Bayani da siffofin jirgin saman jirgin sama
Daga cikin fukafukan fuka-fukai, akwai wakilai da yawa waɗanda ke kawo fa'idodi marasa ƙima kuma ana yin umarni ne na gandun daji, lambuna da wuraren shakatawa, masu kashe ƙwayoyin kwari masu cutarwa. Wadannan sun hada da jirgin sama – tsuntsu yin la'akari kawai har zuwa 25 grams.
Masana kimiyya ne suka lisafta mata tsarin wadanda suka mutu. Wakilan nata sun yi fice a cikin wata keɓaɓɓiyar iyali, wanda kuma, masu nazarin halittu suka rarrabu zuwa manyan zuriya biyu, sanannu ga ɗumbin nau'ikan halittu.
Waɗannan na ainihi ne kuma masu jujjuyawar tashi. A girma, irin wadannan tsuntsayen ba su wuce santimita 15 ba kuma suna da kamannin girma da gwarare - wadanda suka haifa, amma sun fito daban-daban bisa fasalin waje ta launin layinsu, wanda aka san shi da bambancinsa kuma ya dogara da nau'in wadannan tsuntsayen.
A mafi yawancin lokuta, ainihin masu ƙwanƙwasa suna da launuka masu sauƙi, daga cikinsu launin ruwan kasa ne, launin toka, launuka zaitun masu farin fari da baƙi. Amma launuka masu bambancin launin fata sun fi wadata. Wakilan wannan jinsin sune ja, lemu, shuɗi da rawaya, kuma sun shahara ga sauran ma'aunan haske na ƙirar.
Fukafukan irin waɗannan tsuntsayen, waɗanda tsayinsu ya kai kimanin 20 cm, sun fi tsayi kwatankwacin girman jikinsu marasa mahimmanci, amma ba su da faɗi ko kaɗan. Legsafafunsu ba su da ƙarfi kuma ba su ƙyale masu mallakar su matsa da sauri a kansu.
Bakin bakin yana da karfi kuma yana da tsari mai ban mamaki, ba tare da tantance wane ba kwatancen flycatcher ba zai cika ba. Yana da fadi da kuma shimfide; dutsen da yake tsaye a bakin baki.
Ana iya ganin seta na roba tare da gefunan baki da kuma a gindin, wanda har ya rufe hancin hancin wasu nau'in. Wutsiya a cikin yawancin jinsuna madaidaiciya ne kuma gajere, yawanci yakan ƙare da yanke.
Yawan irin wadannan tsuntsayen suna da yawa sosai. A Turai, ana samun waɗannan tsuntsayen kusan a duk faɗin nahiyar. Ta gabas, mazauninsu ya fadada har zuwa tsaunin Ural da kuma ƙetaren fadada Siberia.
Hakanan ana samun su a Tsakiya da Kudancin Asiya, suna samun mafaka a cikin Caucasus har ma da kudu, har ma a Afirka, inda galibi ana samun sa jirgin sama... Amma menene ƙaura ko hunturu wannan wakilin na fuka fukai, kai tsaye ya dogara da mazaunin sa.
Bugun yawo da ke zaune a yankunan arewa suna yin ƙaura a wasu lokutan da ba su dace ba, suna tashi zuwa Indiya don hunturu, kaɗan zuwa yamma - zuwa Pakistan, Iraq, Syria da kuma kudu - zuwa kasashen Afirka. Saboda wannan dalili, waɗannan tsuntsaye yawanci ana sanya su a matsayin ƙaura.
Nau'in Flycatcher
Gabaɗaya, akwai nau'ikan waɗannan tsuntsaye kusan ɗari uku a duniya, amma a yankunan Rasha akwai ƙarancin su, mafi dacewa - bai fi goma sha biyar ba. Za a iya lura da mafi shaharar su akan hoton. Jirgin sama wani iri-iri ya bambanta da wani, a mafi yawancin, a cikin launukan launuka.
Jinsunan da ya kamata a ambata musamman sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
1. Rayan tsuntsu mai toka... Launin wannan nau'in yana da hankali kuma mai ladabi: saman yana da launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, kuma ana lura da ƙananan ƙusoshin haske a ƙasan. Ba su da halin ɓoyewa daga mutane, waɗannan tsuntsayen sukan zauna kusa da gidajen ƙasar, ana samun su a cikin murabba'ai da wuraren shakatawa.
Kodayake koda a cikin gani, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ba su da tabbas, wanda sauƙin launukan da ba su dace ba ke sauƙaƙa shi. Hakanan yana taimaka musu su gina gidajan gida kuma su amintar da zuriya cikin kusancin alamun wayewa da mazaunin ɗan adam, yayin da ba a san su ba. Irin wannan tsuntsu yana da sautin da wuya, kuma waƙarta tana da sauƙi, da launuka.
Grey flycatchers
2. Pied flycatcher... Maza na wannan nau'in suna kama da launi zuwa magpies, suna da kewayon baƙi da fari na zana, fari-fari akan fikafikansa da goshinsa, ciki mai launi iri ɗaya. Mata masu launin ruwan kasa-masu launin toka ba su da tabbas. Wakilan wannan jinsin sun shahara da yanayin komai.
Gina gidansu, pilot flycatchers suna haɗe a cikin ɓangaran bishiyoyi da ramuka. Kamar wakilan jinsin da aka bayyana a baya, ba sa jin tsoron mutane kuma galibi ma sukan zaɓi nest roba.
Pied flycatcher
3. Flyaramar jirgin sama... A waje, yayi kama da Zoryanka, ya sha bamban da sauran nau'ikan tare da jan wuri, wanda ke kan kirji kuma ya kasance sananne sosai a cikin rabin rabin namiji, yana tsaye a cikin girmansa. Nauyin wakilan wannan nau'ikan nau'ikan ba su da nauyin gram 11, kuma tsawon jiki bai wuce ƙima ba.
A yayin tashi, ana iya ganin farin tabo a kan wutsiyar ƙananan flyan wasa. Tsuntsayen wannan nau'in suna da ikon yin sautuna masu ban sha'awa, wanda ke wakiltar makoki mai ban tsoro.
Flyaramar jirgin sama
4. Aljanna Flycatcher... Kyakkyawan sunan wannan tsuntsu mai kayatarwa yana magana ne game da kyawawan kyawunsa, wanda ya zama abin da ba za'a manta dashi ba ga duk wanda yayi sa'ar ganin irin waɗannan halittun masu fuka-fukai. Luminta yana da bambanci da haske. Wutsiyarsa babba ce, kuma ta wuce tsayin jiki, a ƙalla sau biyu.
Wannan nau'ikan yana da rabe-raben sha uku. A yankin babbar jiharmu, ana iya samun irin wannan nau'in a cikin Yankin Primorsky kawai. Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin Filipinas, Indonesia, China da sauran ƙasashe da yawa tare da yanayi mai ɗumi. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa, suna ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa daga wayewa da mahalli, da kuma idanuwan tsufa.
Aljanna Flycatcher
5. Royal flycatcher... Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suma suna daga nau'in tsuntsayen masu ban mamaki tare da asali mai ban mamaki. Bayyanar bayyanar su ta wata alama mai kama da kambi a kawunansu (wanda wadannan halittun suka sami sunan da aka nuna).
Amma mashahuran masarauta ba koyaushe suke nuna irin wannan ado ga wasu ba, amma kawai a lokacin saduwa da jima'i. Wannan nau'ikan ya haɗa da ƙananan rabe huɗu.
Royal flycatcher
6. Birarfin jirgin sama na Blackbird... Ta kasance daga rukunin wakilai masu guba na ƙabilar fuka-fukai, kuma ita kaɗai ce, ba ta da irinta. Gaskiyar ita ce tana ciyar da kwari masu guba, don haka fatarta da gashin gashinta a zahiri suna jike a cikin wani ruwa mai ƙyama mai cutarwa.
Amma lafiyar tsuntsaye tsakanin nau'in kwari ga asalin da ba a saba gani ba, ba cutarwa ba, a kan guba tana da kariya mai ƙarfi da baƙon abu. An ɗauka cewa ta wannan hanyar, waɗannan halittu suna samun kariya daga masu haɗari masu haɗari. Tsuntsayen suna da launin ruwan lemo-baƙi kuma suna zaune a yankin New Guinea a cikin dazuzzuka na gida.
Birarfin jirgin sama na Blackbird
Rayuwa da mazauni
Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya samun masu tsalle-tsalle a cikin dazuzzuka na shrubs, a cikin ƙananan gandun daji, sun kuma fi so su cika gandun daji, suna zaɓar wuraren buɗewa: farin ciki, murna. Waɗanda suke son kiyaye su a cikin gandun daji suna da damar su ga hoton da ke tafe.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna kan reshe, suna zaune a tsaye, daga wannan matsayin suna lura sosai: idan kwaro zai tashi sama. A lokaci guda, fikafikan mafarautan suna girgiza kuma suna rawar jiki, kuma su da kansu a shirye suke su tashi a kowane lokaci, kuma idan suka ga abin da ya dace, sai su tashi don su bi abin da suke so a cikin iska.
Babban barazanar ga waɗannan ƙananan halittu suna wakiltar manyan fuka-fukan masu fuka-fukai. Wadannan tsuntsayen galibi suna rayuwa kusa da tsarin wucin gadi da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Sabili da haka, galibi ana samunsu a filayen lambu da kuma cikin ƙananan gandun daji kusa da filayen, sun zama babbar nasara ga masu mallakar yankuna na bayan gari, suna lalata ɗimbin kwari, larvae da sauran ƙananan kwari, kuma musamman a lokacin lokacin girma na kaji.
Gina Jiki
Irin wadannan tsuntsayen ba a kiran su da komai masu kwalliya, saboda babban abincinsu shine kwari. Baya ga ƙudaje, waɗannan na iya zama mazari, dawakai da sauran wakilan wannan ƙabila. Hakanan basu raina gizo-gizo, beetles, kamar yadda aka ambata, larvae da kwari, wanda suke nema akan ganyen bishiyoyi da tsakanin rassan.
Koyaya, menu na waɗannan tsuntsayen ya bambanta ƙwarai kuma ya dogara da aikin kwari, lokaci na rana, yanayi da sauran dalilai. Na'urar ban mamaki ta bakin wadannan tsuntsayen na taimaka musu wajen kamo abin da ba za a ci ba, wanda shine babban abincin wadannan tsuntsayen, wadanda ke saurin yawo, kai tsaye.
Hanyar farauta, wacce take tattare da tsuntsaye, tana tilasta musu su riƙe ɗayan. Tabbas, saboda dangi a cikin al'amarin cikawa, idan aka ba da yanayin da aka bayyana a baya, abokan hamayya ne babu shakka kuma hani ne kawai game da neman abinci.
Hoyewa a cikin rassan bishiyoyi, suna kallon ƙwaro, suna kamewa cikin gudu suna sha, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna rugawa zuwa tsohon wurin da suke neman sabon ganima, har yanzu suna haƙurin jiran bayyanar farautar.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin nest alama ce ta zane rera flyan iska maza, waɗanda ba kawai ke jan hankalin mata da irin waɗannan waƙoƙin ba, amma kuma suna kishin yankinsu da kishi. Kuma wannan alama ce don fara ayyukan haifuwa.
Ban da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan fuka-fukai, iyayen biyu sun tsunduma cikin shirya gida-gida a cikin wakilan wannan tsuntsayen. Tare, nau'i-nau'i tsuntsaye galibi suna yin ayyukan ciyar da zuriya, wanda ba shi da sauƙi ko kaɗan.
Grey flycatcher gida
Flycatchers dole ne su tashi sama har zuwa yara, bisa ga ƙididdigar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, har sau ɗari biyar a rana, suna kai abinci cikin bakinsu. Wannan ciyarwar mai ƙarfi tana ɗaukar makonni biyu.
Kuma a wannan lokacin, masu cuwa-cuwa suna da babbar fa'ida, suna lalata kwari, wadanda nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram da yawa, kuma yawan kwari ya kai miliyan daya da rabi. Babu shakka wannan babbar gudummawa ce ta kiyaye fure a duniya.
Masu fata masu launin toka sun gwammace su yi sheƙa a cikin daji. Sun fara gina keɓaɓɓen wuri don kajin kusan ƙarshen watan Mayu. Kuma suna gina mazauni don zuriyar da zasu zo nan gaba, ta amfani da busasshiyar ciyawa, ciyawa da zaren shuke-shuke.
Abin sha'awa, ba kamar sauran nau'ikan da yawa na wannan dangin ba, mace ce kawai ke cikin waɗannan matsalolin. Kuma a matsayin karamin kwanciya don gida, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna hidimar ulu da fuka-fukai.
Kamawa da wannan nau'ikan, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da har shidda, ƙwayaye masu ɗaukaka, ƙwai masu ganye, yana faruwa a watan Yuni. Hawan kajin da ya bayyana ga duniya yana da alamun launin ruwan kasa fiye da na mutane lokacin da suka girma.
Hannun kwari ya ɗan bambanta a bayyanar, yana da har zuwa ƙwai masu ƙyalli bakwai. Amma tsawon lokacin shiryawa kamar na dangi ne na sama, kusan wata ne.
Qwai da aka fyaɗa
Don gina gida-gida, ƙananan flyan tsuntsaye sun fi son gandun daji masu inuwa, wanda ya ƙunshi dogayen bishiyoyi. Suna kiwon 'ya'yan kajinsu a cikin dazuzzuka na bishiyun fir, wani lokacin a wuraren da ake yanke-yanke.
Shafukan sahu suna da yawa sosai idan aka kwatanta da masu haɗuwa daga wasu jinsunan, kuma galibi suna zama har zuwa mita ɗari uku. Qwai suna da fari tare da jan ƙura. Kaji da suka kyankyasar kwan bayan makonni biyu na shiryawa an rufe su da launin toka-toka.
Bayan sun karfafa, yaran sun kiyaye na wani dan lokaci kusa da gidan iyayensu, amma ba da daɗewa ba, da suka sami ƙarfin hali, suna ƙoƙari don rayuwa mai zaman kanta, suna zaune a cikin manyan daji. Wannan yakan faru ne kusan ƙarshen bazara.
Masu farautar Aljanna suna neman ɓoye gidansu, wanda aka gina shi daga ganyaye, ciyawar ciyawa da kuma gutsuttsura, a cikin babban rawanin bishiyoyin daji. A ƙasan wurin zama na kajin nan gaba, kowane layi yana kan layi sosai. Kamarsu yawanci ya ƙunshi ƙwai har zuwa biyar.
Kajin farar fata masu toka
Tsawan rayuwar tsuntsaye ya ta'allaka ne da nau'in jirgi mai tashi. Yawanci ana lasafta shi har tsawon shekaru biyar. A cikin daji, cike da haɗari, wannan lokacin yakan ragu kuma bai wuce yara uku ba. Ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin jinsunan suna cikin haɗari.
Waɗannan sun haɗa da mai farautar aljanna. Don dawo da yawan waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen, ana ɗaukar matakai iri-iri, galibi da nufin kiyaye yanayin ɗabi'a inda irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suke rayuwa. Don wannan, ana shuka ash, alder, maple da kuma gandun oak.
