma 15 cm faɗi, ba a nuna ba, amma faɗi, kusa da oval a sifa.
Launi yana da tasiri sosai, wanda zai iya faɗi - "tailcoat couple". Fatar satin a bayanta da gefenta galibi jet baki ne, yayin da cikin yake dusar fari. Wasu kifayen kifin da ke kashe Antarctic suna da gefen haske kaɗan da baya. Akwai tabo mai ruwan toka a bayan bayan fin, mai kama da sikila.
A bangarorin, akwai fararen launuka iri daban-daban masu daidaitawa da girma a ko'ina, akwai irin waɗannan ɗigon a ƙarƙashin idanu. Siffar dukkan tabo a jikin whale mai kisan kai mutum ne, ana iya amfani dashi don gano dabba, kamar mutum ta hanyar yatsan hannu.
Af, yankuna masu launin dusar ƙanƙara a jikin mai shayarwa a wasu yankuna na iya zama ɗan kore ko launin rawaya saboda launin algae. Wani lokaci akan sami bakaken mutane kwata-kwata - melanists, ko fari gaba daya - zabiya.
Yana yin tasiri na musamman whale killer whale a cikin hoton... Ba dalili ba ne yasa muka sake ambaton kifayen kifi a nan, saboda a wasu hotunan ana bayyane sosai yadda kyakkyawar dabba mai kyau, kyakkyawa da girma ta "bar" ƙaramar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Kamar yadda 'yan kifi suke yi.
Irin
Wani samfurin 2 za'a iya danganta shi da nau'in kifayen kifaye:
- Baƙi kifi whale, ko karami, ana kuma kiransa ƙarya saboda cikakken launin fata. Bai kai na wanda aka saba a girma ba, tunda yana girma har zuwa 6 m a tsayi kuma yana da kimanin tan - ɗaya da rabi. Ta fi thermophilic yawa fiye da dan uwanta, kuma ta zaɓi ruwan yankuna masu yanayi da yanayin rayuwa.
- Phereza ɗan ƙaramin kifi whale ne Ta girma ne kawai zuwa mita 2, tana cin ƙananan kifi kuma tana ƙoƙari kada mutane su gan ta. Fentin a cikin duhu launin toka.
Kimanin shekaru 6-7 hali mai ban sha'awa ya bayyana akan Intanet - kifi whale mai suna Iceberg. Mun sami nasarar harba shi sau biyu a kusa da Tsibirin Kwamandan. Bidiyon ya kasance tare da wani aryan cewa daga shekara ta 2008 zuwa 2015, an ga irin waɗannan kifayen kifin whale biyar a yankin Rasha na Tekun Fasifik. Koyaya, an tabbatar cewa wannan ba sabon nau'in dabbobi bane, amma zabiya ce. Wataƙila, launin fari ya zama alama mai firgitarwa na yanayin da bai dace ba.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Ana samun whale mai kisa a cikin faɗin Tekun Duniya, daga yankuna masu zafi zuwa yankuna na polar. Tana tafiya ne ta bakin teku mara iyaka daga Antarctica zuwa Kanada da Kamchatka, kuma daga Norway zuwa iyakar yankin Kudancin Amurka. Musamman waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin dolphin masu haɗari sun ƙaunaci arewacin tekun Pacific, kudu da Tekun Bering, da kuma yankin gefen tekun Aleutian Islands da Alaska.
Daga tekuna, sun kuma fi son Barents da Fari. Suna da wuya a cikin Bahar Rum. Kuma ba a same su kwata-kwata a cikin Tekun Laptev ba, haka kuma a cikin Baƙar fata, da Azov da tekun Gabashin Siberia. A cikin Rasha, kifin whale yana zaune kusa da Tsibirin Kwamanda kuma kusa da dutsen Kuril. Ya fi son wuraren da teku ke sanyaya, don haka ba ya daɗewa a wurare masu zafi.
Bayan dogon nazari, masana kimiyar kimiya da sharadi sun rarraba wadannan mashahuran teku zuwa rukuni biyu: "mazauna", ma'ana, mazaunan dindindin na wani yanki; da "wucin gadi" ko "wucewa", waɗanda ke mamaye girman tekun. Har yanzu akwai masu cin abincin ruwa ba tare da kyauta ba, amma ba a yi karatun su kadan ba, ba a san inda suke iyo ba, abin da suke ci, don haka ba za mu yi magana a kansu ba.
"Mazauna" sun hada dukkanin dangi, sun kirkiro ma'auratan da basa rabuwa shekaru da yawa. Suna zaune a cikin iyakantattun yankuna. Tsarin zamantakewar jama'a ya dogara ne akan tsarin mulkin mallaka. Mace mai ɗa da 'yan maruƙa na jinsi biyu sun kasance rukuni ɗaya.
Includesungiyar ta haɗa da mutane kusan 15. Wailelen Killer suna da wayo sosai, suna da nasu dokokin zamantakewar, kowane rukuni yana da yaren kansa. Waɗannan kashe-kashen whale suna ɗauke da mafi salama, don haka a yi magana. Karkunan whale masu wucewa "Transit" basu da cikakken nazari, kaso nasu ya ragu da na dindindin.
Suna da hankali sosai, suna motsawa kusan shiru, an basu sunan "mafarautan masu shiru", basu yiwuwa a gano kuma suna da wahalar bi. Suna ji a kan mitar mitar whales kuma suna yin sautuna irin na waɗanda, saboda haka basa magana yayin farautar don kar su tsoratar da abin da suka kama. Idan sun ga “mazaunin”, sai su bayar da hanya don kar su shiga rikici.
Nazarin DNA ya nuna cewa waɗannan rukunin ba su haɗu ba shekaru dubbai da yawa. Saboda haka, a hankali sun fara bambanta da juna, kodayake ba su da yawa. Misali, duwawunsu na baya yana da siffofi daban-daban. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin kuma suna da fifikon dandano daban-daban, ƙari kuma, suna magana da "yarukan" daban-daban, ma'ana, suna ba da sigina daban-daban.
Gina Jiki
Tabbas, da yawa suna da sha'awar hakan kishirya masu kisa? Wadannan dabbobin suna da nau'ikan kayan abinci mai gina jiki. Kowane yawan jama'a yana da fifikon zaɓi. A cikin tekun Yaren mutanen Norway, suna farin cikin kama shahararren herring, kuma kowace kaka suna yin ƙaura don ita kusa da bakin teku.
Kusa da su, sauran mafarautan sun kware a fannin yankewa. Idan, don sauƙaƙawa, mun yarda da raba whales masu kisa zuwa nau'i biyu - "mazauna da wucewa", ya kamata mu kuma raba su gwargwadon yadda suke cin abincinsu. Na farko masu cin kifi ne, na karshen masu cin nama ne.
"Mazauna" sun kware a kifin kifi da kifi, sun fi son farauta mai saurin tashin hankali. Suna layi a cikin sarkar kuma suna laluben teku don neman makarantun kifi, yayin da suke ci gaba da hulɗa da juna ta hanyar amfani da echolocation. Bayan sun sami haɗin gwiwa, suna kewaye da shi tare da ɗaukacin rukunin kuma suna "ƙwanƙwasa" shi cikin ƙwallo, sa'annan su "nutse" a ciki, suna samun abincinsu.
Amma "Whales mai kisa na wucewa" - kawai azabtarwa ne mai saurin azabtarwa. Farautar su kamar wata '' tafiya ce '' mai ban mamaki wacce aka tsara don kwaso mafi abinci da abinci mai gina jiki. Mafi yawancin lokuta, hatim masu launin toka da hatimin eared na arewa, waɗanda aka san mu da su zakunan teku, ko Steller's arewa zakunan teku (mai suna bayan likita Georg Steller, wanda ya tafi balaguro a ƙarƙashin umurnin Bering kuma shi ne farkon wanda ya bayyana waɗannan dabbobin).
Whales masu kashewa suna fita don farautar buɗaɗɗen hatimi a cikin uku ko huɗu, tuƙi wanda aka azabtar kuma ya toshe shi da jela masu ƙarfi. Akan zakunan Steller, zasu fara farauta fara biyar ko shida daga cikinsu. Suna iya bin ganima har zuwa awanni 2-3, amma har yanzu suna cimma nasarar da ake so - bayan busawa mai ƙarfi, suna nutsar da wanda aka azabtar da wutsiyoyi.
Dukkanin "ƙungiyoyi" sun riga sun taru don manyan kifayen kifayen. Waɗanda suka kashe shi sun kewaye babbar fatar kuma sun fara sa shi ƙasa, suna mai da shi rashin wayewa. An bayyana wani al'amari: daga bakin tekun California, wasu kifin kifi whale talatin sun kewaye whale mai shuɗin mita 20 kuma suka yanka shi.
Wani ya buge shi a kansa da jelarsa, wasu sun yi ƙoƙari su buge shi a gefen, wasu sun yi tsalle a kan duwawunsu ko nutsewa daga ƙasa. Harin fashi da tsari. A karshe, suka fara yaga namansa. Yana da haɗari da ma'ana don tsoma baki cikin wannan aikin. Ba shi yiwuwa a dakatar da kifayen kifaye yayin farauta.
Zakin teku, kamar yadda masanan Iichthyologists na Kanada suka gano, sun ragu sosai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Idan a cikin 80s na karnin da ya gabata akwai dubbai da yawa daga cikinsu, yanzu kusan kusan dubu talatin ne. Ba wani abin mamaki bane, kawai kwanan nan mutane suka ayyana dakatar da farautar su. Amma kifi whale ba su san wannan ba.
Naman waɗannan dabbobin suna da laushi sosai kuma suna da taushi, akwai su da yawa, kowane samfurin yana da nauyin tan. Masu farautar lalatattun abinci sun yaba da ɗanɗanar zakunan teku kuma sun rage yawancinsu sosai. Koyaya, ban da hatimai da zakunan teku, akwai wasu abubuwa na kifin kifi whale.
A cikin cikin masu farautar da aka kama, an gano ragowar kunkuru na teku, penguins, belar da har ma wadanda abin ya shafa, abin ban mamaki ga mai farautar ruwa, - moose! Koyaya, duk da irin wannan iko, mafarauta wani lokacin suna nuna kansu a matsayin gourmets kuma suna matukar son cin ruwan teku, ko kuma ta wata hanyar ruwan teku.
Hakanan mun san waɗannan dabbobin azaman teku da Kamchatka beavers. An lulluɓe su da ulu mai kauri, kawai wannan ba ya lalata sha'awar kifayen kifin. Otter na teku yana da nauyin kilogiram 16-40, yana da matukar dacewa da ƙarami don haɗiye duka. Domin samun isasshen abinci, tana buƙatar cin dabbobi kusan 7 a kowace rana.
Animalaya daga cikin dabbobin kifi whale a kowace shekara yana iya haɗiye kusan 2000 daga waɗannan dabbobin teku, idan tana farautar su kowace rana. A sakamakon haka, adadin otters na teku kuma ya ragu sosai fiye da shekaru talatin, duk da cewa farautarsu ba ta da iyaka.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Dangantakar dangi a cikin rukuni guda tana hana waɗannan ƙattai damar yin jima'i a cikin fakitin. Saboda haka, mutane daga dangi daban-daban suna shiga cikin aure. Balaga yana zuwa shekara 12-14. Lokacin kiwo yana farawa a lokacin rani kuma koyaushe yana tare da kyakkyawar rawa.
"Gallant gentleman" a zahiri "ya kewaye" budurwarsa da hankali, yana iyo a kusa da ita. Yana taɓa ta da dukkan sassan jikinsa - fin, hanci, wutsiya, yana yin waɗannan motsin rai mara sa hankali da taɓawa. Ya faru cewa saurayi yana ba da abubuwan tunawa ga zaɓaɓɓensa - abubuwa daban-daban daga teku, murjani ko bawo.
Bugu da ƙari, mace na iya adana waɗannan kyaututtuka na dogon lokaci. A ƙarshe, komai ya kasance a da - awanni da yawa na zawarci, har ma da rikice-rikice masu kishi da wasu mazan, aikin auratayya "ciki zuwa ciki" ya faru, kuma yanzu uwar da ke jiran haihuwa ta fara aiwatar da dogon ciki. Yana ɗaukar watanni 16-18.
A wannan lokacin, duk garken suna kulawa da ita kuma suna kiyaye ta. "Yaron" an riga an haife shi da girma mai kyau, kimanin mita 2.5-2.7. Bayan yaron "ya faɗi" a cikin ruwa, "retinue" ya bar uwa da ɗiyar ita kaɗai, yana ba su damar yin magana cikin sirri. Dolan dolphin da farko ya yi shawagi cikin ruwa ba tare da taimako ba, amma sai iyayen suka kawo agaji.
Tana tura shi da hancinta saman ruwan don ya sha iska, kuma huhunsa yana aiki. Mace na haihuwa kusan sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 5. A lokacin rayuwarta, za ta iya haifar da 6-7 "iris". Kimanin shekaru 40-50, "baiwar" ta shigo cikin sha'awa, ba ta da ikon haihuwa, kuma ta shiga cikin nau'in "matron".
Kifi Whale da grindas (baƙin dolphins) sune nau'in jinsin dabbobi waɗanda, kamar mutane, suna haɗuwa da tsufa tsakanin danginsu. Kuma a cikin yanayi na girmamawa. Sun gama al'ada kuma suna ci gaba da rayuwa da farauta sama da shekaru goma.
"Maza" suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 50, kuma "tsofaffin mata" suna rayuwa har zuwa 75-80, har ma zuwa shekaru 100. A cikin bauta, ana rage waɗannan lokutan da rabi ko sau uku. Kada, a kowane yanayi, 'mazaunan' su yi abota da mutane '' masu wucewa ''. Wannan wata alama ce don raba su zuwa rukuni daban.
Me yasa ake kiran mahalarta kifi whale mai kisa?
Don gano shi me yasa mai kashe mahauci kifi whale, kuna buƙatar nutsad da kanku cikin tarihi. A cikin karni na 18 da Spaniards suka kira wannan katon kifayen "mai kashe kifin Whales" - "asesina ballenas", kuma Burtaniya ta fassara shi da kuskure daga Sifaniyanci zuwa yarensu, kuma sai ya zama "mai kisan whale" - "mai kisan whale". Wannan shine yadda muka sami labari na uku. A zahiri, yanayin su daban, kamar namu. Suna da nasu "dankalin shimfiɗar gado" da "mahaɗa".
"Homebodies" kyakkyawar dabi'a ce a cikin "mazaunin" kisan whales. Ba sa son cin halittun masu ɗumi-ɗumi kuma ba sa nuna ƙiyayya ga mutane da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa.
"Tramps" halaye ne na kusa da "hanyar wucewa" kifayen kifayen Wataƙila, sanannen sananne ya kasance game da su a matsayin masu kisan kai. Ba ma don a shirye suke su kashe wata halitta a cikin teku ba. Da farko dai, ana kiran su hakan ne saboda su, kamar 'yan fashi na gaske, suna kashe waɗanda aka kashe fiye da yadda zasu iya ci. Idan sun kashe kifin whale, kuma ba sa iya cin gawar gaba ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya, suna cin wasu ɓangarorin jiki ne kawai, waɗanda ke da daɗi da laushi (harshe, lebe, da sauransu).
A cikin zurfin teku, kifin whale ba shi da abokan hamayya. Ko da babbar firkita mai tsananin kishi ba gasa a gare ta ba, amma ganima ce. Ba shi da ma'ana, amma gaskiya ne: mummunan farar fata yana da abokin gaba kawai - mai kisan kifin.
Kowace shekara, masana kimiyya suna gano alamun haƙoranta a jikin dabbobi daban-daban, kuma da yawa sun sha wahala ba sau ɗaya ba. Fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin uku na kifin whales, kuma kowannensu yana da nauyin nauyi zuwa giwaye 10, waɗanda aka karɓi alamomi daga haƙoran masu farautar.
Kuma garken whales masu launin toka da na whales (minke whales) suna cikin haɗari koyaushe saboda harin mafarauci mara jinƙai, kuma ƙarshen su yakan zama abin baƙin ciki, kamar yadda kwarangwal ɗin dabbobin da aka samo a bakin teku ke nunawa.
Tsoffin mutane sun lura da zubar da jininta. Yawancin dabbobin ruwa, hatta maƙasudin alaƙar beluga, suna shan wahala ƙwarai daga kisan kifin whale. Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, idan irin wannan ƙaton kamar kifin kifin whale a kunyace ya gudu daga gare ta, wani lokaci ga fushin mahautan da suka fita farautar sa.
Abokin gaba kawai na mai kisan whale shi ne mutum. Tabbas, an haramta musu kamun kifi a sikelin masana'antu a cikin 1982. Amma wannan bai shafi 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da kuma farautar da suke yi wa kifayen da ke kisa, da kuma tarko don dalilai na kimiyya.
Amma ga abin da ya zama bayan lura da nazarin halayyar waɗannan dabbobin - kifin whale yana da sha'awa, duk da haka, a cikin mahalli na ɗabi'a, mutum ba ya ba ta haushi, kuma babu batun kai hari kan mutum a cikin teku. Don haka tatsuniya ta huɗu cewa ita mummunan dodo ce, "mutuwa a tsakiyar teku", an lalata ta. Tana kai hari ne kawai don abinci. Baƙon abu ne a gareta ta kashe wasu dabbobin kamar haka.
A cikin bauta, tana iya nuna zalunci, amma fa idan tana jin yunwa ko rauni. A cikin dolphinariums ana ajiye su da hatimai da kifayen dolphin a wuri guda kuma a horar dasu tare. A lokaci guda, suna ciyar da abinsu. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu wani labari mai ban tsoro da aka yi rikodin shi a hukumance. Akwai jita-jitar kai hari kan mai koyarwar, amma babu wanda ya ba da cikakken labarin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- Whale masu kashewa suna da matsayin jama'a kusa da "kaka".Tsofaffin mata, waɗanda ba za su iya sake haifar ɗiya ba, suna rayar da samari, suna koya musu hikimar rayuwa: suna yin guduma a cikin kawunan samarin hanyoyin dabarun farauta, hanyoyin ƙaura, da wuri mai kyau. Haka ne, abubuwa da yawa suna buƙatar iya "gaya" ga matasa yayin da tsararraki na tsakiyar ke farauta.
- Kashe whale yana ɗayan ɗayan halittu masu tausayi. Ba wai kawai matasa ke kula da tsofaffi ba, suna taimakon marasa lafiya da masu rauni, suna raba ganimar da aka kawo cikin ƙungiyar duka. Wato, kaɗan, amma ya kamata ya isa ga kowa!
- Kafin zuwa farauta a cikin wurin da ba a sani ba, kifayen kifi sun “sonate”, aiwatar da sonar duban dan tayi. Dole ne su gano idan manyan jikinsu za su iya motsawa daga ƙetaren da ba a sani ba.
- A kan farautar, suna da kirkirar kirki, suna da yadda suke bi da kowannensu. Ga wani zaka iya "guduna" na tsawan lokaci a ƙetaren teku, da alama jin daɗin tafiya, kuma ya fi kyau ka aukawa wani da "rago". Fiye da miliyoyin shekaru, waɗannan dabbobin sun ƙarfafa kwanyar da har za su iya ɗaukar irin wannan jan hankalin. Abin mamaki ne yadda suke tsammani daidai karfin raunin rashin sa'a - gill, kai ko ciki.
- Abin sha'awa ne cewa har ila yau akwai kifin da ake kira "kifi kifi whale" na gidan orca na kifin kifin. Hakanan ana kiransa "kurma" saboda gaskiyar cewa an tsamo shi daga ruwa, yana yin sautukan masu ƙarfi.
