Grizzly, daga Ingilishi Grizzly bear ko launin toka mai launin toka, yana nuna suna wanda ke nuni da ɗaya ko fiye da ragin Amurka na launin ruwan kasa. Wannan shine ɗayan mafi girma kuma mafi haɗari dabbobi masu farauta waɗanda suke zaune a duniyarmu a halin yanzu.
Bayani da bayyana
Belar grizzly ita ce dabbar daji da ke da girma da girman kai da halayyar danniya, wanda ya sanya ta zama daya daga cikin mafi tsananin rashin tausayi da zubar da jini na dabbobi masu farauta. Sunan kimiyya don gorizzly bears shine horribilis, wanda ke nufin "mummunan ko mummunan".
Fitowar waje
Grizzlies suna tattare da kyawawan jiki. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na grizzly bear yana wakiltar dogayen, ƙafafun 15-16 cm, saboda abin da mai farautar ya kasa hawa bishiyoyi, amma yana farautar farautar sa. Theusoshin ƙafa suna da sifa mai siffar zobe da kuma lankwasawar arcuate.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Ba wai kawai manya ba, har ma da matasa ana rarrabe su da ƙarfi da haɓaka sosai, wanda ke ba su damar farautar manyan ganima.
A tsarin jiki, haka nan kuma a cikin bayyanar, irin wannan beyar yana kama da beyar mai ruwan kasa, amma ya fi girma da nauyi, maras kyau kuma a lokaci guda yana da ƙarfi sosai. Ba kamar Beran Eurasia ba, Bears na Arewacin Amurka suna da halayyar ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa, ƙasƙasassun ƙasusuwa da goshi mai faɗi, madaidaiciya.
Wutsiyar a hankali ta fi guntu A yayin tafiya, manya manya suna yin jujjuyawa da halayya ta halayyar jikinsu.
Girman grizzly bear
Tsayin dabbar da ke tsaye a gabobin bayansa ya kai kimanin mita 2.5 tare da nauyin kilogiram 380-410. Wuya tana da halayya ta gaske, raƙumi mai ƙarfi wanda ke ba dabba ƙarfi mai ban mamaki. Tare da taimakon bugu ɗaya na gaban kafa, babban beyar na iya kashe koda babban dokin daji ko ƙarami ko raunin dangi.
Mahimmanci!Babban grizzly beyar an san shi a matsayin namiji wanda ya rayu a yankin bakin teku kuma yana da nauyin kilogiram 680. Tsayinsa lokacin ɗagawa a ƙafafuwan baya ya kai mita uku, kuma tsayin a ɗamarar kafada ya kasance mita ɗaya da rabi.
Dangi na kusa da grizzlies sune talakawa masu ruwan kasa.... Kunnuwan dabba suna da siffar zagaye. Dabbobin da ke zaune a yankunan bakin teku sun fi mutanen da ke zaune a babban yankin girma. Idan matsakaicin nauyin babban na miji kusan kilogram 270-275, to mutanen da ke bakin teku na iya ɗaukar nauyin 400 ko sama da haka.
Launin fata
Kafadu, wuya da ciki na grizzly bear suna lulluɓe da furcin ruwan kasa mai kauri mai kauri, amma a ƙarshen akwai launi mai launi, yana ba wa suturar kyakkyawar launin ruwan toka. Godiya ga wannan inuwar da kamannin ya sami sunansa grizzly, wanda ke nufin "launin toka ko launin toka".
Idan aka kwatanta da bears masu ruwan kasa gama gari, gashin grizzly yana da ci gaba sosai, ba kawai yana da tsawo ba ne, amma yana da kyau sosai, saboda haka yana riƙe zafi sosai.
Tsawon rayuwa
Matsakaicin rayuwar dorinar daji a mafi yawan lokuta ya dogara da mazauninsu da abincinsu.... A mafi yawan lokuta, dabba mai cin nama ba ta fi rubu'in karni a cikin daji ba, kuma kadan a cikin shekaru talatin idan an tsare shi da kyau.
A ina ne grizzly bear ke rayuwa?
Yawan grizzly ya ragu sosai a ƙarshen karni na sha tara, lokacin da aka harbe maharan da yawa daga manoma masu kare dabbobinsu daga hare-haren bera.
Duk da cewa rarrabuwa na dabi'ar beran grizzly ya sami wasu sauye-sauye masu yawa a cikin karnin da ya gabata, har yanzu ana samun wannan mai farautar a yammacin Arewacin Amurka, da kuma wajen jihohin kudu, farawa daga North Dakota ko Missouri. A cikin yankunan arewacin, yankin rabarwar ya isa British Columbia da Alaska.
Kai salon
Bears na Grizzly suna shiga cikin hibernation kowace shekara, wanda zai iya ɗaukar kimanin watanni shida. Don shirya don bacci, dabbar da ke farautar tana cin abinci mai gina jiki da yawa, bayan haka sai ta sauka a rami.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Kafin shiga cikin rashin nutsuwa, dabba babba tana samun kimanin kilogiram 180-200 na mai.
A yayin aikin bacci, dabba bata cin abinci kuma baya cika biyan bukatun ta na halitta. Bears grizzly bears sun fito daga rashin barci a tsakiyar tsakiyar Maris, kuma mata sun ɗan jima - a cikin Afrilu ko Mayu.
Grizzly kai ciyar da farauta
Bears mai saurin kamawa yana farauta, a matsayin mai mulkin, akan manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Elk, kazalika da barewa da raguna sukan faɗi ganima ga berai masu farauta.
Babban rabo daga abincin shine kifi, gami da kifin kifi da kifi. A tsakanin sauran abubuwa, beraye suna cin tsuntsayen daji na nau'ikan halittu da kwayayensu, da kuma beraye iri-iri.
Beran grizzly ya fi son amfani da pine kwayoyi, iri-iri masu tsire-tsire da kayan lambu a matsayin abincin shuka.... Wani muhimmin ɓangare na abincin grizzly shine nama, don haka mai farautar zai iya farautar dabbobi kamar marmot, squirrels squir, lemmings and voles. Mafi girman ganimar grizzlies sune bison da giwa, da gawarwakin whales, zakunan teku da hatimai waɗanda aka jefa zuwa yankin bakin teku.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Don cin abinci a kan zumar ƙudan zuma, cikin sauƙi gurnani ya bugi bishiyar babba, bayan haka sai ta lalata gidan kwari kwata-kwata.
Kimanin kashi uku cikin huɗu na abincin shine abinci na tushen tsire-tsire kamar su blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, da cranberries. Bayan glaciers sun ɓace, yana ɗaukar filayen farmaki tare da legumes iri-iri. A cikin shekaru masu tsananin yunwa, dabbar tana kusantar gidan mutum, inda dabbobin zasu iya zama ganima. Hakanan wuraren zubar da abinci da ke kusa da sansanin 'yan yawon bude ido da sansanonin tanti na iya jawo hankalin namun daji.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin saduwa na bears masu launin toka ko grizzlies yawanci yakan faru ne a watan Yuni.... A wannan lokacin ne maza ke iya jin warin mata ko da kuwa a nesa mai girman gaske, adadinsu ya kai kilomita da yawa. A cikin grizzlies biyu suna tsayawa ba fiye da kwanaki goma ba, bayan haka sai suka koma ga salon rayuwa wanda ya saba da wannan nau'in.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Abun takaici, ba duk 'ya' yan jarirai ke gudanar da rayuwa da girma ba. Wasu lokuta jarirai suna zama masu sauƙin ganima ga grizzlies manya manya da sauran masu lalata.
Yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 250 kafin mace ta haihu, bayan haka ana haihuwar sa twoa biyu ko uku a Janairu-Fabrairu. Matsakaicin nauyin bebin da aka haifa, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce 410-710 g ba.Grizzly yara ba a haife su kawai tsirara ba, amma kuma makafi ne, kuma ba su da haƙori, saboda haka, abinci mai gina jiki a farkon watanni ana wakilta ne kawai ta madarar uwa.
A karo na farko da sa cuban suka fita zuwa cikin iska mai ɗumi daga kogon a ƙarshen bazara, kusan ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu. Daga wannan lokacin ne mace ta fara sabawa da zuriyarta sannu-sannu zuwa neman abinci na kai.
Tare da gabatowa na saurin sanyi, beyar da yaran sun fara neman sabon, madaidaicin kogo. Yaran sun zama masu cin gashin kansu ne kawai a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, lokacin da suka riga sun sami damar isasshen abincin kansu. Mata suna isa balaga ne kawai a shekaru uku, kuma maza kimanin shekara guda. Dabba babba tana jagorancin keɓantaccen salon rayuwa irin na jinsin, yana haɗuwa biyu-biyu kawai a lokacin saduwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Wani fasali na grizzly shine ikon iya haɗuwa da mutane na kowa da kowa na belar belar, sakamakon hakan yayan kirki sun bayyana. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan ana kiransu polar grizzlies.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A halin yanzu, grizzlies suna cikin kariya, saboda haka babban mazauninsu yana da wakiltar wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a Amurka. Adadin mutane da yawa suna zaune a wuraren shakatawa na Yellowstone da Dutsen McKinley, da kuma wurin shakatawa na Glacier, daga inda ake samun grizzlies a wasu jihohin.
Populationananan mutane na dabbobin daji sun rayu a cikin nahiyar Amurka, arewa maso yamma Washington da Idaho. Jimlar yawan girazzly bears a yau kusan mutane dubu hamsin ne.... Sau ɗaya a kowace shekara huɗu, ana ba da izinin farautar izini don wannan mummunan mahaukaci a Alaska.
A cewar mafi yawan masana kimiyya da mashahuran masanan kimiyyar dabbobi, mutum da kansa yana da laifi saboda yawancin ɓangarorin duk gamuwar da grizzly bears. A cikin daji, Bears koyaushe suna ƙoƙari su kewaye mutane, sabili da haka, ƙarƙashin dokokin ƙa'idodi, mutum ba zai haɗu da irin wannan mai zubar da jini ba.
Koyaya, dole ne a tuna cewa ga dukkan kwancen kafa da ragwanci, babban bala'in dabban daji zai iya yin tafiyar kimanin mita dari bisa saurin doki mai tsalle, don haka kusan ba zai yuwu a kubuta daga irin wannan mai farautar ba.
