Daya daga cikin mafi yawan wakilan kwari ya yadu sosai a duniyar fauna. Beasa irin ƙasa a cikin hoton a sarari yana nuna fa'idar bayyanarsa a matsayin katuwar ƙwaro.
Adadin nau'ikan sama da 3000 a cikin Tarayyar Rasha suna ƙaruwa suna ƙaruwa kowace shekara. Duniya tana kirga nau'in 25,000-50,000. Ta hanyar rayuwa, yana daga cikin masu cin nama, daga cikin abin da kwari na gida suka zama muhimmiyar ɓangare.
Fasali da mazauninsu
Coleoptera ƙasa irin ƙwaro, bayanin babban iyali ya bambanta da halaye masu zuwa:
- girman;
- tsarin waje;
- da fom;
- canza launi;
- chaetotaxy - matsayin bristles;
- tsarin al'aura.
Beasa irin ƙwaro yana da wasu sunaye: talakawa, lambu, daji. Girman ya bambanta daga mafi ƙanƙan -1 mm zuwa fiye da cm 10. Siffar jiki kuma ta bambanta. Baya ga halayyar da aka zagaye da ruwan tabarau na biconvex ko mai kama da ganye, ya ƙunshi nau'in elongated ko oval.
Farfalon santsi ne, mai kaushin jiki ko mara nauyi. Jinsunan kogon suna kama da tururuwa, wakiltar jikin kwalliya tare da zurfafawa a baya da kuma babban kai.
Kogon ƙwaro
Wasu jinsunan da ke zaune a rairayin bakin teku masu yashi, tare da siffofi masu zagaye, suna kama da 'ladybug'.
Ana iya tantance jima'i na kwari ta hanyar yanayin jiki da wurin da aka saita saitin akan ɓangaren dubura. Maza yawanci sun fi mata girma. Headauke raunin rauni cikin kirji ko zuwa idanu yana duban gaba, yana ƙarewa da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ƙanƙara da babba.
Siffar su ta kasance saboda nau'in abinci. Yawancin masu farauta suna da alamun dogon hawan sama a cikin sikila (mai saurin ɗaukewa), wanda ke riƙe ganimar. Anyi amfani da shuke-shuken shuke-shuke tare da muguwar jaws don nika tsire-tsire.
Idanun masu girma dabam daban, daga babba a cikin diurnal ko wakilai masu rauni, zuwa musamman raguwa a cikin nau'in parasitic. Da yawa kogo da nau'ikan ƙasa suna da girman matsakaici. Whisunƙun da aka ci gaba sun kasance da ƙarfi.
Rabin gaban goshin yana dauke da raɗaɗɗen raɗaɗi: mai tsayi shine tsagi na gaba, gajere shi ne fossa na gaba. Sashin ji yana a tsakiya ko a gindin ƙashin ƙugu.
Eriya eriya tana da tsaho ɗaya ko fiye. A cikin maza, eriya suna da tsayi. An gabatar da kirji a siffofi daban-daban. Nau'in kunkuntar sa yana inganta kyakkyawan motsi. An rarrabe nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan jiki.
Yawancin kwaroro suna tashi mara kyau ko kuma basu tashi kwata-kwata, suna amfani da fikafikan su kawai don watsewa. A cikin masu tashi, da wuya elytra ya rufe ciki kusan gaba daya. Lyarancin ci gaba ko rashi elytra a wasu jinsunan wani lokacin suna girma tare.
Dogayen dogaye da siraran kafafu tare da tarsus mai kashi 5 sun dace da gudu da tafiya. Motsi Agile yana da alaƙa da dukiyar rauni ko rasa jirgi. Maza sun bambanta da mata a cikin sassan da aka faɗaɗa.
A cikin wakilan burrow, sun fi kauri. Tashin gaba ya ƙunshi ƙira - gabobi don tsabtace eriya. Tare da taimakon ɓangaren ɓangaren kambori, ƙwaro ya haɗu da manne sosai kuma ya riƙe tsiron.
Launin kwari yana da bambanci sosai tare da fifikon launuka masu duhu. Bakan gizo tint da ƙarfe tint suna da yawa sosai. Irin waɗannan wakilan masu launi masu launi sun haɗa da mafi girma - Caucasian irin ƙwaro, kai tsawon 6 cm.
Wani mazaunin Arewacin Caucasus an haɗa shi a ƙarƙashin kariyar Red Book of Russia. Jikin beetle mai haske shudi mai launin shuɗi ko koren launi tare da ƙyallen ƙarfe a ƙasan.
Membobin gidan suna da filastik na muhalli mai ban mamaki kuma ana rarraba su ko'ina daga sanyi tundra zuwa gandun daji masu zafi da hamada. Baya ga Rasha, galibi ana iya samun su a cikin Ukraine, Moldova, Ingila, Sweden, Kudancin Amurka da Arewacin Afirka.
Suna zaune galibi a cikin babba na ƙasa ko a kanta, wani lokacin a cikin bishiyoyi. Su mazaunan yanayi ne mai tsananin danshi, suna son tsarin matsakaita yanayin matsakaici.
Caucasian irin ƙwaro
Hali da salon rayuwa
Waro irin ƙwaro yana da yanayin rayuwa. Suna zaune ne a cikin kananan kungiyoyi wadanda suka kunshi jinsuna daban-daban na dangin. Gidan yana cikin ƙananan yadudduka na ƙasa, ƙarƙashin duwatsu, a gindin bishiyoyi da ciyawa. An ƙananan speciesan ƙananan ne kawai suka fi so su zauna a kan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi.
Ayyukan yau da kullun masu mahimmanci na beetles suna rarraba su cikin nau'ikan 3:
- rana;
- dare;
- kullum.
Ainihin, kwari suna sanya su cikin rayuwar dare, yayin da suke farautar abinci. Godiya ga iko da gaɓoɓi masu ƙarfi, suna hanzari zuwa nesa mai nisa, wanda suka karɓi sunaye - masu gudu da masu gudu.
Lokacin rana ya gama cika a mafakar su. Don hunturu, zuwa ƙarshen lokacin sanyi na kaka, suna huɗa cikin ƙasa har zuwa bazara. Tare da farawar dumi, suna tashi zuwa saman kuma suna ci gaba da ayyukansu masu mahimmanci.
Laƙabi da bam ɗin bamabamai Kirimiya da ƙwaro samu saboda ruwa mai kariya a cikin glandar jikin mutum. Jefa shi ga abokan gaba, yana jin haɗari da kuma bin sa.
Cakuda mai daɗin ƙamshi mai guba ya kai zafin jiki mai zafi lokacin da aka sake shi kuma ya fashe tare da dannawa mai ƙarfi, nan take ya ƙafe cikin yanayin gajimare. Mai firgita mai firgita tare da ƙonewa mai saurin ɗaukar gudu. Adadin reagents ya isa 15 zuwa 35 volleys.
Gina Jiki
Daga cikin dangin kwari, akwai nau'ikan da ke hade da nau'ikan abinci wadanda suke cin abincin shuka da na dabbobi.
Genus Ground ƙwaro ci:
- kwari;
- kifin kifi;
- kwari;
- katantanwar innabi;
- tsutsar ciki;
- phytophages;
- kayan lambu.
Mai farautar yana ɓoye abin farautarsa a ɓoye ko kuma kamawa da sauri tare da taimakon dogayen dogayen kafafu. Godiya ga narkewar abinci na hanji, tana riƙe shi da muƙamuƙi masu ƙarfi, yana zubo sirri daga hanji na tsakiya don laushin nama mai taushi.
Duk wani murfin chitinous yana ba da kansa sauƙi cikin ƙarfin jaws. Tsarin sha da narkewa yana faruwa da sauri daga awanni 2 zuwa 4, juya zuwa gruel mai ruwa. Lokacin cin katantanwa, sai ta cinye mollusk din kanta, ta bar gidanta cikakke. Wani ƙwarin da ya koshi ya huda cikin ƙasa na wasu kwanaki.
Ganye ƙasa irin ƙwaro wani kwaro ne na amfanin gona a cikin filayen inda koyaushe yake ɓata lokaci. Yana son hatsi na alkama, sha'ir da hatsin rai. Da dare yakan hau kan kunnuwa yana cin hatsi.
Bayan girbi, yana mai da hankali sosai a wuraren da hatsi ya zube. Har ila yau, yana amfani da ciyawa, yana liƙa ganyen ƙananan yara kuma yana barin tsirrai kawai. Tana jin daɗin tsire-tsire da fure kan furanni cikin farin ciki.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Beasa irin ƙwaro yana nufin beetles na tsawon lokaci - daga 3 zuwa 5 shekaru. Juyin rayuwar kwari a hankali yakan wuce daga ƙwai zuwa tsutsa, pupa da imago. Lokacin kiwo yana farawa bayan lokacin bazara, wanda yawanci yakan faru a cikin watan Afrilu.
Gurasa irin ƙwaro
Mace daya tana ciyar da kama guda ɗaya na ƙwai 50-80 kai tsaye cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin cm 3. Saboda wannan sai ta zaɓi wuri mai danshi da ƙasa mai dausayi. Larvae masu nauyi har zuwa 160 MG kuma har zuwa 2 cm tsayi suna bayyana bayan kwanaki 13-14.
Suna da gajerun kafafu kamar 6. Farin launinsu ya zama baƙar fata-a cikin awa 10. Muƙamuƙin ƙananan masu farauta, sa'o'i 40 bayan haihuwa, tuni suna da ikon cin naman ƙasa. Mannewa sosai ga wanda aka azabtar, duk da nacinsa da ɓoyewar danshi da kumfa, yana binne kansa cikin ƙasa da shi kuma yana cin shi.
Girman Larval an kammala shi a ƙarshen bazara. Mataki na gaba yana faruwa - pupation, wanda ya ɗauki kwanaki 15-25. Jikin tsirara na pupa a waje yayi kama da babban ƙwaro.
Halin halayyar shine ƙwanƙolin tsinkayen da ke fitowa a bayan da gefen ciki na ɓangaren ciki. Pufin ya fi yawa a cikin shimfiɗar jariri da aka yi da ƙasa ko ƙasa.
A cikin hunturu, yana shiga cikin yanayin manya tare da tsawon shekaru 2-3. Bayyanar farko na samari ya dogara da yanayin yanayi kuma ana kiyaye shi a watan Mayu-Yuni. Wannan yafi faruwa a farkon balagar amfanin gona.
Ana iya ganin fitowar taro a cikin matakin madara na girmar noman hunturu. A watan Agusta, ya faɗi cikin diapause - dakatar da tsarin tsarawa, kuma ya binne kansa a cikin ƙasa har zuwa 40 cm.
Yadda za a magance kwaro irin ƙwaro
Qeta ƙasa irin ƙwaro, yadda za a rabu da mu daga mai farautar sihiri - wannan tambayar tana dacewa tsakanin lambu da masu lambu da yawa. Lalacewar kwari ba ya kawo matsala ba kawai ga yankunan noma ba, har ma ga gidaje, waɗanda ɓarna masu ban haushi ke sarrafawa su shiga.
Hadadden tsari tare da matakan agrotechnical da sinadarai, tare da girbi cikin sauri ba tare da zubewar hatsi ba, yana ba da gudummawa ga iyakar kariya daga kwari.
Black ƙasa irin ƙwaro don gidan - ba lamari ne mai yawa da mara dadi ba. Zaman su a cikin gidan bai daɗe ba saboda rashin abinci. Koyaya, suna da ikon harba duk wuraren da larvae. Tabbatattun dalilai a cikin yaduwar beetles na gida sune:
- kayayyakin abinci: gari, hatsi, dankali, da sauransu;
- sharar abinci;
- shara;
- itacen girki;
- tsohuwar itace.
Immediateaukar matakin gaggawa don kawar da ƙwari zai taimaka wajen shawo kan yaɗuwar. A cikin yaki da beetles, ingantattun hanyoyi sune:
- tsabtace gaba ɗaya tare da bincike mai kyau don wurin su;
- magani na sama tare da soda mai burodi ko mafita na vinegar;
- yin amfani da shirye-shiryen kwari don kwari;
- raga mai kariya akan windows.
Hakanan ya zama dole a kula da lafiyar abinci a cikin rufaffiyar siga. Yawancin jinsunan ƙwaro na ƙasa sun kai adadi mai yawa kuma suna da mahimmancin mahimmanci a cikin tsarin halittu da na halittar ɗan adam. Kwari kwatanci ne na yanayin muhalli da kasancewar cutar mutum.
