Ruff Kifi ne mai yaduwa a cikin Rasha, sananne ne ga kaifin kashin kansa. A matsayin dangin perch, ruffs suna rayuwa a cikin koguna da tabkuna tare da ruwa mai tsabta da yashi ko ƙasan dutse.
Fasali da mazauninsu
Kwayar halittar Ruff ta hada da nau'ikan kifaye 4, mafi yawanci daga cikinsu shine ruff gama gari. Wannan ƙananan kifi ne, tsayinsa yakai 10-15 cm, da wuya ƙwarai 20-25 cm. Menene kifin ruff kama? talakawa?
Launin jikinsa na iya bambanta daga yashi zuwa launin toka-launin toka kuma ya dogara da mazaunin: kifin da ke zaune a tafki mai ƙasan rairayi yana da launuka masu haske fiye da danginsu daga laka ko koguna masu laka. Fusoshin dorsal da caudal na ruff suna da ɗigon baki ko launin ruwan kasa, ƙusoshin firam suna da girma da launi.
Matsakaicin yanayi na ruff gama gari ya faro daga Turai zuwa Kolyma River a Siberia. A cikin ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, an rarraba kusan ko'ina. Mazaunan da aka fi so su ne tabkuna, koramai ko rafuka tare da raunin ƙarfi. Yawancin lokaci yakan tsaya a ƙasan kusa da bakin teku.
A cikin hoto, kifin ruff
Baya ga wanda aka saba, a cikin tafkunan Don, Dnieper, Kuban da kogin Dniester akwai masu hanci da hanci, ko kuma birch, kamar yadda masunta na gida suke kira. Wannan kifin ya fi girma girma fiye da na kowa kuma yana da ƙusoshin dorsal wanda ya kasu biyu. Don koyon bambance tsakanin su biyun irin ruff, yana da amfani ka ga hoton kifin ruff na gama-gari kuma ka kwatanta shi da hanci.
Kuna iya jin labarin menene kifin ruff, amma wannan ba gaskiya bane, tunda duk wakilai na ruff genus mazaunan ruwa ne kawai. Koyaya, a cikin teku akwai kifaye da yawa na ƙasa masu kaifin ƙafa, waɗanda galibi mutane suke kira ruffs.
Wadannan nau'ikan na wasu dangi ne da danginsu, saboda haka sunan ba daidai bane a ilmin halitta. Ga tambaya, teku ko kogin rufi ruff, amsar guda ɗaya ce: ruff baya rayuwa cikin ruwan gishiri. To, wanene ake kira ruff?
A cikin mazaunan ruwan gishiri, kifin kunama ta fi kama da ruff. Kifi ne mai haske, ƙayarsa tana ɗauke da guba mai ƙarfi. Ya kai rabin mita a tsayi kuma yana rayuwa a cikin Tekun Pacific da Tekun Atlantika. Tun da kifin kunama na wani tsari ne na daban, gaba kuma zamuyi magana ne kawai game da kifin ruwa - kogin ruff.
Bayani da salon rayuwa
Bayanin kifin ruff ya kamata ku fara da wuraren zama. A cikin tafkin, ruff yana riƙe a ƙasan, yana fifita wurare tare da zurfin ruwa mai tsabta. Yana da wuya yakan tashi sama. Yana aiki sosai da yamma, tunda a wannan lokacin ne ake samun abinci. Ba a son wurare tare da saurin gudu, ya fi son baya baya tare da ruwan sanyi da sanyin ruwa.
Ruff ba shi da daɗi sosai, saboda haka yana zaune a cikin kogunan gari, inda ruwa ke ƙazantar da sharar gida. Koyaya, ba a samun wannan kifin a cikin jikin ruwa mai tsafta, saboda yana da larurar rashin isashshen oxygen. A cikin tafkuna masu gudana da tabkuna, yana rayuwa kusan ko'ina, yana ajiye ƙasa a zurfin.
Ruff yana son ruwan sanyi. Da zaran ya dumama har zuwa +20 a lokacin bazara, kifin zai fara neman wuri mai sanyi ko kuma ya zama mai gajiya. Abin da ya sa ruff ke bayyana a cikin ruwa mara ƙaranci kawai a lokacin kaka, lokacin da kankara ya zama, da kuma bazara: a wasu lokuta ruwan yana da dumi sosai lokacin da ba shi da zurfi.
Kuma a cikin hunturu, ruff ya fi dacewa a ƙasan a babban zurfin. Akwai wani bayani game da al'adar ruff na tsayawa a zurfin: ba zai iya tsayawa haske mai haske ba kuma yana son duhu. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ruffs suke son tsayawa a ƙarƙashin gadoji, a cikin wuraren waha kusa da bankunan da ke kan tudu da kuma tsakanin tsummoki.
Suna samun ganima ba tare da taimakon gani ba, tunda gabobi na musamman - layin gefe - yana kama fluan canji a cikin ruwa kuma yana taimaka wa kifayen samun ganima mai motsi. Sabili da haka, ruff zai iya samun nasarar farauta koda cikin cikakken duhu.
Abinci
Kifi ruff mai farauta ne. Abincin ya hada da kananan crustaceans, larvae na kwari, da kuma qwai da soya, saboda haka zobon kiwo na iya lalata wasu kifayen.
Ruff na benthophages ne - ma'ana, masu farauta waɗanda ke cin mazaunan ƙasan. Zabin abinci ya dogara da girman ruff. Sabon kyankyasar abincin da aka toya yafi ciyarwa akan kayan abinci, yayin da mafi girman soya ke ciyarwa akan kananan cladocerans, dunkulen jini, cyclops da daphnia.
Manyan kifaye sun fi son tsutsotsi, leda da ƙananan ɓawon burodi, yayin da manyan ruffs suna cin ganimar soya da ƙananan kifi. Ruff yana da mutunci sosai, kuma baya barin ciyarwa koda lokacin sanyi ne, lokacin da yawancin sauran nau'ikan kifayen ke watsi da abinci. Saboda haka, yana girma duk shekara.
Duk da ƙaya mai kaifi a ƙofar fika, manyan kifaye masu farauta suna da haɗari ga yara: pike perch, burbot da catfish. Amma manyan maƙiyan ruffs ba kifi bane, amma tsuntsayen ruwa: marassa nauyi, cormorants da storks. Don haka, ruffs suna cikin matsakaiciyar matsayi a cikin sarƙar abinci na jikin ruwa mai kyau.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Sanya ruffs a farkon bazara: a cikin koguna kafin ambaliyar ruwa, a cikin tabkuna da tafkuna masu gudana - daga farkon narkewar kankara. A tsakiyar Rasha, wannan lokacin ya faɗi a ƙarshen Maris - tsakiyar Afrilu. Kifi ba sa zaɓar wuri na musamman kuma yana iya yin spawn a kowane ɓangaren tafki.
Ana yin ragi a cikin magariba ko da daddare, yayin da ruffs ke taruwa a makarantu, waɗanda zasu iya kai wa mutane dubu da yawa. Femaleaya mace tana yin ƙwai daga ƙwai dubu 50 zuwa 100, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da juna ta hanyar ƙwayar mucous.
Mason ɗin yana haɗe da rashin tsari a ƙasan: duwatsu, itacen bushewa ko algae. Soya yana fitowa ne kawai bayan makonni biyu kuma nan da nan ya fara ciyarwa da girma da ƙarfi. Ruffs ya zama balagagge ne kawai a cikin shekaru 2-3, amma ikon haɓakawa ya dogara ba kawai da shekaru ba, har ma da tsawon jiki. Wani irin ruff kifi ne mai iya kiwo?
An yi imanin cewa saboda wannan kifin dole ne ya girma har zuwa cm 10-12. Amma har ma da wannan girman, yayin haihuwar farko, mace ba ta yin ƙwai kaɗan - “dubbai” kawai. Ruff baya aiki ga masu shekaru ɗari. An yi imani cewa mata na ruff sun kai shekara 11, maza suna rayuwa har zuwa mafi yawan 7-8.
Amma yawancin kifaye a mazauninsu sun mutu da wuri. A dabi'a, kusan kashi 93% na yawan ruff sun faɗo kan kifi ƙasa da shekaru 3, ma'ana, ko da 'yan tsiraru sun tsira zuwa balaga.
Dalilin shi ne cewa yawancin soya da ƙananan kifi sun lalata ta hanyar masu lalata ko mutu daga cuta, rashin oxygen a lokacin sanyi ko rashin abinci. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mata ke yin irin wannan babban kama: daya ne kawai daga cikin dubun duban kwai da zai ba da kifin baligi.
