An fara kirga dabbobin daji a lokacin hunturu a Tatarstan. An tsara hanyoyin 1575. Tsawonsu ya wuce kilomita dubu 16. Daga cikin wadannan, 3312 sun ratsa ta cikin kasashen daji.
Kwamitin Jiha na Albarkatun Halittu na kasar ne ya sanar da fara kamfen din daga 1 ga watan Janairu. Fiye da nau'ikan nau'ikan vertebrates 400 da tsuntsaye nau'ikan 270 suna rayuwa a cikin dazukan ta. Kifaye daban-daban guda 60 suna iyo a cikin tafkunan Tatarstan.
Dabbobin daji na Tatarstan
Masu fasadi
Wolf
Shekaru da dama da suka gabata, an harbe kerkeci na jamhuriyya bisa tsarin siyasa. 'Yan daba sun kasance cikin cikakken hallaka. Karatun da aka yi daga baya sun nuna cewa ana bukatar kerkeci a matsayin jeri a cikin dazuzzuka.
Da farko dai, maharan suna kashe dabbobin da basu da lafiya, misali, barewa. Wannan yana dakatar da yaduwar cutar. Virwayoyin cuta na ganima galibi ba su da lahani ga kerkeci.
Kwakwalwar kerkeci ta fi ta kare girma. Wannan yana nuna karfin ikon kwakwalwa na mai farautar daji.
Ermine
Har zuwa tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata, wadannan dabbobin daji na Tatarstan sun kasance da yawa. Mafarauta kowace shekara suna farauta daga mutane dubu 4 zuwa 14. A cikin karni na 21, ana gano ermine kuma ana girbe shi akai-akai.
Kuskuren kuskuren dangin weasel ne kuma mai farauta ne. A waje, dabbar tana kama da weasel. Dabbar tana da lalata, mai saurin nutsuwa ne. Sabili da haka, haɗuwa da kuskuren shine sa'a. Dabbar tana iya gudu tare ba tare da an lura da ita ba.
Marten
Tsalle-tsalle yana tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe kuma kamar yadda fasaha ke motsawa a ƙasa. Mai farauta yana kama da kyanwa a cikin halayenta. Koyaya, dabbobi sune masu fafatawa. Kuliyoyin daji da shahidai sun raba yankin Tatarstan ba tare da shiga yankin mai fafatawa ba.
Dabbobin masu jin kunya suna son hawa cikin farfajiyar mutane, suna cin abinci a ƙwai da kaji. Kamawa martens ke da wuya. Mafarauta galibi ba a lura da su. Manoma sun sami mafita a cikin layin wutar, wanda ke ƙarƙashin ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki. Tana tsoratar da martini, ta bar su da rai.
Otter
Ya fi so ya zauna a cikin kogin Tatarstan. Ba safai ake samun sa a cikin tabkuna da tafkuna ba. A lokacin dumi, otters sun zaɓi wurin zama na dindindin. A lokacin sanyi, suna iya tafiyar kilomita 20 a rana. Yunwa na sa ka motsa. 'Yan daba sun yi ta yawo don neman abinci.
Daidaitawa zuwa yanayin kewaye, samar da abinci, otters na iya yin aiki dare da rana.
Ba shi da iko
Elk
Take kaiwa duniyar dabbobi na Tatarstan ta girman. Babu dabbobin da suka fi muza girma a cikin jamhuriya. Maza daga cikin nau'in suna samun 500 kg.
Kasancewa da mace daya, muz ya zabi abokin zama daya. Musamman manyan maza banda ne. Jin jin fifikon su, lokaci guda suna rufe mata 2-3.
Roe
Stableungiyoyin mutane suna zaune a gandun daji na Igimsky a gabashin Tatarstan. Kananan kungiyoyi ne ke rayuwa a gundumomin Aznakaevsky da Almetyevsky.
Backaƙƙarin dusar ƙanƙara ya ɗan yi kaɗan. Saboda haka, tsayin daka a croup ɗin dabba ya fi girma a kan bushewa.
Rodents
Steppe pestle
Rodaramin ɗan sanda na dangin hamster. A tsawon, dabba ita ce santimita 8-12. Ciyawar tana da nauyin gram 35. Theararren yana da ƙananan kunnuwa masu kunkuntar, idanun maɓallan baƙaƙe, tsiri mai duhu na furcin yana gudana ta bayan. Babban sautin kwarin ya yi launin toka-toka.
Kayan kwalliya suna zama a cikin stepes, suna zaɓar yankuna tare da ƙasashe masu sauƙin sauƙi, a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙasa baƙar fata. Beraji yana zaune a cikin ramuka. Nitsasu tsakanin yumbu mai yawa ko duwatsu yana da wuya.
Red vole
Yana fasalin gajeren wutsiya. Tsayinsa da wuya ya wuce santimita 4. Sauran voles a Tatarstan suna da manyan wutsiyoyi. Jimlar tsawon jan sandar ya kai kimanin santimita 12.
A cikin zurfin daji, jan jirgin yana neman kwaya. Hawan kan gonaki da lambuna, beraye yana cin shuka. Sau ɗaya a cikin gidan, jirgin yana tsaftace kayan abinci.
Fata hamster
"Jefa abokan gaba zuwa ƙasa" - wannan shine yadda ake fassara kalmar "hamster" daga tsohuwar yaren Austriya. Mutane sun lura cewa, wajen samun abinci, ɓoyayyiyar tanƙwara take da hatsi zuwa ƙasa.
Don lokacin hunturu, hamster mai launin toka yana adana kayan abinci har kilogram 90. Dabbar ba za ta iya cin abinci da yawa ba, amma tana tattara abinci don amfaninsu a nan gaba. Wannan garantin rayuwa ce mai wadatarwa a cikin sanyi.
Jemagu
Nordic da launuka masu launi biyu
Ana iya samun waɗannan jemagu a cikin mahakar Sarmanovo. A baya an haƙa ma'adinai a cikin ma'adinan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Yanzu jemagu sun zauna cikin tsarin hanyoyin-kogwanni.
Duk leathers suna da girman matsakaici, suna auna gram 8-14. Koyaya, gashin jemagu na arewa yayi launin ruwan kasa iri ɗaya. A cikin fata mai launuka biyu, nono da ciki haske ne, kuma baya na ƙasa ne.
Babban bikin maraice
Ya auna kusan gram 80. Babban ya faɗo kan fuka-fukan makamai. Idan aka kwatanta su da jiki, suna da girma sosai, suna buɗe kusan santimita 50.
Vechernitsi ya zauna a cikin ramin tsoffin itatuwa. A cikin "gida" guda 2-3 mutane ke aiki tare.
Cutar kwari
Babban bushiya
Ya fi son gandun daji da ke Tatarstan. A nan, dabbobi suna cin abincin kwari. Theaunar bushiya ga 'ya'yan itatuwa da namomin kaza tatsuniya ce.
Bakin bushiya zai iya cin arsenic, hydrocyanic acid, mercuric chloride kuma ya rayu. Guba da ke kashe mutane ba ta aiki a kan dabba mai shayarwa.
Othananan ƙananan
Yana da mollusc bivalve. Dabbar ta sami sunanta ne saboda rabin kokonsa ba shi da sanarwa. Waɗannan su ne, alal misali, a cikin sha'ir na lu'u-lu'u - wani maƙerin bivalve. Wasu sassan harsashinsa suna da ra'ayoyi wadanda suke rufe kamar hakora a zik din.
Toothless mazaunin sabo ne, tsaftataccen ruwa. Kullin yana buƙatar oxygen mai yawa. Dangane da haka, dabbobi suna zaɓar ruwan da ke gudana.
Dabbobin Tatarstan da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja
Muskrat
Yana nufin abubuwan tarihi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya wadanda suka bayyana miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata kuma ba a sami sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci ba.
Desman kwayar ruwa ce. Mujallar "Vokrug Sveta" ta kira halittar kwari "makaho jirgin ruwa makaho." Dabba yana daidaitacce tare da taimakon ji, ƙanshi, kunna zuwa magnetic filayen Duniya.
Desman, kamar ƙirar tawadar ƙarƙashin ƙasa, yana kewayawa ba tare da samun idanu a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba
Asu na sosa
Yayi kama da jemage na Brandt. Jemage ya rikice mata har zuwa 1970. Bayan sun ware jemagu a matsayin jinsinsu daban, masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sun lura da yaduwar sa. Koyaya, a cikin Tatarstan, yawancin ba su da yawa.
Jemage mai ƙwanƙwasawa ya kai kimanin gram 10. An rufe bakin dabbar da gashin laushi. Waɗannan nau'ikan eriya ne waɗanda ke ba linzamin kwamfuta bayanai game da sarari, hanyar jirgin sama, da wurin abubuwa.
Ushan ruwan kasa
Hakanan jemage, amma da kunnuwa kamar kurege. Tsawon kwasfa na waje daidai yake da tsayin jikin dabbar. Kuna iya ganinta a cikin dazukan da ke cikin Tatarstan. Ushan an haɗa shi ba kawai a cikin Littafin Ja ba, har ma a cikin na Turai.
A lokacin hunturu, jemage mai kunnuwan ruwan kasa mai dogon kunne yana shiga cikin bacci, kamar beyar. Maimakon kwanciya a cikin kogo, linzamin ya zaɓi ya rataye a keɓantaccen wuri akan reshe.
Chipmunk Asiya
Wakilin jinsin kawai a Eurasia, na dangin squirrel ne. Ya bambanta da squirrels na chipmunks ta motsi da layuka 5 masu duhu akan baya. Zanen yana kan bangon ocher-ja.
Akwai wasu nau'ikan 25 na chipmunks, amma duk suna zaune a Amurka. Dalilin asalin sunan jinsunan Asiya ya zama bayyananne. Wakilanta sun zaɓi taiga tare da itacen al'ul da itacen al'ul. A irin wadannan wuraren ne ya kamata a nemi dabbar a cikin Tatarstan.
Dormouse
Ba kawai a ciki ba dabbobin littafin Red Book na Tatarstanamma har da jerin ƙasashe masu kariya. A waje, dormouse karami ne da alheri. Tsawon dabba bai wuce santimita 12 ba. Ba sa haɗa doguwar doguwar bishiya mai kwatanta jiki. Ya kai kimanin santimita 12.
Sonia Sonia baya kusa da agogo. Dabba yana aiki da dare. Dabbar tana bacci da rana.
Babban jerboa
In ba haka ba, ana kiran sa zomo mai yatsu biyar, kodayake yana cikin umarnin beraye. Dabbar tana da dogon wutsiya tare da tassel na farin farin ulu a ƙarshen. Ulu ulu ba ta girma tare da kayan kwalliya, amma an shimfide ta. Wannan yana sa jelar jerboa tayi kama da almara.
Dabbar ma tana yi musu aiki. Lokacin da jerboa yayi tsalle kaifi zuwa gefe, wutsiyar ta karkata zuwa kishiyar shugabanci. Yana taimaka wajen kiyaye daidaito, don zama mai saurin aiki. Ba don komai ba cewa manyan jerboas sukan bar ta ƙarƙashin hancin mafarautan.
Jananan jerboas suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka da gandun daji Tatarstan. Dabbobin da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja ba yan kadan bane kawai, amma kuma da kyar mutane suka iya gani, tunda basuda komai.
Marsh kunkuru
Jimlar tsawon dabbar ta kai santimita 32. 23 daga cikinsu suna cikin karapace. Wata doguwar jela tana fitowa daga ƙasan ta, kamar ƙadangare.
Kunkuru na fadama shine mazaunin Asiya na asali. Ya bambanta da sunan nau'in, wakilansa na iya zama a cikin tafki, tabkuna, magudanan ruwa, kogin shanu, da ambaliyar ruwa. Babban yanayin shine tsaye, ko kuma ruwa mai rauni da yake kwarara.
Brown kai
A cikin Tatarstan, bears galibi suna rayuwa ne a yankunan Kukmorsky da Sabinsky. An tsara jinsin a cikin Littafin Ja bayan dogon rikici. Masana ilmin namun daji ba su yarda da lambobin mutane da ra'ayoyi game da yanayin yawan jama'a ba. A sakamakon haka, an saka ƙafar kwancen a cikin jeren, don yin magana, kawai idan akwai.
Sunan kafar ƙafa ya ƙunshi kalmomi biyu na Slavic "zuma" da "shine". A takaice dai, bears dabbobi ne da ke cin zaƙin kudan zuma.
Medyanka
Yana ciyar da kadangaru. Tunda 'yan kadan ne daga cikinsu, akwai' yan jan karfe kadan. Macizai masu cin kwadi da beraye suna da damar hayayyafa.
Copperhead ya bambanta da sauran macizai masu launin launin toka, jajayen idanu. Hakanan akwai haske mai haske a cikin ma'aunin maza. Gashi na mata launin ruwan kasa ne.
Sabbin labarai
Babban tudu yana gudana tare da bayan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Saboda haka sunan nau'in. A shekarar 1553, lokacin da aka gano dabbar, aka sanya mata suna kadangarun ruwa. Daga baya suka gano kandami newt. Hakanan ana samunsa a cikin Tatarstan, yana da ƙaramar tsefe kuma ƙarami ne. Adadin nau'in kandami ya yi karko. Sabon comt yana da rauni.
A tsayin daka, sabon maƙerin dutsen ya kai santimita 18, yayi nauyi har zuwa gram 14. Jiki yana dumama ta hanyar shan dumamar yanayi. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa digiri 6, sai dabbar ta kan yi bacci, ta kan shiga cikin tarin tsakuwa da ciyayi.
Marbled crested sabon
Gizo-gizo azurfa
Gashi da ke rufe jikin gizogizon yana kama tarkon iska. Suna tattarawa a cikin wani nau'in kumfa. Hasken da ke cikinsu ya sake narkewa, yana sanya jikin dabbar ya bayyana azurfa. A zahiri, gizo-gizo launin ruwan kasa ne tare da baƙon cephalothorax.
Kifin azurfa na iya kewaye kansa da kumfa na iska, tunda yana rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Dabbar tana numfashi tare da sararin samaniya. Serebryanka dole ne ya fito lokaci-lokaci, yana ɗaukar iska.
Tarantula
A cikin labaran labarai akwai batutuwa kamar su: - "Jamhuriyar ta afkawa da wasu keɓaɓɓu na tarantula." Fauna na Tatarstan sun kara kimanin shekaru 4 da suka gabata. Tarantulas ta Rasha ta Kudu sun koma jamhuriya. Cizon su yana da guba, wanda yake daidai da zafi da hujin ƙaho. Fatar itching, rauni ya kumbura. Wani mazaunin Naberezhnye Chelny shine farkon wanda ya fara fuskantar wannan a cikin Tatarstan. Gizo-gizo ya ciji wata mace a cikin 2014.
Duk da gubarsa, tarantula tana da mahimmanci saboda yana da wuya a jamhuriya. Yayinda manema labaru ke sanya labarai masu ban tsoro, masanan dabbobi suna lissafa gizo-gizo a matsayin jinsin kariya.
Swallowtail
Yana da babban malam buɗe ido mai faɗi har tsawon santimita 10. Fuka-fukan baya na dabba suna da sirara, dogaye masu girma da alamun zagaye ja.
Gwanin haɗiye yana da makiya da yawa. Waɗannan tsuntsayen kwari ne, da tururuwa, da gizo-gizo. Yawan butterflies yana raguwa saboda halakarwa ba daga mutane ba, amma daga magabtan duniya.
Tsuntsayen Tatarstan
Passerine
Blue tit fari
Saboda kyawawan halinta mutane suna yi mata laƙabi da yarima. Tsuntsu yana da farin kai da ciki. Bayan dabba mai launin shuɗi ne, kuma fikafikansa shuɗi ne mai tsabta. Gashin fikafikan da ke saman shuɗin shuɗin an ɗaga, kamar hular kwano.
A cikin girman Tatarstan, shudayen shudaye suna zaɓar dazuzzuka masu ambaliyar ruwa tare da kaurin willow da alder.
Remez talakawa
Birdananan tsuntsu mai nauyin gram 11. Yawanci, mutane suna samun gram 7. An fassara sunan Jamusanci mai gashin tsuntsu kamar "reed tit". Tsuntsayen suna da kama, launi mai hankali, ƙarami mai girma. Saboda haka misalin.
Sun fi son zama a cikin ciyawa. Dangane da haka, a cikin Tatarstan, garken "tsuntsaye" suna zaɓar yankunan fadama.
Grebe
Adunƙarar toka mai wuya
Fuka-fukai a wuya da ƙirjin tsuntsun an yi musu fentin orange-ja. Wannan launi shima yana nan a gefen kai. Akwai scaranyen jan gyaɗu na gashin tsuntsu wanda yayi kama da digon gashi.
A cikin Tatarstan, ana samun tsuntsaye masu jan wuya a cikin ƙaramin fadama, tabkuna, kogin kwalliya. Girman tsuntsayen yana kama da agwagwa, wanda ba safai yakai nauyi gram 500 ba.
Gilashin Grebe-kunci
Ita ma wuyanta ja ne, amma a lokacin bazara. Babu gyale a kan kai. Hannun toadstool baƙi ne kuma kumatun launin toka ne. Bayyanar tsuntsu kwatankwacin taɓarɓar grebe. Koyaya, akwai layuka farare tsakanin kwalliyar da kuncin.
Man shafawa mai launin toka-ƙwai yana ba da ƙwai 26 kowane ɗayan kuma nau'ikan kariya ne. Idan aka yi la’akari da yawan haihuwa na dabba, sai masana kimiyyar halittar jiki suka dimauce game da dalilin halakarsa. Sun yi zunubi kan lalata gidajen da manoma ke cin su.
Itace itace
Mai itace uku-itace
An samo shi a arewacin taiga na Tatarstan. Akan paafafun tsuntsu, maimakon yatsu 4 na 3 3. Wani fasalin rarrabe shine "hular" rawaya a saman gashin fuka-fukai.
Ba a karancin katako mai yatsu uku da ƙarancin karatu, tun da ya hau zuwa jejin taiga, yana jagorantar salon ɓoye-ɓoye.
A cikin hoton mai katako itace mai yatsu uku
Hoopoe
Hoopoe
Bayyana sautuka waɗanda suka haɗu zuwa kalmomin "mara kyau a nan." Sautin waƙar hoopoe yana yaudara. Jinsi mai nau'in fuka-fukai mai yawan magana ne a lokacin bazara, lokacin kiwo. Yana da wuya cewa tsuntsayen ba su da kyau a lokacin saduwarsu.
Saurari muryar kofa
Gwanin gama gari yana zaune a Tatarstan. Wannan daya ne daga cikin kananan tsuntsaye guda 10. Na kowa yana da launi mai haske. A bangon ocher, ana iya ganin ratsiyoyi masu launi a tarnaƙi. A saman kansa, hoopoe yana sanya ƙyallen lemu. Ga alama fan. Mamansa duhu ne.
Stork
Sha babban
A tsawon ya kai santimita 70, na iya auna kusan kilo 2. Hakanan kukan mai karfi na tsuntsaye, wanda ke tuna da hayaniyar bijimi. Kuna iya jin wannan daga nisan kilomita 3-4 daga dacin.
Saurari muryar babban abin sha
Manyan ɗakuna masu ɗaci akan tsutsa. Zaɓin wuri baƙon abu ne ga sauran tsuntsaye, kamar yadda tsarin ginin yake. Haushi ya sa gurbi mummunan. Ya fi yawan tarin ganyayyaki bazuwar.
Haushi
A tsayi, gashin fuka-fuki ya kai santimita 36, yana da kusan gram 150. A cikin maza da mata na jinsin, launi daban-daban. Daga cikin storks, wannan banda ne. Mata na ɗan ƙaramin ɗaci suna launin ruwan kasa tare da zane-zane. Maza suna sanya baƙin "hular" a kawunansu. Tana haske koren. Hakanan yanayin sautin abin da ke jikin plumage a fuka-fukan tsuntsu.
Ananan wuraren ɗacin ɗaci a bakin bankunan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ke da ciyawar ciyawa. Daga cikin ciyayi, gashin fuka-fukin daya hade yake. Don gaskatawa, ɗacin yakan yi ihu kamar sandar iska.
Bitaramin ɗaci
Collitz
Ya kai mita a tsayi, samun nauyin kusan kilogram 2. Ya banbanta da sauran tsuntsaye ta bakin sa yana faɗaɗa a ƙarshen. Rawaya ce, wacce ke tuna da kwankwason sukari. Tsuntsayen suna da alama suna yanka ruwan da bakinsu, a lokaci guda suna kamun kifin don ƙwayoyin sauro da sauran kwari.
Spoonbills sun fi son zama cikin dausayi. A Tatarstan, ana kare jinsin saboda karancinsa.
Flamingos
Flamingo na gama gari
Kamar sauran flamingos, wanda jinsinsu 6, na orkan stork ne. Flamwararrun masanan sun kirkiro ƙungiyar flamingos shekaru biyu da suka gabata.
Tare da cormorants da tern, flamingos masu ruwan hoda sune tsoffin tsuntsaye a Duniya. Jinsin sun bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 50 da suka gabata. A cikin yankuna na tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, ana samun flamingos a cikin tsaunukan Kirgizistan da kuma a tafkunan Tatarstan.
An kare nau'in. A zamanin da, an farautar tsohuwar tsuntsaye. A lokacin bazara, flamingos yana narkewa sosai. Idan ba da lemo ba, dabbobi ba za su iya tashi ba. Mafarauta sun yi amfani da wannan a da.
Kamar akuya
Ruwan dare gama gari
Girman katako, ya kai santimita 28 a tsayi, yana da nauyin gram 65-95. Gwanaye masu rarrafe ana rarrabe su da gajerun kafafu. Tsuntsu na iya tsayawa, amma da alama yana zaune.Ba a ganin ƙafafu daga ƙarƙashin jiki. An rufe shi da gashin fuka-fukai, na gani yana ƙara girman rigar dare.
Tsuntsu ya samo sunanta ne saboda sanannen imani. Lura da cewa tsuntsaye suna zagaye kan rumfunan da daddare, mutane sun yanke shawarar cewa baƙi suna shan shanu, suna shan madara. A hakikanin gaskiya, mafararrun dare suna kama kwari da ke zagaye tare da marasa kulawa. Tsuntsaye suna farauta da daddare domin suna hutawa da rana.
Anseriformes
Bugun baƙi
Ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi sauƙi daga cikin geese. Tsuntsu bai wuce kilo 2 ba, kuma bai wuce tsawon santimita 60 ba.
Duk da sunan, Goose baƙon fata ne kawai. Wutsiyar tsuntsu fari ce. Hakanan akwai fuka-fukai masu haske a jikin fikafikan. Jikin ruwan kasa ne. An zana kai da wuya a baki.
Mujiya
Mujiya
Tsuntsayen sun sami suna, kwatankwacin kukanta: - "Baccin-barci". Ana jin muryar mujiya a dare. Tsuntsu ba ya aiki a rana.
Saurari muryar wani sirrin mujiya
An kare jinsin a cikin Tatarstan. Lambobin mujiya na Scops suna faduwa saboda amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a harkar noma. Samun shiga cikin gizagizan da mujiya ke cin abinci a kansu, guba masu cutar gubar, suna haifar da maye gurbi da cututtuka.
Babban mujiya
Ana nuna alamun baki a ƙarƙashin bakin tsuntsu. Tun daga nesa suke kamar gemu. Saboda haka sunan mujiya. Jinsi ne mai kariya, ya bambanta da mujiya mai tsawon lokaci, wanda shima yake zaune a Tatarstan.
Babban Girman Owl ya fi son zama a cikin daddaɗa, tsoffin dazuzzuka kusa da fadama. Wani lokacin owls na yin gida a kan iyaka tare da sharewa.
Mujiya
Karami, karami mai kaifi. Kafafuwanta an rufe ta da gashin tsuntsu, gami da yatsun kafa. Saboda haka sunan tsuntsu. Tana farauta, kai hare-hare tare da rufe idanu. Don haka mujiya tana kiyaye gabobin gani daga lalacewa. Mene ne idan wanda aka azabtar ya fara kare kansa?
Babban abin da mujiya take farauta shi ne voles. Tana lalata ɓeraye, tsuntsun yana tsaye kan amfanin gona.
Falconiformes
Buzzard na landasar
Na shaho ne, amma ƙafafu suna da fikafikan ƙafa, kamar gaggafa. Mai farautar yana da tsawon santimita 50-60. Tsawon fikafikan ya kai mita 1.5 kuma yakai gram 1700.
Yankunan ungulu sun daidaita kansu ta ƙasa da ta iska, la'akari da nasu kusan mita 250 sama da farfajiyar. Idan wani baƙon ya mamaye wannan sararin samaniyar, ana kawo musu hari.
Matakan jirgin ruwa
Ya yi fice tare da dogayen fikafikansa masu kaifi da wutsiya ɗaya. Daga cikin sauran masu cutar, mafi sauki, kamar dai launin toka-toka. Saboda haka sunan tsuntsu. Launin lawanta yana kama da saman wata.
A cikin Tatarstan, ana samun jigilar a cikin yankuna masu tsayi da gandun daji. A can, mai farautar farautar rodents, kadangaru da kananan tsuntsaye.
Matakan jirgin ruwa
Wuyan baki
Daga cikin tsuntsayen Tatarstan, baƙin ungulu ne mafi girma. Fuka-fukin tsuntsun ya kai mita 3. Dabbar na da nauyin kilogram 12. Ungulu ta goyi bayan wannan taro ta hanyar ciyar da gawar. Fashin gashin kansa daya ya karya tare da kaifi mai kaifi da baki mai karfi.
A cikin Tatarstan, ana samun baƙon ungulu a cikin yankin Aznakayevsky, saboda ta fi son ƙasa mai duwatsu. Ana ɗaukar jinsin a matsayin ɓatacciyar hanya zuwa jamhuriya. Gidajen Scavenger a Kudancin Turai.
Kaman kurciya
Klintukh
Wannan kurciya ce ta daji. Ba kamar birane ba, yana guje wa mutane, yana zama a cikin dazuzzuka. Can tsuntsun ya sauka a cikin ramin tsoffin itatuwa. Yanke irin wannan yana haifar da raguwar yawan nau'in.
A waje, cintu kusan ba a iya rarrabe shi da kurciya. Tsuntsin daji ya banbanta da sautin yayin tashi. Klintukh yana fitar da kaɗan, bushewa "bayanan kula" tare da fikafikansa.
Kurciya gama gari
Dabbar tana da tsawon santimita 30 kuma tana da nauyin gram 150. Girman ya dace da kurciya gama gari. Koyaya, ana ganin zobe mai duhu a wuyan kurciya. Wannan shine abinda ya banbanta jinsin.
Kunkuru mai kaura ne. Daga Satumba zuwa Mayu, tsuntsun yana zaune ne a Afirka. Kurciya kunkuru sun koma Tatarstan da farkon bazara.
Charadriiformes
Mai tsaro
Smallan ƙaramin tsuntsu ne mai doguwar ƙafa da siriri, mai tsayi baki. Tsaron ba safai yake ba, na ƙaura ne. A cikin Tatarstan, wakilan jinsunan sun zauna a cikin filayen da ke cikin kogunan ruwa.
Girman yawan jama'a yana fama da huɗa gonaki. A sakamakon haka, filayen ambaliyar sun bushe. Shanun shanu a cikin gona suna damun masu gadi.
Crane kamar
Gwanin launin toka
A cikin karnin da ya gabata, an rarraba shi a arewacin Tatarstan. A cikin karni na 21, yawan jama'a ya ragu. Ba a haɗa da crane mai launin toka a cikin littafin Red Book na ƙasar ba, amma yana kusa da sanya shi cikin jerin.
A tsayi, crane mai launin toka ya kai santimita 115, yana buɗe fukafukinsa da kusan santimita 200. Tsuntsayen ya kai kilo 5-6.
Kifin na Tatarstan
Sturgeon
Beluga
Kunshe a ciki rareananan dabbobin Tatarstan... Kifin teku. Yana shiga cikin kogunan ƙasar don yin spawn. Ana baje kolin beluga mai nauyin kilogram 966 da tsawon santimita 420 a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Yankin Astrakhan. Akwai sanannun lokuta na kama mutane-mita 9 waɗanda nauyinsu bai kai kilogram dubu 2 ba. Babu babban kifi a cikin ruwan sabo.
An fassara sunan beluga daga Latin zuwa "alade". Ma'anar tana cikin ƙungiyoyin da jikin mutum na dabba ke haifar da shi, launinsa na launin toka, gajere da ɗan haske mai ɗan haske da bakin mai kauri mai kauri. Bugu da kari, beluga yana da komai, kamar alade.
Rasha sturgeon
A dabi'a, shi ma ya zama abin kaɗan. Amma a cikin gundumar Laishevsky da ke Tatarstan, a lokacin bazarar 2018, suna da niyyar buɗe wata masana'anta don ƙwarewar masana'antu da beluga. Suna da niyyar karɓar tan 50 na jan kifi mai kasuwa a kowace shekara. Bugu da ƙari, suna shirin kiwo sterlet. Ita ma na sturgeon ne, wanda ba safai a cikin daji da dadi ba.
A cikin shekarar 2018, a cikin Tatarstan, an kirkiri wani kwastomomi "filayen samar da mahaifa na Sterlet" wanda ke da fadin hekta 1,750. A cikin yankunan da aka kiyaye, an hana ayyukan da ke barazanar barazanar kifi, amma an ba da izinin kamun kifi da kamun kifi don binciken kimiyya.
Kifi
Brook kifi
Wannan kifin ne har tsawon santimita 55 kuma nauyinsa yakai kilogram. Dabbar ta kasance talakawa a ƙasashen Tatarstan har zuwa farkon kashi na uku na karnin da ya gabata. Bayan wannan, yawan jama'a ya fara raguwa. An kare nau'in yanzu.
Ruwan rafin yana da launi mai haske, wanda ake yiwa kifin lakabi da ƙura a tsakanin mutane. Akwai ma'auni ja, baƙi, fari. Suna "warwatse" a haɗe bisa kifaye, kamar rikitarwa.
Taimako na kowa
A cikin dangin salmon, taimen shine mafi girma. Wani lokacin sukan kama kifi mai mita 2 wanda nauyin sa bai wuce kilogram 100 ba. Ganyayyaki ba safai ba. Yawancin lokaci, ana kama taimen a cikin isar Kamsky.
Kafin tsara ƙa'idojin Volga da Kama, taimen ya kasance mazaunin kogin Tatarstan.
Turawan Turai
Kamar launin toka na Siberia, ya fi son kogin sanyi mai sanyi. Dole ne ruwan ya zama mai tsabta. Naman gishiri kamar haske ne da taushi. Yawan nau'in yana raguwa. A cikin karni na 20, an kama launin tokawar Turai a Tatarstan a sikelin masana'antu.
Greyling kifi ne mai farauta. Abincin ganima shine invertebrates na cikin ruwa da kwari.
Balitoria
Taskar mustachioed
Kifi mai ƙananan, mirgina, jikin lulluɓinsa. Ba a matsa kan kai a kaikaice. Akwai tarkon karkashin lebban naman jiki. An gano dabba a cikin 1758. A ƙarshen karni na 20 da na 21, an haɗa char a cikin littafin Red Book na Tatarstan.
Jadawalin bashi da darajar tattalin arziki. Farin naman kifi shara ne. Raguwar mutane ya fi alaƙa da buƙatun dabba na mahalli. Jirgin yana son ruwa mai tsabta.
Irin kifi
Ide
A waje kama da roach. Manufa tana da babban goshi da karkataccen baki. Jikin kifin yana matse shi ta gefe, yana sama. Ana iya samun kyakkyawan tsari a cikin yawancin ruwa na Tatarstan. Yankunan da ke yaduwa suna haifar da salon farauta.
Manufa a cikin Tatarstan ba kifi bane kawai, har ma suna ne. Misali, sanannen sanannen likitan girke-girke ne. Viktor Yaz har ma ya fitar da shirin girke-girke "Yaz kan abinci". Daga cikin abincin da aka gabatar akwai wadanda kuma aka yi su bisa naman kifin.
Irin kifi
Kifi mafi yawa a cikin Tatarstan. Dabbar tana da halaye na mai shan kwaya. Crucian irin kifi na iyo don kamshin tafarnuwa, corvalol, valerian, kananzir, man kayan lambu. Waɗannan samfuran ba sa cikin abincin kifin mai ƙira, amma yana son ƙanshin. Sabili da haka, masunta galibi sukan cika ƙwallan burodi tare da ƙamshi mai ƙanshi.
Daga cikin irin kifi, Crucian irin kifi shi ne mafi rashin tabbas. Yana da wahala ka hango yadda da kuma inda kifin zai ciji.
Irin kifi
Haka kuma ana kiransa gama-gari irin kifi. Saboda yawan abin da yake da shi, ana yi wa dabbar laƙabi da kogin alade. Anan irin kifin zai iya gogayya da beluga.
Katifan yana da kauri, jiki mai tsayin gaske. Sun kama samfurin mitoci masu nauyin kilo 32. Koyaya, a cikin girman Tatarstan, rikodin kilogram 19 ne.
Chekhon
An tsara shi kamar mai tsagewa. Bayan kifin a madaidaiciya yake, kuma ciki mai juzu'i ne, kamar ruwa. Yana kiyaye sabrefish a cikin garken, yana da darajar kasuwanci. Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, adadin dabba ya ragu sosai. A wasu yankuna na Tatarstan, an ayyana sabrefish a matsayin jinsin kariya.
Fi son jikin ruwa mai kyau, sabrefish na iya rayuwa a cikin teku. Saboda haka, wasu masunta suna kiran dabbar ba mai wayo bane, amma herring ne.
Gorchak talakawa
Carananan katako na Tatarstan. A tsayi, kifin ya kai kimanin santimita 10. A waje, dacin yana kama da kifi, amma baya na dabba shudiya ce.
Kamar irin kifin kifi, gorchak ya fi son tafkuna da tabkuna tare da raƙuman ruwa ko raƙuman ruwa.
Bishiyoyi
Zander
Ya bambanta a cikin nama mai daɗi. A waje, ana rarrabe kifin ta kai da tsawo. A kan kasusuwa na operculum, kamar a cikin yawancin raƙuman ruwa, spines suna fitowa. Theayoyi da ƙafafun dabba.
A cikin ruwayen Tatarstan, pike perch ya yadu kuma yana da darajar kasuwanci. Wasu mutane sun kai tsawon santimita 113 a tsayi, suna samun nauyin kilogram 18.
Perch
A matsayinta na babban wakilin dangi, tana da tarar dorsal. Wannan alama ce ta rarrabewa ta dukkan abubuwa. Yawancin wuraren da ke Tatarstan an kama su a cikin yankin Izhminvod.
Perch baya samun sama da gram 700. Matsakaicin nauyin kifi shine gram 400. A tsawon ya kai santimita 40. Koyaya, akwai nau'in halittun ruwa na perch. Waɗannan na iya auna kilo 14.
Majajjawa
Siffar gama gari
Yana son tsarkakakken ruwa. Ya kamata su zama mara zurfi, tare da ƙasa mai duwatsu. Bukatun kifin ya takaita yadda ake rarraba shi. Difficultyarin wahalar shine "zamantakewar jama'a" na kifi. Podkamenniks masu ladabi ne.
A tsayi, maɓallin dutsen ya girma har zuwa santimita 15. Kifin yana da fadi da kai kuma jiki ya takura zuwa wutsiya. Fikafikan fage suna baje kamar fikafikan malam buɗe ido.
Mazaunan wuraren ajiya da kuma abubuwan tunawa na yau da kullun suna jin mafi aminci a cikin Tatarstan. Na karshen sun hada da, misali, Mount Chatyr-Tau. Coloungiyar marmot tana rayuwa a kan tudu. Hakanan akan Chatyr-Tatu akwai nau'ikan Red Book herbs daban-daban.
