Fasali da mazauninsu
Apollo daidai yake daga cikin kyawawan kyawawan samfuran rana a Turai - wakilai mafi haske na gidan Sailboats. Kwaron yana da matukar sha'awa ga masu ilimin halitta domin yana da yawan nau'in.
A yau, akwai kusan iri 600. Apollo malam buɗe ido bayanin: Forewings suna da fari, wani lokacin cream ne, tare da gefen gefen hanya. Tsawon ya kai santimita huɗu.
An yi wa katangar ado da launuka masu haske ja da lemu masu farin cibiyoyi, waɗanda ke da iyaka da baƙar fata, kamar yadda aka gani a ciki hoto. Apollo malam buɗe ido yana da fuka-fuki mai tsawon cm 6.5-9. A saman akwai eriya biyu tare da na'urori na musamman wadanda ke taimakawa jin abubuwa iri-iri.
Rikitattun idanu: santsi, babba, tare da ƙananan tubercles tare da bristles. Kafafu masu launin-kirim, sirara da gajere, an rufe su da kyau villi. Ciki yana da gashi. Baya ga saba, akwai malam buɗe ido baƙar fata apollo: matsakaici a cikin girma tare da fika-fikai har zuwa santimita shida.
Mnemosyne ɗayan ɗayan ban mamaki ne tare da fuka-fuka masu fararen dusar ƙanƙara, cikakke a bayyane a gefuna, an kawata shi da baƙin ɗigo. Wannan launi yana sa malam buɗe ido ya zama abin faranta rai sosai.
Waɗannan wakilan suna cikin umarnin Lepidoptera. 'Yan uwansu a cikin dangin Sailboat sun hada da Podaliria da Machaon, wadanda ke da dogayen doki (dovetail) a kan fikafikansu na baya.
A cikin hoton, malam buɗe ido apollo mnemosyne
Malam yana rayuwa a yankunan tsaunuka a kan ƙasa mai duwatsu, a cikin kwari a tsawan sama da kilomita biyu sama da matakin teku. Mafi yawan lokuta ana samunsu a Sicily, Spain, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Alps, Mongolia da Russia. Wasu nau'ikan butterflies masu tsayi da ke zaune a cikin Himalayas suna rayuwa a tsawan 6,000 sama da matakin teku.
Misali mai ban sha'awa kuma mafi kyawun ra'ayi shine arctic apollo. Butterfly yana da tsawon reshe na gaba na 16-25 mm. Yana zaune dutsen tundra tare da ciyayi marasa ƙaranci, a cikin yankin Khabarovsk da Yakutia, a wani yanki kusa da gefen dusar ƙanƙara ta har abada.
Wasu lokuta yakan yi ƙaura a cikin gida zuwa wuraren da bishiyoyin larch ke girma. Kamar yadda kake gani a hoton, Apollo arctic yana da fukafukai farare masu kunkuntar baƙaƙen fata. Tunda nau'ikan nau'ikan basu da yawa, kusan ba a yin nazarin ilimin ilimin halittar sa.
A cikin hoton, malam buɗe ido apollo arctic
Hali da salon rayuwa
Masana ilimin halittu, matafiya da masu bincike koyaushe suna bayyana kyawun wannan nau'in malam buɗe ido a cikin kalmomi masu ɗimbin waƙa da launuka iri-iri, suna jin daɗin iyawarta na motsa fukafukanta da kyau. Apollo gama-garin malam buɗe ido aiki a rana, kuma yana ɓoye a cikin ciyawa da dare.
A lokacin da ya ji haɗari, yana ƙoƙari ya tashi ya ɓuya, amma yawanci, tunda ya tashi da mummunan rauni, sai ya aikata hakan ba daɗi ba. Koyaya, mutuncin mummunar takarda ba zai hana ta tafiya har zuwa kilomita biyar a rana don neman abinci ba.
Ana samun wannan malam buɗe ido a lokacin watannin bazara. Kwarin na da halayyar kariya ta ban mamaki a kan makiyanta. Haske mai haske a fukafukinsa yana tsoratar da masu farauta, wadanda suka dauki launi don dafi, saboda haka tsuntsaye basa cin abinci akan butterflies.
Firgita abokan gaba tare da launukan su, ban da haka, Apollo suna yin sautuka masu ƙyalli tare da ƙafafunsu, wanda ke ƙara inganta tasirin, yana tilasta maƙiyi hattara da waɗannan kwari. A yau, yawancin kyawawan malam buɗe ido suna fuskantar barazanar ƙarewa.
Apollo galibi ana samunsu a wuraren da suka saba, duk da haka, saboda farautar da ake musu, yawan kwari na raguwa cikin sauri. A tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata, malam buɗe ido kusan ya ɓace gaba ɗaya daga yankunan Moscow, Tambov da Smolensk. Bayyanannun butterflies da kyawawan furanninsu suna jawo mafarauta.
Bugu da kari, yawan buda-baki na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda lalacewar yankunansu na ciyar da mutane. Wata matsalar ita ce kwarin gwiwar caterpillars zuwa rana da kuma zaɓin abinci.
Adadin wannan nau'in kwari yana raguwa musamman a kwarin Turai da Asiya. A CIKIN Littafin Ja malam buɗe ido apollo shiga cikin ƙasashe da yawa, saboda yana cikin matuƙar buƙatar kariya da kariya.
Ana daukar matakai don dawo da yawan kwarin da ke raguwa: an samar da yanayin zama na musamman da wuraren ciyarwa. Abin takaici, har yanzu abubuwan da suka faru ba su kawo sakamako mai kyau ba.
Abinci
Caterpillars na waɗannan malam buɗe ido suna da matuƙar faɗi. Kuma da zaran sun kyankyashe, nan da nan zasu fara ciyarwa sosai. Amma tare da ɗoki suna cinye ganye, kusan kawai, sedum da dattako, suna aikata shi da mummunan ciye-ciye. Kuma cin duk ganyen shukar nan da nan ya bazu zuwa wasu.
Kayan bakin bakin kwari na nau'in cizon sauro ne, kuma muƙamuƙan suna da ƙarfi. Sauƙaƙa jimrewa da shawar ganye, suna neman sababbi. Caterpillars na Arctic Apollo, waɗanda aka haifa a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin damar abinci, suna cinye tsire-tsire na Gorodkov na corydalis a matsayin abinci.
Manya na kwari, kamar dukkanin malam buɗe ido, suna cin abincin nectar na shuke-shuke masu furanni. Tsarin yana faruwa ne tare da taimakon proboscis mai karkacewa, wanda, lokacin da malam buɗe ido ya sha ruwan tsakar fure, ya miƙe ya buɗe.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Apollo ta hayayyafa yayin watannin bazara. Macen mata tana iya kwanciya akan ganyen tsire ko a tsibiyoyi, har zuwa ƙwai ɗari da yawa. Suna da siffar zagaye tare da radius na milimita, kuma suna santsi cikin tsari. Caterpillars sun ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai tsakanin Afrilu da Yuni. Larwarorin na baƙar fata ne masu launuka kaɗan da lemun tsami.
Nan da nan bayan ƙyanƙyasar ƙyanƙyashe, sun shiga cikin abinci mai aiki. Suna buƙatar tara kuzari da yawa don ƙarin canje-canje. Yayinda butterflies mata ke kwanciya da kwayar halittar su a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren shuke-shuke, nan da nan sai kwari suka sami abincin su. Suna ƙoshi kuma suna girma matuƙar sun dace da kwansonsu.
A cikin hoton, ɗan kwari na malam buɗe ido na Apollo
Sannan tsarin narkewar yana farawa, wanda yakan faru har sau biyar. Lokacin da ya girma, sai kyankirin ya fado ƙasa ya zama jajaje. Wannan shi ne matakin baccin kwari, wanda a ciki yake kiyaye cikakkiyar motsi. Kuma kyanwa mai banƙyama da mai ƙiba ta zama kyakkyawar malam a cikin watanni biyu. Fukafukanta sun bushe kuma tana tashi don neman abinci.
Irin wannan tsari yana faruwa sau da yawa. Rayuwar Apollo daga tsutsa zuwa matakin girma yana ɗaukar lokacin bazara biyu. An shirya shi da malam buɗe baki, ƙwai suna bacci, sannan kuma, bayan jerin sauye-sauye, ya rikide ya zama malam buɗe ido, yana birge waɗanda ke kusa da su da kyan su.
