Bluebird - mafarki da gaskiya
Hoton wani shudi tsuntsu, wanda yake bayyana mafarki, ya tashi a farkon karni na 20 saboda shahararren wasan da marubucin Belgium M. Meterlinck ya yi. Neman ta shine yawancin duk wanda yayi mafarkin farin ciki.
Amma roman roman roman da ba za a iya gyara su ba ne suka rasa imani, saboda an yi imanin cewa irin wannan tsuntsu ba ta wanzu a yanayi. Mafarkan shudi tsuntsu - rudu da ba za a iya riskar su ba.
Yanayi ya zama mai wadata fiye da tunanin ɗan adam. Masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sun san irin wannan tsuntsu, wanda ake kira lilac ko bushe-bushe, kuma a cikin amfani da yawa kuma bisa ga majiyoyi da yawa, kawai tsuntsu mai shuɗi.
Fasali da mazaunin shuɗar shuɗi
Wurin zama na abin al'ajabi yana cikin ƙasashen Indochina a cikin gangaren da kwazazzabai na tsaunukan Himalayan. An lura da rarraba shimfidar shudi a cikin manyan yankuna na tsaunin Tien Shan a cikin kasashe biyar na Asiya ta Tsakiya: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, China, Kyrgyzstan da Kazakhstan. A Rasha yana zaune a cikin tsaunukan Transcaucasia, a Turai bluebird yana zaune a gefen kudu na tekun Bahar Rum. Yana yin hunturu a arewa da arewa maso gabashin Afirka, Tsibirin Philippine.
Tsuntsayen suna zabar yankuna masu tsaunuka a tsawan 1000 zuwa 3500 a kusa da ruwa. Wurare masu duwatsu da duwatsu tare da raƙuman ruwa, raƙuman duwatsu, magudanan ruwa da kogunan tsaunuka mazaunin tsuntsaye ne da aka fi so.
Bayani na bluebird yayi kama da shahararrun dusar ƙanƙara, amma akwai manyan bambance-bambance a tsayin ƙafafu da jela. Sun fi girma kuma sun fi ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Ofananan ƙananan fikafikan fuka-fukai sun kai har cm 45. Adadin nauyin tsuntsaye ya kai kimanin 200 g. Tsawon jikin duka bai wuce cm 35 ba.
Baki mai haske mai haske, mai tsayi 36-38 mm, mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, ɗan lanƙwasa a saman. Shudi tsuntsu yana raira waƙa da daɗi sosai. A Turanci, ana kiran waɗannan tsuntsaye whan makarantar whistler.
Saurari muryar birgima mai bulu
Haɗuwa da taushin sarewa da ƙarancin rairayi yana rarrabe muryar tsuntsu. Volumeara da ƙarfi na sauti suna iya toshe ƙarar ambaliyar ruwa, da ruri da rugugin ruwa, amma wannan ba ya haifar da fushi, amma abin mamaki. A cikin kwazazzabai masu tsaunuka, yana da mahimmanci dangi su ji shi, saboda haka, bayanan murya yana rarrabe mazaunan wuraren da ba za a iya shiga ba kuma masu wahala.
An jera ɗanɗano mai launin shuɗi a cikin Littafin Ja a matsayin nau'ikan nau'in da ke buƙatar kariya da kariya. Babban nasara ne a gan shi. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da shuɗi mai shuɗi suna cikin wani sabon abu mai rikitarwa: a zahiri, babu alamar launin shuɗi a cikin launin layin.
Haske mai ban mamaki yana haifar da sihirin sihiri a gemun gashin tsuntsu masu kyau. Daga nesa, ana ganin launi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, shuɗin shuɗi yana ƙaruwa kusa, amma tsarin ban al'ajabi na farfajiyar yana tattare da lilac, sautunan violet. Fuka-fukan an rufe su da walƙiya na azurfa, kamar dai an watsa su a bayan, kirji, kai. Fukafukai na sama daban-daban na iya alama tare da ƙananan farin tabo.
Namiji da mace suna kama da juna. Differencean bambanci kaɗan a cikin mace ana bayyana a ƙarfafa sillar azurfa a gefunan fuka-fukan. Gabaɗaya, tsuntsun yana da kyau ƙwarai, ya cancanci keɓe kyakkyawar mafarki mai ban sha'awa.
Bluebird nau'in
Ya kamata a nemi dangin Bluebird bisa tsari na passerines, dangin farin ciki. Akwai da yawa dozin gargajiya nau'ikan thrush kadai. Daga cikin su akwai sanannen sanannen jan fure, riguna, marainar dare, da kuma taya.
Idan nau'in dusar ƙanƙan da dutse ya haɗa da nau'ikan guda uku: dutse, mai farin fari da kuma shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, to jinsin launukan shunayya masu launin shunayya na da nau'in jinsi ɗaya kaɗai ke wakilta - bluebird, ko Myophonus.
Kamar dangi na dangi, ɗanɗano mai launin shuɗi yana haifar da rayuwar zama da ƙaura. Idan tsuntsaye suna gida a wurare masu tsayi, to a lokacin kaka suna sauka don nemo kwazazzabai waɗanda basu cika da dusar ƙanƙara ba kuma iska mai iska tana kada su. Ga dukkan halaye da dabi'u na tsuntsaye da tsarin tashi, bluebird da ba safai yake kusa da babbar baƙar fata ba.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar shuɗi
Tsuntsu mai ban mamaki bai yi kama da surar adabi ba. Rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi bai dace da yanayin nutsuwa da soyayya ba. Fasali na shuɗin tsuntsu a cikin kwanciyar hankali, rigima. Ba sa taruwa a cikin garken tumaki kamar gwarare; suna zama kai kaɗai ko kuma bibbiyu a yankin da suka fi so. An kori baƙi, ba su ma jure wa manyan yaransu na kusa ba.
Wurare masu duwatsu, waɗanda aka cika da shuke-shuken daji, kusa da ruwa sune wuraren da aka saba da launukan shunayya. A cikin keɓaɓɓun rami, tsuntsaye suna yin gida gida wanda ake iya gani daga nesa, amma ba za'a iya shiga ba saboda rashin damar wurin. Rayuwa a cikin tsaunuka, shudayen shuɗi suna ƙoƙari don ɗumi, sabili da haka, a yankunan dusar ƙanƙara ta dindindin, ba za a iya samun bluebird ba.
Jirgin yawanci ba shi da sauƙi, tare da saurin fuka-fukai. Tsuntsu yana shawo kan gangare tare da manyan tsalle tare da taimakon fuka-fuki kaɗan buɗe. Yana tafiya a ƙasa tare da ƙananan matakai ko tsalle, kamar talauci na yau da kullun. Ba sa son yin tafiya mai nisa, suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya a tsarin rayuwarsu.
Mai kunya ta yanayi, tsuntsaye suna da hankali kuma suna nesa da mutane, ba kamar dangi masu son sani ba. Suna son kasancewa a bakin ruwa, inda suke so kuma sau da yawa suna iyo kuma suna farautar ƙananan kifi acan.
Bayan sun yi wanka, tsuntsayen ba sa girgiza ɗigon ruwa, amma suna gudu har sai sun bushe gabaki ɗaya. Wutsiyar tsuntsu tana tashi da sauri idan akwai hatsari ko tashin hankali. Thrarfin yana iya ninka shi kuma ya buɗe shi kamar fan, juya shi daga gefe zuwa gefe.
Masoyan tsuntsaye ba safai suke kiyaye tsuntsaye masu launin shuɗi ba saboda ƙarar waƙar da suke yi da kuma girman su. Amma lura da yadda suke rayuwa yana da matukar sha'awar dabbobin. Masu gidan suna kwatanta halayensu da kyanwa da kwikwiyo. Zasu iya yin wasa da kwalliyar alewa ko farautar kifi a cikin kandami. Suna ciyar da abincin da aka saba don tsuntsaye, kamar cuku na gida, burodi da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Ciyarwar Bluebird
Abincin tsuntsaye masu shuɗi ya dogara da kwari kusa da ruwa, larvae, beetles, tururuwa, crustaceans. Tsuntsayen suna cin abinci a kan ƙananan beraye, suna kama ƙananan kifaye a bakin teku, farautar ƙadangare da ƙananan macizai. Yana kama ganima da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ya kakkarya shi akan duwatsu da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Matsewar Lilac ba kyamar jan abin da ke ciki daga gurbin wasu mutane, kamar manyan tsuntsayen dabbobi.
Baya ga abincin dabbobi, bluebirds suna ciyar da abincin shuke-shuke: tsaba, 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa. A cikin watannin hunturu, abincin shuka ya fi yawa. A cikin bauta bluebird yana ciyarwa abinci iri-iri ga tsuntsaye, suna son burodi da launuka iri-iri.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na bluebird
Daga farkon Maris, za ku iya jin kyawawan waƙoƙin kiɗa na shuɗi mai laushi, mai nuna lokacin nest. Bayan sun zaɓi abokiyar aure, bluebirds suna rayuwa a cikin kwazazzabon ba tare da canza wuraren kwanciyarsu ba tsawon shekaru. Abokan hulɗa ba sa canzawa cikin rayuwa. An kori kajin da suka girma daga yankinsu.
Gidajen da ake ginawa kusa da ruwa daga tushen asalin shuke-shuke, ciyawa, gansakuka, mai tushe, tsutsa da datti. An ƙirƙiri babban kwano mai kaifin katanga a cikin rami mai raɗaɗi, wanda ba zai yiwu ga abokan gaba ba. Tsarin yana aiki sama da shekara guda, kuma idan ya ruguje lokaci zuwa lokaci, to tsuntsayen sun gina wani sabon gida a wurin kan tsohon tushe.
Hoton shine gida na bluebird thrush
A cikin kama yawanci yawanci akwai ƙwai 2 zuwa 5, farare masu ruwan toka. Shiryawa har zuwa kwanaki 17. Ƙyama kajin bluebird iyaye suna cin abinci tare da tsutsa da kwari. Da farko, yankakkun abubuwa tsirara ne kuma ba masu taimako. Na tsawon kwanaki 25, godiya ga kulawa, brood na da ƙarfi kuma suna samun ƙarfi. A watan Yuni, 'ya'yan sun bar gida na asali, iyayen ma sun tashi har zuwa bazara mai zuwa.
Rayuwar tsuntsayen shudi a yanayi yana da wahalar kafawa. A cikin bauta, yadin shunayya na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 15, ya bambanta da bluebird na farin ciki, mara tsufa.
