Bayani da fasali
Rayuwa a cikin dare, al'adar ɓoyewa a ɓoye da rana da yin bacci, ratayewa sama, da kuma wasu halaye na ban mamaki na waɗannan dabbobin sun haifar da tatsuniyoyi da camfe-camfe da yawa game da jikinsu.
A da, ana daukar su vampires, kuma mazaunan ƙarnnin da suka gabata sun tabbata cewa, kamar yadda ya dace da halittun irin wannan, suna cin jinin mutane da sauran ƙwayoyin halitta. Kuma ba a ƙirƙira irin wannan jita-jita ba tare da dalili ba.
Babu shakka, waɗannan halittu ne da ba a saba da su ba, kuma sifofinsu, ba tare da ƙari ba, na musamman ne. Waɗannan halittu ana kiransu jemage don ƙaramin girmansu da sautukan da suke yi, kwatankwacin ƙararrawa.
Koyaya, menene sunayen laƙabi da aka basu kawai. Misali, a Rasha ana kiransu jemage mai kunnuwa, bat, bat da dai sauran abubuwa da yawa.
Jemage suna motsawa ta hanyar tsawaitawa
Jemage - ba shi da alaƙa da beraye dabba kuma sun danganta shi ga masu binciken dabbobi game da tsarin jemage. Bambancin wadannan wakilan dabbobi na duniya, wanda kuma ya hada da jemage 'ya'yan itace, shine cewa wadannan sune dabbobi masu shayarwa wadanda zasu iya motsawa ta cikin iska, tunda suna da fikafikai.
'Yan koyo sun yi amannar cewa tsuntsaye ne kadai ke da irin wannan adon mai amfani. Amma wannan babban kuskure ne, saboda ya bayyana cewa dabbobi ma na iya yin sama a sama. Kuma jemage tabbataccen tabbaci ne akan wannan.
Amma ya kamata a sani cewa fukafukan dabbobi masu shayarwa sam ba su da kama da sassan jikin tsuntsayen. A cikin jemage, waɗannan membobi ne masu faɗi da ke haɗa gabobin dabba, ana miƙe tsakanin su, ma'ana, kamar tsakanin hannaye da yatsun su na ƙwarai a gaba, da ƙafafu da jela a baya.
Irin waɗannan fikafikan, waɗanda suke da muhimmin ɓangare na girman dukan dabba, na iya samun kusan kusan mita. Amma wannan yana cikin manyan samfuran ne kawai, saboda yana yiwuwa a kawo misali a matsayin wakilan wannan ƙabilar girman ƙwaro.
Hakanan yana da ban sha'awa cewa ana amfani da fukafukan irin waɗannan dabbobi ba kawai don manufar su ba. Hakanan suna aiki a matsayin nau'in alkyabba wacce aka lulluɓe waɗannan talikan, suna kiyaye duminsu a cikin mummunan yanayi.
Kan dabbobin da ke yawo yana da karamin siffa mai zagaye. Jikinsu yana lulluɓe da laushi, launin toka mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa, a wasu yanayi na wasu tabarau, ulu. Zai iya zama daban: kauri da shaggy ko gajere, har ma da rashi.
Wadannan dabbobi kusan suna nan a cikin jirgi, don haka gabobin jikinsu suna da sauye-sauye da rashin ci gaba, amma suna kare da fika masu karfi. Wutsiyar da aka lullube da gashin tana taimakon jemage don yin abubuwa masu rikitarwa yayin tashi.
Ganin irin waɗannan halittu masu rauni ne, kuma ba sa jin wata bukata ta musamman gare ta, saboda dabbobin suna yin mafi yawan rayuwarsu a cikin duhu. A gefe guda, kunnuwa suna da girma, kuma waɗannan gabobin suna ɗaukar mafi bambancin, har ma da sautunan da ba za a iya rarrabasu ba.
Haka kuma, ji ne yake taimaka wa jemagu su yi tafiya a sararin samaniya. Theararrakin da suke fitarwa yayin raƙuman ruwa suna bayyana daga abubuwa masu kewaye kuma suna taimakawa jemagu ƙirƙirar hoto na gaskiyar abin da ke cikin kwakwalwar su.
Don gida gida, jemagu suna zaɓar wurare masu duhu, marasa tsayi inda zasu iya ɓoyewa daga rana.
Wannan hanyar fahimtar abubuwa ana kiranta echolocation.
Jinsunan jemagu
Wani aji ne jemage yake?, Mun riga mun gano. Duk da bakon yanayinsu da sifofinsu na musamman, wadannan halittun har yanzu masu shayarwa ne. Yankinsu na yankin suna da suna iri daya da dabbobi da kansu, ma'ana: jemagu.
Cikakken nazarin jinsinsu yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar rayuwar ɓoyayyiyar da waɗannan halittu suke amfani da ita don jagorantar su. Amma a halin yanzu, akwai ire-iren wadannan dabbobi masu tashi sama kusan dari bakwai.
Shin da gaske ne vampires? Idan muka raba jemagu gwargwadon nau'in abinci, to akwai ire-iren wadannan a Duniya, amma su uku ne kawai. Koyaya, suna da ban sha'awa sosai kuma saboda haka sun cancanci kwatanci na musamman.
- Vampire na yau da kullun sanannen nau'in ne, wanda ya zama gwarzo na labarai da yawa, ƙari, da yawa. Ana kuma kiran wakilanta manyan masu zubar da jini kuma suna rayuwa a cikin nahiyar Amurka a cikin ƙasashe kamar Uruguay, Argentina, Mexico.
Waɗannan halittu suna rayuwa daidai da sunansu, suna ba da alama cewa suna da mummunan aiki. Yawancin lokaci suna haɗuwa a cikin manyan yankuna ta yawan mutane kuma suna zaune a cikin kogwannin keɓaɓɓu. A can suna ɓoyewa da rana tare da 'yan'uwan, suna barci a cikin wani juye juye. Kuma suna fita farauta ne kawai cikin dare, suna afkawa shanu, wani lokacin harma da mutum.
Hakanan, ƙananan rukuni na waɗannan halittu na iya ɗaukar ma'anar ma'adinan da aka watsar, ramuka na manyan bishiyoyi har ma da ɗakunan gine-ginen da suka lalace. Amma duk dabi'unsu na rashin adalci, girman wadannan dabbobi kadan ne, kuma nauyinsu bai wuce 50 g ba.
- Farin-fuka mai fuka-fukai, kamar jinsunan da suka gabata, ana samun sa ne a nahiyar Amurka, a yankuna na tsakiya da na kudanci. Amma waɗannan halittun sun fi ƙananan vampires kadan kuma suna kai hari ga tsuntsaye kawai.
Ana bambanta su da inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa-ja, theiran cikinsu ya fi sauƙi.
- Vampire mai kafa-kafa mazaunin yanki ɗaya ne. Waɗannan wakilan fauna suna da ban sha'awa saboda ba sa jin tsoron mutane kwata-kwata, suna iya barin su kusa da su kuma su yarda a ɗauke su a hannunsu.
Amma suna da al'ada ta kusanci waɗanda abin ya shafa kwata-kwata ba a lura da su. Kuma dabbobi da tsuntsaye na iya zama waɗanda abin ya shafa. Ulu irin wadannan dabbobi launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa.
Ya kamata fasalin su ya haɗa da rashin ji da ji sosai a cikin sauran dangi. Wadannan dabbobin suna da hangen nesa.
Vampire mai kafa-kafa na iya tashi kusa da mutane ba tare da tsoro ba
Ba kamar sauran 'yan iska ba, sauran nau'ikan jemage halittu ne marasa illa. Ba sa cin jini, sai kawai na tsirrai ko kwari.
Kodayake akwai wadanda galibi suke rikicewa da shan jinin 'yan uwansu, don haka yi musu taka tsan-tsan. Amma bayyanar kayan kwalliya da kwari suma suna da fasali masu ban sha'awa, haka kuma halayensu yana banbanta da halayen mutum. Saboda haka, wasunsu ma sun cancanci cikakken bayani.
- Vampire na ƙarya shine mafi girma daga wannan nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ya kamata a lura cewa ainihin vampires sun fi ƙanƙanci girma. Fuka-fukin irin wannan halittar yakai kimanin 70 cm.
Waɗannan mutane suna ciyar da abinci na musamman ne kawai a kan amphibians, kadangaru, kwari iri-iri da anda fruitsan itace. A cikin bayyanar, wannan jinsin ya bambanta da masu haɗuwarsa a cikin sifa mai ma'ana na kunnuwa.
Jikin irin waɗannan dabbobi an lulluɓe shi da launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka mai toka. Feetafafun suna da gamma mai taushi da ƙusoshin ƙusoshin ƙugiya.
Karya vampire babban wakilin jemage
- Babban daren yana gama gari a Turai. Wadannan jemagu kuma suna zaune a cikin faɗaɗa ta Rasha, inda ake ɗaukar su mafi girma a cikin ƙabilarsu. A wasu yanayi, fikafikan su ya kai rabin mita, matsakaicin nauyi shine 75 g.
Waɗannan wakilan fauna suna da ban mamaki ba kawai don girman su ba, amma kuma don launi mai haske, yana iya zama launin ruwan kasa ko ja. Ciki, kamar yadda aka saba a yawancin jemagu, yana da haske sosai.
Don rayuwa, dabbobin suna zaɓar ramuka na bishiyoyi, suna ciyar da ƙwari. A cikin yanayin sanyi, suna tashi zuwa yankuna masu dumi.
- Jemage mai karan hancin alade karami ne wanda yake da sauƙin rikita shi da kumurmutum. Kuma waɗannan nau'ikan halittun suna da nauyin 2 kawai. Sun kasance mazaunan wasu tsibirai na Asiya da Tailandia, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin masu haɗari ga waɗannan yankuna.
Suna farautar ƙananan kwari, suna taro cikin garken. Launi launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu, a wasu lokuta tare da launin ruwan toka. Hancinsu kamar na alade ne, wanda waɗannan halittu suka sami sunan su.
- Babban harelip. Wannan nau'ikan jemagu yana da ban sha'awa don irin abincin sa na musamman da kuma fifikon dandano. Kuma suna ciyar da kananun kifi, kwaɗi da kifin kifi, suna zama kusa da gaɓoɓin ruwa.
Bugu da ƙari, ba kamar dangin su ba, suna iya farauta da rana. Bayyanar dabbobi ma abin birgewa ne, tare da yanayin abin al'ajabi da kunnuwa masu kama da zomo. Rigarsu ja ce, mai haske sosai.
Nauyin ya fi girma - kimanin 80. Suna zaune a yankunan arewacin Ajantina da kudancin Mexico, da kuma wasu tsibirai masu yanayi iri ɗaya.
Babban haushi
- Ana samun jemage mai kunnuwan ruwan kasa mai dogon gashi a cikin Eurasia da yankuna arewacin Afirka. Daga wurare masu sanyi yana tashi zuwa hunturu zuwa yankuna masu dumi. Ba shi da launi mai haske sosai, yawanci launin ruwan kasa-toka, kuma nauyinsa kawai 12 g, amma tare da manyan kunnuwa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa wasu lokuta sukan wuce girman jiki a tsawon. Kuma wadannan gabobi ne suke baiwa dabba ikon samun cikakkiyar damar jin dukkan sauti. Kuma wannan yana bawa dabbar damar yin zirga-zirga cikin tsananin duhu yayin farautar dare.
Kasancewar manyan kunnuwa sun ba da sunan jemage - jemage mai kunnuwa mai duhu
Rayuwa da mazauni
A cikin al'adu da tatsuniyoyin mutane da yawa, galibi ana gabatar da irin waɗannan dabbobi azaman mummunan halaye marasa kyau. Tsoffin mutanen sun haɗu da su ba kawai tare da vampires ba, har ma da wasu mugunta: maywolves, matsafa, mayu.
Wadannan halittu sun siffanta duhu da mutuwa, amma shi yasa totem dabbayana aiki azaman cikakkiyar alama ce ta sake haifuwa - sake haihuwa: kin amincewa da duk abin da ya shuɗe, mutuwar tsoffin halaye da ra'ayoyi, don haka shiga cikin sabuwar rayuwa.
Idan ka lissafa wuraren duniyar da irin wadannan wakilan fauna suka zauna, ya kamata ka ambaci kusan dukkan su, ka tsallake gefen dusar ƙanƙara da kankara ta har abada, da kuma wasu tsibirai da tekun ya kewaya da su, tunda waɗannan waƙoƙin ba sa iya zuwa wurin.
Masana ilmin namun daji sun yi imanin cewa jemage na iya samun gindin zama kusan a ko'ina, a kowane yanayi da yanayi daban-daban. Abinda kawai take bukata shine matsuguni mai nutsuwa, inda zata sami damar buya daga hasken rana da ta tsana da rana.
Irin waɗannan halittun suma basa jurewa da hayaniya, amma koda a manyan biranen zasu iya zaɓar ɗakunan kwanciya da ba a ɗan ziyarta ba, koda kuwa a cikin gidan zama. Saboda haka, ana iya gabatar dasu da gaskiya, kamar dabbobi. Jemage bashi da tsoron mutum.
Amma wasu daga cikin mutane suna tsoron irin wadannan baƙi, nuna bambanci kawai yana shafar su. Koyaya, wannan baya hana ƙaunatattun masoya kiyaye waɗannan halittu masu ban sha'awa azaman dabbobin gida.
A cikin jeji, alal misali, a cikin wani irin babban kogo mai ban al'ajabi, yankunan wadannan dabbobi na iya daukar dubun dubatar mambobi, har ma da miliyoyin mutane. A cikin irin wannan matsuguni, suna hutawa da rana, suna manne da ƙusoshin hannu masu tauri a gefuna, rataye, kamar fruitsa fruitsan itacen marmari, juye.
Amma duk da cunkoson mutane da ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'ummomi, ba za a iya kiran jemage dabbobi na zaman jama'a ba. Abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewar su ba a bayyana ta kowace hanya. Suna yin magana kaɗan da danginsu. Sukan kwana tare kawai yayin rana, shi ke nan. Kuma suna farauta su kadai cikin dare.
Idan jemagu suna zaune a yankuna da ba su da kyau ta fuskar yanayi, a cikin hunturu galibi sukan je neman wurare masu daɗi da ɗumi. Kuma irin wannan tafiye-tafiyen wasu lokuta sukan dauki dubban kilomita. Amma wani lokacin wadannan halittun kawai sun fi son shiga cikin al'ada ta al'ada.
Jemage na iya tara miliyoyin ginshiƙai
Gina Jiki
Tsarin hakora a cikin kowane wakilin wannan rukunin ya bambanta kuma kai tsaye ya dogara da hanyar ciyar da wani nau'in. Jinsunan dake shan jini suna da 'yan hakora, guda 20 ne kacal, amma sun shahara ne saboda dogon hammatarsu. Sauran jemagu suna da 38.
Koyaya, haƙoransu suna dusashewa kuma suna bautawa wajen niƙa abinci mara kyau a cikin baki. Wasu jinsunan masu shan jini na iya haifar da babbar illa ga wadanda aka cutar da su, saboda enzymes wadanda ke shiga cikin jinin wadanda abin ya shafa tare da bakinsu na afkawa dabbobi lokacin da cizon yakai na iya haifar da gagarumar asarar jini.
Kuma idan ƙungiya gabaɗaya ta kawo harin, alal misali, vampires na yau da kullun, amma sakamakon mutuwa ya fi yiwuwa.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, dare ne ga irin waɗannan halittun da ke lokacin farauta, kuma rayuwarsu ta aiki tana farawa ne da hasken ƙarshe na rana mai fita. Wadannan dabbobi masu shawagi basa ganin wadanda abin ya shafa, amma suna ji, suna kama da 'yar motsi.
Dabbobin kwari, ban da ƙananan abubuwa masu fika-fikai da kwari masu rarrafe, suna iya cin tsutsar ciki, ƙananan kifi, kwadi. Hakanan akwai wadatattun jinsin da ke cin 'ya'yan itatuwa na musamman da shan drinkan itace na furanni.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Yadda ainihin soyayya da zawarci da kuma saduwar da wadannan halittu suke yi ke da wuya masana kimiyya su gano dalla-dalla, sun fi son yin rayuwar ɓoyayyiyar rayuwa.
Wasu jemagu zasu iya ciyarwa akan tsaran furanni.
Amma a wasu lokuta, ana iya jin sautuna masu ban sha'awa kusa da mazaunin jemagu. Wannan shine zawarcin 'yan mata ga matan su da kuma kiran su.
Jemagu masu zaune a yankuna masu yanayi mai kyau da yanayi mai dumi a shirye suke don al'adun ibada a kowane lokaci kuma suna iya samar da zuriya sau biyu a shekara. A cikin yankuna da ke cikin mawuyacin yanayi, saduwa da waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna faruwa gab da bacci.
Kuma wannan wani fasali ne na waɗannan dabbobi. Jemage, mafi dacewa, macen irin wannan ƙaramar hukumar, tana iya ɗaukar ciki ba nan da nan ba, amma wani lokaci bayan hulɗa da abokin tarayya.
Bayan haka, bisa ga ra'ayin yanayi, ƙwai nata zai hadu ne kawai bayan farkawa daga bazara. Kuma har zuwa lokacin da aka kayyade, maniyyin namiji, kamar yadda yake, ya kasance a jikinta ajiyar.
Tsawon lokacin ciki shima ba zai yuwu a sanyawa suna daidai ba, saboda lokacin ya sha bamban. Kuma suna dogara ne kawai akan nau'in, amma har ma da yanayin kewaye, musamman - zafin jiki.
Amma idan lokacin yayi, sai a haifi 'ya'ya biyu ko uku. Sun fara zama a cikin jakar jela. Kuma bayan mako guda tuni sun riga sun fita daga wurin, amma suna ci gaba da rayuwa, suna ciyar da madarar uwa.
Don haka, jarirai suna samun ƙarfi a hankali, kuma bayan wata ɗaya sun riga sun sami damar ciyar da kansu.
Ga tambaya: menene tsawon rayuwar waɗannan halittu yana da wuyar amsawa babu shakka, saboda ya dogara da jinsin da waɗannan jemagu suke. A matsakaici, shekaru 5 ne, amma yana iya zama shekaru 20 ko fiye.
Abin sha'awa, lokacin da aka ajiye su a gida, irin waɗannan dabbobin ba sa rayuwa mai tsawo, kamar yadda ake lura da yawancin rayayyun halittu, amma akasin haka - ƙasa. Wannan shi ne saboda rashin iya aiki tare da aikin da ake so kuma daidai da hawan halitta. Kuma wannan yanada matukar cutarwa ga kwayoyin halittarsu.
