Abubuwan al'ajabi na duniyar dabbobi ba zasu ƙare ba. Thearin samun damar yankin, yawancin mazaunan suna zaune a ciki. A sama, talakawa, kuma a bayyane bayyane, kamar gilashi, amphibian mara wutsiya, suna zaune a yankuna masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka.
Fasali da mazaunin gilashin kwado
A cikin dausayin da ba za a iya shiga ba na kudancin Mexico, arewacin Paraguay, Argentina, inda babu mutumin da zai isa, mara zurfi gilashin kwado (Centrolenidae) tana jin dadi. Gefen koguna da magudanan ruwa da ke gudana a tsakanin dazuzzuka masu danshi sosai wuri ne da mazaunanta suka fi so. Halittar kanta, kamar ana yin gilashi, ta hanyar fata ana iya ganin ciki, ƙwai.
Yawancin amphibians suna da ciki "gilashi", amma ana samun su da fata mai haske a bayan ko ƙafafun translucent gaba ɗaya. Wasu lokuta ana yi wa gabobin ado da wani irin geza. Smallananan, bai fi 3 cm tsayi ba, koren haske, launin shuɗi tare da launuka masu launuka iri-iri, tare da idanu na ban mamaki, irin su bayanin da gilashin kwado gilashi.
Hoton shine gilashin gilashi
Ba kamar amphibian ba, idanunta basa kallon gefuna, amma a gaba, saboda haka ana duban kallon a kusurwa ta 45 °, wanda zai baka damar bin diddigin ƙananan abincin. Akwai takamaiman guringuntsi a kan diddige.
Subsungiyoyin amphibians na Ecuador (Centrolene) suna da manyan sigogi har zuwa 7 cm. Suna da farin farantin ciki da ƙasusuwa kore. Humerus yana ƙunshe da tsiro. Dalilin da aka tsara na karu makami ne yayin ɓarnatar da yanki ko akasi.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar gilashin kwado
Ya kasance a cikin Ecuador a ƙarshen karni na 19 da aka sami samfurin farko, kuma har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 20, irin waɗannan masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun kasu kashi biyu. Selectedarshen da aka zaɓa na ƙarshe 3 raga gilashin kwado (Hyalinobatrachium) yana da halin kasancewar farin ƙashi, rashin madafan haske, wanda a cikin sauran "dangi" ya rufe ra'ayin zuciya, hanji, hanta.
Wadannan gabobin ciki a bayyane suke. Mafi yawan rayuwar dukkan kwadi yana faruwa ne akan ƙasa. Wasu sun fi son zama a cikin bishiyoyi, suna zaɓar yanayin shimfidar duwatsu. Amma ci gaba da yanayin halittar mai yiwuwa ne kawai a kusa da magudanan ruwa.
Suna jagorancin rayuwar dare, suna hutawa a kan tabarma mai danshi da rana. Amphibians Hyalinobatrachium sun fi son farauta yayin rana. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da gilashin gilashi sune sifofin halayya tsakanin jinsin maza da mata, rabon mukamai yayin kwan kwai.
Maza suna kiyaye fewan awanni na rayuwarsu, sa'annan su ziyarci lokaci-lokaci. "Net net" suna kare kama daga rashin ruwa ko kwari na tsawon lokaci (duk rana). Akwai ka'idar cewa nan gaba suma suna kula da yaran da suka manyanta. Bayan haihuwa, mata na kowane nau'in suna ɓacewa ta inda ba a san su ba.
Gilashin kwado yana ciyarwa
Daga cikin sunayen amphibians akwai Kwallan gilashin Venezuelan, da aka ba ta ta ƙasa. Kamar kowane irin amphibians "mai bayyananniya", ba ta da koshi, tana son cin abinci a kan ƙananan kayan kwalliya, ƙudaje, sauro.
A yayin da ake hango mai yuwuwar cutar, sai ya buɗe bakinsa, ya buge ta daga nesa da santimita da yawa. Yanayin iska yana ba ka damar samun abinci ba kawai da yamma ba, har ma da rana. A karkashin yanayin rayuwar da ba na al'ada ba, kwari na Drosophila sun dace da ciyarwa.
Sayi gilashin gilashi Abu ne mai matukar wahala, kodayake akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya don nazarin wadannan dabbobin da ba a saba gani ba, amma akwai 'yan amshi masu yawa wadanda ke kiyaye su. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don kiwo na fursuna suna da rikitarwa, suna buƙatar ɗakunan ruwa na musamman masu tsayi tare da daidaitaccen yanayin ƙasa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar gilashin kwado
Lokacin haifuwa yana farawa ne kawai a lokacin damina. Namiji, kawar da kishiyoyi tare da tsoratarwa ko haɗari, ya fara saduwa da mace. Abinda yake gamsarwa baya fitarwa, sannan tare da busa, sannan gajere gajere.
Hoton shine kwado gilashi tare da caviar
Wani lokacin haduwa hoto na gilashin kwado, inda mutane suke ganin kamar suna hawan juna ne. Irin wannan mating din ana kiransa amplexus, wanda abokin tarayya zai kama mace tare da cinyarsa, ba zai sake ta ba na dakika ko awanni.
Ana ajiye ƙwai da tunani akan farantin ganye na ciki na shuke-shuke da ke girma a saman ruwa. Tsuntsaye ba sa iya ganinsu, mazaunan ruwa ba za su iya riskar su ba. Bayan qwai sun nuna, tadpoles sun bayyana, wanda nan da nan suka fada cikin ruwan, inda hadari ke jiran su.
Ba a fahimci rayuwa da yawan mutuwar amphibians sosai ba. Babu wata hanya madaidaiciya don tantance shekarun dabbobin da ke rayuwa a muhallinsu. Amma masana kimiyya sun ce a yanayi, rayuwarsu ta fi taƙaitacciya. Abubuwan da aka tanada na zama akan wurin ajiyar:
- toad toka - shekaru 36;
- bishiyar bishiya - shekaru 22;
- ciyawa rana - 18.
Yana da wuya wani daga jinsunan kwarorin Centrolenidae su daɗe haka. Baya ga matsalolin muhalli da barazanar sare dazuzzuka, akwai yiwuwar yiwuwar kwararar magungunan kashe ƙwari cikin yanayin ruwa inda cuban tadpole ke rayuwa. Su abinci ne ga kifi da sauran wakilan fauna, don haka 'bayyane' masu iya magana su iya bacewa daga duniyar dabbobi.
