Masu yin burodi dabbobi ne masu ban mamaki. A waje, suna kamanceceniya da aladu, sabili da haka, har zuwa kwanan nan ana ɗaukar su kamar haka, amma yanzu an lasafta su a matsayin dabbobi masu shayarwa na artiodactyl.
Koyaya, mai yiwuwa ne masana ilimin halitta su sake nazarin matsayinsu kan rarrabuwa, tunda alawar burodi a zahiri, suna da abubuwa da yawa iri ɗaya da masu dabbobi.
Gabaɗaya an yarda cewa masu yin burodi asalinsu ne ga Sabuwar Duniya, amma ba haka batun yake ba. Ragowar kakanninsu galibi ana samunsu ne a Yammacin Turai, wanda ke nuna cewa a cikin Tsohuwar Duniya waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki ko dai sun mutu ko kuma sun cika da namun daji.
Abubuwan fasali da mazauninsu
Alade masu yin burodi- da dabbobin telegenic. Ganin mutum tare da kyamarar bidiyo ko ruwan tabarau na daukar hoto, suna duban gaske, tsayawa, a zahiri suna nunawa ga mai yin fim.
Wadannan halittu masu ban mamaki suna rayuwa a nahiyar Amurka, ana iya samunsu a wuraren da ke kudu maso yammacin Amurka, a Kudancin Amurka tare da dukkanin bakin tekun Pacific, a yammacin Argentina, a Ecuador da kusan kowane yanki na Mexico. Masu yin burodi ba su da cikakkiyar fahimta ga yanayin yanayi kuma kusan komai suke, shi ya sa mazauninsu ke da faɗi.
A yau, nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan aladu huɗu mutane sun san su, kuma an sake gano biyu daga cikinsu a cikin karni na ashirin, yayin aiwatar da sake dawo da filayen dazuzzuka da wuraren savanna, kuma kafin hakan an ɗauke su sun mutu.
Yau masana kimiyya sun sani masu gasa aladen daji irin waɗannan nau'ikan:
- Kwala.
Waɗannan su ne kawai masu yin burodi da ke zaune a Amurka. Bambance-bambancen jinsin shine cewa gland na musamman na ƙarin ɓoye suna kan ɓangaren sacral na bayan dabbobi manya.
Aladu masu alaƙa suna rayuwa cikin garken mutane 5-15, suna da ma'amala sosai, suna da alaƙa da abokantaka sosai. Suna da fari ko rawaya "abin wuya" a launi, godiya ga wanda suka sami sunan su.
Suna son cin abinci, sun fi son cin abinci a kan namomin kaza, 'ya'yan itace, albasa, koren wake kuma, isasshe, cacti. Koyaya, suna da komai kuma ba zasu taɓa wucewa ta gawar - gawawwakin kwadi ko macizai ba, gawarwakin manyan dabbobi ko gurbi da ƙwai. Suna girma har zuwa rabin mita a bushe kuma har zuwa mita a tsayi, tare da matsakaita nauyin 20-25 kg.
A cikin hoton, masu yin burodi sun haɗa alade
- Farin gemu.
Suna rayuwa galibi a Meziko, manyan dabbobi masu ƙarfi, waɗanda aka tsara cikin garken garken da suka kai ɗaruruwan kawuna. Sun sami suna ne saboda haske mai haske a ƙarkashin ƙananan muƙamuƙi.
Garkunan suna yawo koyaushe, ba sa tsayawa fiye da kwana uku, ko da a wuraren da suka fi dacewa da su. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kodayake masu yin burodin masu gemu ba su da komai, sun fi son cin mushe, wanda suke nema.
A cikin hoton akwai masu gasa alade masu farin gemu
- Chakskie ko, kamar yadda ake kiran su, masu wain Wagner.
An lasafta waɗannan dabbobin a cikin Littafin Ja. Tun da daɗewa ana tsammanin sun mutu, masanan ilimin halitta sun bayyana su daga burbushin da aka samo a Yammacin Turai. Kuma an sake gano su da rai a cikin 1975 yayin sanya layin wuta a Paraguay.
Jinsi yana da wahalar kiyayewa da nazari, tunda mazaunin sa shine dazukan Gran Chaco, ma'ana, yankin budurcin daji da ya shafi jihohi uku - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay.
Ana lura da manyan abubuwan da ake gani a wadannan gurasar a wurare tare da gandun dajin dajin bishiyoyi, kuma, a wannan lokacin, masanan sun tabbatar da cewa wadannan dabbobin suna son cin ƙaya kuma suna jin kunya, suna son ɓoyewa a bayan dutse ko kuma a wasu wuraren fake, da zaran sun lura a bayan kansu. lura.
Hoton alade ɗan ƙasar Czech ne
- Gigantius, ko gigantic.
Ba a yi nazarin wannan nau'in ba kwata-kwata. An sake ganowa cikin bazata a shekara ta 2000, yayin tsananin sare dazuzzuka a Brazil. Burbushin halittu masu kama da manyan masu yin burodi sau da yawa an tona su a Turai, amma har yanzu ba a san ko waɗancan ragowar da dabbobin da aka gano kwatsam iri ɗaya ne ba.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar masu yin burodi
Ainihin, duk bayanan game da waɗannan dabbobi, kamar su halaye, bayanin masu gasa alade na daji, wanda aka samo daga lura da rayuwar aladun abin alade a cikin Amurka.
Masu yin burodi sun fi son maraice da salon dare, suna jin daidai kuma suna da ƙanshin ci gaba sosai. Suna da matukar ma'amala, suna rayuwa cikin garken dabbobi, kuma tare da tsauraran matakai.
Fifikon shugaban ba a fafatawa, kamar yadda yake da keɓantaccen haƙƙin sa wa mata. Idan ɗayan maza ya yanke shawarar tambayar halaye na shugaban garken, to ba faɗa ko faɗa. Namiji mai shakka kawai ya fita ya tara garken sa.
Dangane da halaye, an daɗe ana ɗaukar masu yin burodi a matsayin dabbobi masu jin kunya. Koyaya, a tsakiyar karni na ashirin, akwai salon salo na adana dabbobin daji azaman dabbobi.
Kuma mafi yawan abin da aka fi so shi ne, mafi kyau. Wannan sha'awar ta lalata tatsuniyar tsoron masu waina, tana ba su damar iƙirarin cewa waɗannan aladu na daji suna da kyakkyawar mu'amala, masu zaman lafiya da son sani.
A yau, ana iya samun waɗannan dabbobin a cikin gidan namun daji da yawa, inda suke jin daɗi kuma suna, idan ba taurari ba, to abubuwan da baƙi suka fi so. Kari akan haka, akwai masu yin burodi a wurare daban-daban na Kanada, wanda horon da wasan kwaikwayon ya dogara da ka'idar "babba babba".
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na masu waina
Masu yin burodi ba su da wani takamaiman lokaci don saduwa. Yin jima'i tsakanin mata da jagoran garken yana faruwa daidai kamar yadda yake a cikin mutane - a kowane lokaci.
Idan mace ta sami ciki, to matsayinta matsayinta yana daga kwanaki 145 zuwa 150. Ya fi son haihuwar masu yin burodi a keɓantaccen wuri ko cikin rami, amma koyaushe shi kaɗai.
Yawancin lokaci ana haifar da alade guda biyu, da ƙyar sosai. Yaran sun riga sun tashi tsaye a rana ta biyu ta rayuwarsu, kuma da zarar wannan ya faru, sai su koma tare da mahaifiyarsu zuwa sauran danginsu.
Masu yin burodi suna rayuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau - rashin abokan gaba na ɗabi'a, wadataccen abinci da ƙoshin lafiya - har zuwa shekaru 25. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba a gidan zoo na Thai, boar's baker yayi bikin cika shekara 30, yayin da yake cikin ƙoshin lafiya.
A cikin hoto, aladu masu yin burodi tare da ɗiya
Dangane da abubuwan da masana kimiyyar dabbobi da na halitta suka yi, mai yin alade a kudancin amurka ba kasafai yake rayuwa ba har zuwa shekaru 20, yana mutuwa a matsakaici a tsakanin 15-17. Ko wannan ya faru ne saboda bambancin ko kuma wani dalili, masana kimiyya basu gano hakan ba tukuna.
Masu yin burodi abinci
Masu yin burodi suna son cin abinci, kallon su, za ku ga cewa suna tauna wani abu koyaushe, kuma galibi suna ciye-ciye yayin aikin ƙaura, kan tafi, kamar mutane. Wadannan dabbobin suna da komai - suna iya hango ciyawa, cin ciyawar wake, cin naman kaza, ko fitar ungulu da cin mushen wata dabba.
Wannan nau'ikan abubuwan girke-girke na dafuwa saboda tsarin ciki da haƙoransu ne. Cikin masu yin burodin alade na daji yana da ɓangarori uku, farkon farkonsa ƙari ne wanda yanayi ke ɗauke da jakar "makafi".
Kuma a cikin bakin kowace dabba akwai hakora 38, tare da ingantattun hakoran baya, nikakken abinci kuma tare da kananun masu kusurwa uku masu karfi a gaba, kwata-kwata daidai suke da kowane mai farauta.
Yawancin masanan ilimin halitta sunyi imanin cewa da zarar masu yin burodi ba kawai wadatuwa da gawar da makiyaya ba, har ma suna farauta. Yanzu, ana amfani da fuka-fuka don kariya daga abokan gaba - pumas da jaguars, da kuma yaga naman babban gawar.
Taƙaita labarin game da waɗannan, wanda ba a san shi ba ga mutane, dabbobi masu ban mamaki, kuna buƙatar ambaci tarihin sunan - masu gasa alade, me yasa aka sa masu haka ba ƙasa da ban sha'awa fiye da kansu.
Lokacin da Turawan farko suka fara binciken nahiyar ta Amurka, sun gamu da wani aboki da kuma dangin Indiya mai aminci "Tupi", wanda har yanzu zuriyarsa ke rayuwa a cikin Brazil ta zamani.
Ganin nesa daga gungun wasu dabbobin da ba a saba gani ba, Turawan Fotigal sun fara nuna su, suna ihu "Aladu, aladu na daji", kuma Indiyawa suka debi wata kalma da ta yi kunnuwan Turawa, kamar "Masu Gurasa".
Bayan wani lokaci, ya zama sananne cewa "masu yin burodi" ba kalma ɗaya ce ba, amma da yawa, kuma an fassara wannan kalmar a matsayin "dabba da ke yin hanyoyi da yawa na gandun daji", wanda yake da ban mamaki kyakkyawa kuma daidai yake bayyana aladu masu yin burodin.
