Daga Tatar zuwa Rashanci kalmomin fensir, ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi, sundress, wahalar aiki, kuɗi, kabad. Sun wadatar da al'adun Slav. Tatar, a gefe guda, sun karɓi yaren Rasha da ƙyar. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 1887, yawancin Tatar sun kware sosai a yarensu na asali, Larabci da Baturke.
Rashan ta karye. Akwai hadin kai a yanayi fiye da yare. Hakanan yawancin dabbobin Tatarstan ana samun su a wasu yankuna na Rasha. Shekaru ɗari da rabi da suka wuce, yanayin ya kasance iri ɗaya. Akwai nau'ikan 400 na kashin baya da kuma nau'ikan tsuntsaye guda 270 a cikin jamhuriya. Lokacin masaniya ya zo.
Dabbobin gama gari na Tatarstan
Fox
Yawan karnukan da ake yi a cikin jamhuriya lokaci-lokaci na yin barazana ga mutane. A cikin 2015, alal misali, an ba da sanarwar harbin jan mayaudara. Tatarstan ya zama shugaba a cikin ƙin yarda da ƙididdigar yankuna na Rasha dangane da abin da ya haifar da cutar ƙuraje a cikin dawakai.
A shekara guda, an gano dabbobi fiye da 130 da ke dauke da cutar a cikin jamhuriya. Fiye da tamanin daga cikinsu fox ne. Harbe-harbe ya rage yawan jama'a, amma, hakan bai sanya shi cikin haɗari ba.
Foxes - dabbobi na jamhuriyar Tatarstan, yawan adadin da suke ƙoƙarin kiyayewa a cikin iyakokin mutum ɗaya a cikin kadada dubu ɗaya. Dangane da haka, akwai kusan jan 8 masu cuta a jamhuriya.
Motley ya huda
Na dangin hamster ne. Tsawon rodent bai wuce santimita 12 ba, kuma nauyin shine gram 35. Akwai ratsi mai baƙar fata a bayan ƙyallen. Sauran fur din launin toka ne. Hakanan zaka iya gane mai ƙoshinwa ta ƙaramin kunnuwa zagaye da idanun maballin baƙi.
Kayan kwari sun zauna a cikin ramuka, su haƙa kansu da kansu. Sabili da haka, ana 'jan' bera zuwa ƙasa mai laushi, baƙar ƙasa. Abu ne mai sauƙin tonowa a cikinsu kuma ramuka ba sa rushewa, kamar cikin yashi.
Wolf
An harbe Wolves a Tatarstan, kamar dawakai. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sun gano cikin lokaci cewa launin toka tsari ne na gandun daji, yana kashe dabbobi marasa lafiya da raunana. Wayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta daga namansu basu da lahani ga kerkeci.
Wannan shine yadda ake kiyaye annoba. Gano masana kimiyyar halittu ya hana kashe girar. Yawan jama'a ya farfado.
Idan karnuka sun zama kyarkeci, to, wulakantattu ne. Grays yana da girma mai girma ta uku. Wannan yana nufin cewa karfin tunanin kerkeci ya fi na kare.
Elk
Lambobinsa sun dawo kusan shekaru 10. An cimma buri. An kawo yawan mutane zuwa mutane dubu 5. Wasu daga cikinsu suna samun nauyin kilogram 500. A matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan shine nauyin maza.
Jin sun fi su, sai su sa mata da dama. Elks na matsakaiciyar girma suna da aure kuma suna da aminci ga abokin tarayya ɗaya.
Elks sune dabbobi mafi girma a cikin Tatarstan. Sauran dean dabbar ba su da ƙanana kuma suna rayuwa a cikin garken shanu. Elks masu kaɗaici ne, suna haɗuwa ne kawai yayin lokacin kiwo.
Roe
Wannan kuma ya shafi jinsunan da aka dawo dasu. Daga mutane 2400, adadin ya ƙaru zuwa 3500. Wannan shi ne sakamakon jerin matakan matakan kimiyyar kere-kere da kare nau'ikan halittu. Dole ne a kiyaye dawakin Deer, musamman, daga karnukan feral. Sun yi dafifi a cikin garken sai suka fara afkawa dabbobin daji. An kuma buga barewa
Saboda karnuka, barewa ma sun rasa ɗan abincinsu. An sanya shi a wuraren farauta a cikin masu ciyarwa na musamman. Karnuka masu lalata sun lalata su. Dole ne in kamo kuma in harbe karnukan "muggan". Kafofin watsa labarai sun ruwaito wannan a cikin Janairu 2018.
Red vole
Daga cikin voles, ana rarrabe shi ba kawai ta launin launin ja na gashi ba, har ma da tsawon jela. Bai wuce santimita 4 ba. Sauran voles suna da jela mafi tsawo. Jimlar jikin wakilan jajaye yakai santimita 12.
Dabbobin Tatarstan a hoto galibi suna riƙe da ɗanyun pine a cikin ƙafafunsu. Shine babban abincin jan voles. Idan ba zai yiwu a samu kwaya ba, beraye suna wadatar da hatsin hatsi.
Medyanka
Maciji ne. Mutane da yawa suna rikita ta da maciji. Koyaya, tagulla yana ga wanda ya riga ya wanzu. Macijin yana da launin toka a saman, tare da ciki mai haske kamar tagulla. Saboda haka sunan nau'in. Wakilan ta sun bambanta da maciji ta hanyar raunin zigzag mai duhu akan baya.
A tsayi, an ƙara jan ƙarfe da santimita 60-75. Maciji yana cin kadangaru. Idan ba haka ba, dabbobi masu rarrafe sun wadatu da kwadi da ƙananan beraye.
Kurma kurma
Kayan abincin yau da kullun shima ya yadu a cikin jamhuriya. Kurma ya banbanta da ita ba a rashin ji ba. Kawai kawai ƙananan ƙananan suna da murya mara ƙarfi. Maimakon "ku-ku", ana jin "doo-doo". Bugu da kari, yanayin sautin tsuntsun ya fi shuru.
Kuraren kuckoo an saka shi a ciki dabbobi da tsuntsayen Tatarstana matsayinsu na jinsi, masu zaba a wajen zabar iyayen da zasu dauki nauyin yaransu. Ana jefa ƙwai ga warblers kawai. Kayan yau da kullun suna barin zuriya a zubar da nau'in tsuntsaye guda 6.
Baki
Wannan kifin ruwa ne, nasa ne na irin kifi. Tsawon rauni ba ya wuce santimita 20. A cikin Tatarstan, ana kiran kifi synth. A wasu yankuna na Rasha, sunayen laƙabi na baklya, sibil, manyan narkewa sun bayyana. Sunan karshen yana da alaƙa da mummunan yanayi na yin iyo kusa da saman ruwa.
Ciwon yana da tsawan jiki mai matse jiki. Ya kasance kunkuntar, an rufe shi da sikeli masu kyau na azurfa.
Kuka
Tsayinsa ya kai santimita 82 kuma yana iya auna kilogram 6. Halayya ta banbanta a cikin samari da manya. Saboda haka, samari da waɗanda suka kware a kama su ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Saboda haka rabewar kifin ya zama ruwan daɗi da ƙarancin girma. Babu irin wannan rarrabuwa a cikin kimiyyar hukuma, masunta ne suka gabatar da shi.
Ruwa na irin kifi ne, ana rarrabe shi da babban jikinsa, manyan sikeli da kai. Bakin dabba karami ne. Doarshen ƙarshen kifin yana da siffar ruwa mai lanƙwasa a ciki.
Dabbobi na Littafin Ja na Tatarstan
Ogar
Tsuntsaye Tsattsarka na Buddha. A cewar addininsu, agwagin wuta yana kawo aminci da kwanciyar hankali. Tsuntsu ne kawai kansa ba ya hutawa. Tsuntsun fuka-fukan, wanda aka zana cikin launuka ja, yana cikin hatsari. Waɗannan su ne bayanan sabon littafin Red Book na Tatarstan.
Wutar ta kai tsawon santimita 67. Duck ya kai kimanin kilogram. Kasancewa daga tsarin amsar ruwa, wanda yake mai gashin fuka-fuki ya kasance daga tsuntsayen ruwa, ya san yadda zai zauna akan ruwan, kuma ya nutse.
Dutse marten
Hakanan sabon shiga ga littafin Red Book of Tatarstan. Daga cikin mustelids, nau'in dutse ya fito waje don rashin tsoro, sau da yawa yakan sauka a wuraren shakatawa, kusa da gidajen ɗan adam da kuma ɗakunan kwanansu. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa dabba ta shiga dabbobin da ke cikin hatsarin Tatarstan. Mutane ba koyaushe suke farin ciki da maƙwabta ba, musamman ma lokacin da shahidan ke cin abincin kaji.
Dutse marten, kamar squir squir, yana son yin biki daga masu ciyarwar da mutane suka rataye a kan bishiyoyi. Dole ne su kasance masu 'yanci. Marten baya son manyan kauri. Saboda haka, faɗin Tatarstan ya dace da dabba. Jamhuriyar tana kusa da mahadar halittu biyu - steppe da gandun daji.
Chipmunk Asiya
A cikin Eurasia, nau'in Asiya shine kawai wakilin chipmunk genus. Ta girman rareananan dabbobin Tatarstan proteinasa furotin. Tsawon jiki na chipmunk bai wuce santimita 16 ba. Rabinsa yana fitowa ne daga jela mai laushi. Tare da shi, dabbar tana da nauyin gram 100.
A waje, an rarrabe chipmunk na Asiya ta ratsi-ratsi 5 masu tsawo waɗanda ke gudana tare da baya. Sauran gashin gashin dabba mai ruwan kasa ne.
Kunkuru
Ba koyaushe yake zama cikin fadama ba, amma koyaushe a cikin ruwa mai tsabta tare da raunin raƙuman ruwa da raƙuman ruwa. AT Dabbobin Tatarstan na Littafin Ja samu irin wannan a gundumar Nurlatsky da Alkeevsky. A wajen jamhuriyyar, ana samun kunkuru a cikin yankin Caspian, da Caucasus, a kudancin Urals.
Lokaci na karshe da aka ga kunkuru a Tatarstan shi ne shekaru 20 da suka gabata a cikin musayar ra'ayi na yankin Nurlat. Valerian Garanin, masanin farfesa a Sashen Kimiyyar Halittu na Jami'ar Kazan ne ya dauki hoton dabbar. Koda yake, ba a san kunkarar da ta mutu ba. Masana kimiyya suna fatan sabbin taruka.
Damisar Dusar Kankara
Yana yin farauta akan alamar jamhuriya, amma yana da wuya a yanayi. Ya fi sauƙi don ganin mai farauta a cikin gidan Kazan zoo-botanical. A waje da ita, dabbar ta hau kan duwatsu, tana jagorancin rayuwar ɓoye. Akwai dalilai na ɓoyewa. Damisa an taɓa kashe ta don fur. Yanzu suna fatattakar yankuna inda kuliyoyin daji suke rayuwa.
A kan rigunan makamai na Tatarstan, damisa ta ɗaga ƙafarta. Wannan alama ce ta karfi mafi girma da kuma farkon motsi. Mazaunan jamhuriya sun gan shi a matsayin motsi na sabuntawa.
Brown kai
A cikin jamhuriya ma, an saka shi cikin jerin Littafin Ja. Hada da kwancen kafa a wurin akwai sharadi. A cikin 2000s, yawan nau'in ya fara raguwa. Masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun sanya beyar a matsayin dabba mai rauni. Shari'ar ba ta zo ga lakabin "a gab da halaka ba." Jinsunan da aka dauka karkashin kariya sun maido da lambobinsu zuwa shekarar 2016. Yanzu an yanke shawarar batun cire launin ruwan kasa daga littafin Red Book na jamhuriya.
Akwai takun kafa da yawa musamman a yankin Rybno-Slobodsky. Mun ƙidaya mutane 120. Koyaya, yawancinsu suna shiga jamhuriya ne kawai a lokacin rani. Bears suna zuwa hunturu a yankin Kirov da Udmurtia. A can dazuzzuka sun fi yawa, akwai ƙarancin haɗarin da za a tayar da dabbobi yayin ɓarna.
Pike na zinariya
Bayanai game da kifin baya fitowa nan da nan, tunda akwai kuma mai cin kudan zinare. Shafuka game da ita "farawa" da fari. Koyaya, mazaunan jamhuriyyar sun san cewa ana samun pike mai ban mamaki a cikin ajiyar Blue Lakes.
Pike na zinariya yayi kama da na kowa, amma firam ɗin kifin suna yin rawaya. Ma'aunin kifin shine zaitun. Kamar jirgin ruwa na yau da kullun, mai zinare yana son tafkunan sanyi da ruwa mai gudu.
Tarantula ta Kudu ta Kudu
Na dangin gizo-gizo ne, mai dafi ne. Cizon tarantula na Kudancin Rasha kamar hucin ƙaho ne. Ciwon daya ne. Koyaya, shafin cizon tarantula ya kumbura. Ciwon yana ɗaukar awanni da yawa, kuma a cikin yara da tsofaffi - na kwanaki. Guba ba mutuwa ba ce.
Tarantula ta Kudancin Rasha ta kai tsawon santimita 3.5. Jikin gizo-gizo an rufe shi da gashi. Kuna iya ganin dabba akan ƙasa mai laushi. Gizo-gizo suna zaɓar wuraren da tushen ƙasa ke kusa da farfajiya.
Tsuntsu mai yawo gama gari
Yawo squirrels - dabbobin da ke zaune a Tatarstan, kuma galibi ana kiransu sunadarai. Koyaya, umarnin dabbobi daban-daban ne, kodayake dabbobin suna kama da kamanni. Squan iska mai yawo ya zama karami. Tsawon jikin dabbar, gami da jela, bai wuce santimita 22 ba. Bugu da kari, squirrel mai tashi yana da fata na fata tsakanin kafafu. Lokacin da dabba ta kewaya a tsakanin bishiyoyi, fatar na mikewa, tana kara wurin da ake saduwa da igiyoyin iska.
Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana samun yan iska masu tashi sama a yankin Agryz na jamhuriya. Alexander Belyaev, ma'aikacin Jami'ar Kazan ne ya bayyana ɗayan waɗannan tarurrukan.
Dokin daji
Irin ƙwaro ne mai ɗauke da kore mai haske, mai faɗaɗɗen jiki da kamannin ƙyauren ƙyauren da ke fita daga bakin. A cikin Littafin Ja dabbobin Tatarstan ya zama saboda ba su son su watse. Haifa a cikin wani yanki, ƙwaro yakan kasance a ciki har zuwa mutuwa. Sabili da haka, jama'a sun keɓe. Mutum yana canza mazaunin waɗannan yawan jama'a ta hanyar ayyukan tattalin arziki. Saboda haka, nau'in yana mutuwa.
Tsawon doki santimita 1.5-1.8. Dogaye, ƙafafun bazara suna ba da damar ƙwaro ba kawai don rarrafe ba, amma don billa. Saboda haka sunan nau'in.
Spekerled gopher
Rinur Bekmansurov, shugaban Lower Kama Museum of Nature, shi ne farkon wanda ya yi magana game da raguwar yawan igiyoyin dawa na ƙasa. Wannan shi ne wurin shakatawa na kasa na jamhuriya. Rinur ya lura da cewa, bacewar jinsin na haifar da raguwar adadin mikiya da ake binnewa. Wadannan tsuntsayen ganima suna cin abincin gophers.
Tatarstan yana shirya wani shiri don kare ɓarna. Sunansa yana da alaƙa da launi. Halin dabba yana da damuwa kuma, yin la'akari da barazanar ƙarewa, akwai abin da za a yi hayaniya game da shi.
Kunamar ruwa
Legsafafun gabanta masu lankwasa kamar na pincers. Siffar jiki ma kamar ta kunama ce. Anan kamannun suka ƙare. Tsawon dabbar littafin Red bai wuce santimita 2 ba. Halittar, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, tana rayuwa a cikin ruwa. Kunama ba ta cizo kuma, a zahiri, kwari ne daga umarnin kwandunan kwari.
Fauna na Tatarstan kunamar ruwa tana wadatarwa ba tare da fahimta ba. Kwarin sun yi kama da ganye a kan ruwa. Sabili da haka, launin bug ɗin kore ne-ruwan kasa, kamar dai sun bushe.
Kurege
A cikin shekaru 70 na karnin da ya gabata, akwai fararen fata dubu 70 a cikin jamhuriya. Zuwa 2015, akwai ragowar sau 10. Mazaunin kujeru yanzu sun watse. Dalilan da suka sa aka sami koma baya a cikin jinsunan sune farauta, amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a harkar noma.
Babban farin zomo mai tsawon santimita 45-65. Rikodin mutum ne mai tsawon santimita 75 wanda nauyinsa yakai kilo 5.5.
Don kula da yawan jinsunan farauta, ana wakiltar wakilansu ta hanyar aikin kere kere tare da sake fitowa daga baya zuwa cikin mahalli. Don haka a cikin 2017, an aika agwagwa dubu 10, barewa 100, maral 50 zuwa faɗin Tatarstan. Wadannan na baya ba bred, amma an kawo su daga Altai.
