Shark daga dangin Chlamydoselachidae suna alfahari da matsayi a cikin darajar kifin da babu kamarsa. Ana ɗaukar wannan halittar mai haɗari a matsayin sarkin zurfin duniyar karkashin ruwa. Asali daga lokacin Cretaceous, wannan hamshakin mai farautar bai canza ba tsawon rayuwar sa, kuma kusan bai canza ba. Saboda ilimin halittar jiki da ilimin halittar jiki, ana daukar jinsin halittu biyu da suka rayu a matsayin mafi yawan kifayen halittu. Saboda wannan dalili, ana kiransu "burbushin halittu ko abubuwan tarihi". Sunan janar ya ƙunshi kalmomin Helenanci χλαμύς / chlamydas "gashi ko alkyabba" da σέλαχος / selachos "kifin mai gishiri."
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Frilled Shark
A karo na farko, an bayyana alkyabbar alkyabbar ta mahangar kimiyyar masanin kimiyyar kimiyyar nan ta Jamus L. Doderlein, wanda ya ziyarci Japan daga 1879 zuwa 1881 kuma ya kawo nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsunan biyu zuwa Vienna. Amma rubutunsa da ke kwatanta jinsin ya ɓace. Baƙon Ba'amurke mai suna S. Garman ne ya ba da bayanin farkon bayanin da ya rage, wanda ya gano wata doguwar mace mai tsawon 1.5 a cikin Sagami Bay. Rahotonsa "An Shark Shark" an buga shi a cikin 1884. Garman ya sanya sabon nau'in a cikin jinsi da danginsa kuma ya sanya masa suna Chlamydoselachusanguineus.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Da yawa daga cikin masu binciken farko sunyi imanin cewa frillin shark din yana raye ne daga kungiyoyin da suka mutu na kifin da ke cikin cartilaginous, amma, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa kamannin da ke tsakanin kifin da kuma wadanda suka rigaya sun wuce gona da iri ko kuma ba a fassara su ba, kuma wannan kifin na da nau'ikan kwarangwal da halayen tsoka da ke da alaqa da karfi da ita tare da kifayen zamani da haskoki.
An gano burbushin kifin kifin a tsibirin Chatham da ke New Zealand, wanda ya samo asali daga iyakar Cretaceous-Paleogene, tare da ragowar tsuntsaye da cones coniferous, wanda ke nuna cewa wadannan kifayen kifayen suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi a lokacin. Nazarin da ya gabata game da wasu nau'o'in Chlamydoselachus sun nuna cewa mutanen da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfin ruwa suna da manyan hakora masu kauri don cin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Bidiyo: Frillin Shark
Dangane da wannan, an yi tunanin cewa masu giyan frying sun tsira daga yawan ɓarnar, sun sami damar yin amfani da kayan masarufi kyauta a cikin ruwa mara zurfi da kuma kan ɗakunan nahiyoyi, na biyun yana buɗe motsi zuwa mazaunan teku mai zurfin da suke rayuwa a ciki yanzu.
Canjin wadatar abinci na iya bayyana a yadda yanayin halittar hakora ya canza, ya zama mai kaifi da shiga ciki don farautar dabbobi masu zurfin ciki. Daga marigayi Paleocene har zuwa yau, yankakkun sharks ba sa cikin gasa a cikin mazauninsu na teku da rarrabawa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya frill shark kama
Frill eks shark yana da dogon jiki, siriri tare da ƙyallen wutsiya, yana ba su kamannin eel. Jiki launin ruwan hoda ne mai launin ruwan hoda ko launin toka mai launin toka, tare da wrinkles suna fitowa a kan ciki. Akwai ƙaramin ƙaran dorsal wanda yake kusa da wutsiya, sama da babban fin na finafinai kuma a gaban ƙarancin finafinan asymmetrical. Insananan firam ɗin suna gajere kuma an zagaye su. Frill sharks wani bangare ne na umarnin Hexanchiformes, wanda ake ɗauka mafi ƙarancin rukunin kifaye.
A cikin jinsin halittar, nau'ikan halittu biyu ne kawai suka banbanta:
- frill shark (C. anguineus);
- Afirka ta Kudu frill shark (C. africana).
Kan yana da buɗaɗɗen gill shida (yawancin sharks suna da biyar). Endsananan ƙarshen gill na farko sun faɗaɗa har zuwa maƙogwaron, yayin da sauran sauran gill suna kewaye da gefen zane na fata - saboda haka sunan "frilled shark". Mulos ɗin gajere ne sosai kuma yana kama da wanda aka yanke; bakin yana da faɗi sosai kuma a ƙarshe an haɗa shi da kai. Jawasan muƙamuƙi dogo ne.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Frillk shark C. anguineus ya banbanta da ɗan uwan Afirka ta Kudu C. africana ta yadda yana da mafi yawan kashin baya (165-171 da 146) kuma akwai ƙarin muryoyi a cikin hanji mai juyawa, da kuma madaidaitan matakan girma, kamar su kan mai tsayi da gajere tsaguwa a gill
Hakoran da ke kan babbansu na sama da na ƙasa daidai suke, masu kambi uku masu ƙarfi da kaifi da kuma tsaka-tsakin rawanin tsaka-tsaki. Finfin finafinan ya fi fin fin ɗaya, kuma fin ɗin caudal ba shi da tsagi. Matsakaicin sanannen tsinkayen kifin shark ya kai mita 1.7 ga maza kuma 2.0 m ga mata. Maza sun balaga ta hanyar jima'i, da ƙyar su kai tsawon mita.
A ina ne sabon kifin shark yake rayuwa?
Hoto: Cikakken kifin kifin shark a cikin ruwa
Wani sanannen kifin shark da aka samu a wurare da yawa warwatse a cikin Tekun Atlantika da na Tekun Fasifik. A gabashin Atlantic, yana zaune a arewacin Norway, arewacin Scotland da yammacin Ireland, tare da Faransa zuwa Maroko, tare da Mauritania da Madeira. A tsakiyar Atlantic, an kama kifin kifin a wurare da dama tare da Mid-Atlantic Ridge, daga Azores zuwa hawan Rio Grande a kudancin Brazil, da kuma Vavilov Ridge a Yammacin Afirka.
A yammacin Tekun Atlantika, an ganta a cikin ruwan New England, Suriname da Georgia. A yammacin Pacific, kewayon babban kifin shark ya mamaye kudu maso gabas gab da New Zealand. A tsakiya da gabashin Tekun Pacific, ana samunsa a Hawaii da California, Amurka da arewacin Chile. An samo shi a kudancin Afirka, an bayyana wannan kifin mai kyau a matsayin wani nau'in daban a cikin 2009. Ana samun wannan kifin kifin a saman shiryayyun nahiyoyin duniya da kuma a kan gangaren na sama da na tsakiya. Ana samun sa a zurfin har ma da 1570 m, kodayake yawanci baya faruwa fiye da zurfin mita 1000 daga saman teku.
A cikin Suruga Bay, kifin kifin ya fi kowa a zurfin 50-250 m, ban da lokacin daga watan Agusta zuwa Nuwamba, lokacin da zafin ruwan da ya kai mitoci 100 ya wuce 16 ° C kuma sharks suka shiga cikin ruwa mai zurfi. A wasu lokuta da ba safai ba, ana ganin wannan nau'in a saman. Frilled shark galibi ana samunsa kusa da ƙasan, a yankunan ƙananan dunes.
Koyaya, abincin sa yana nuna cewa ya sami manyan biyun zuwa cikin ruwan buɗewa. Wannan nau'in na iya yin hawa sama, a kusanci saman dare don ciyarwa. Akwai rarrabuwa na sarari cikin girma da matsayin haifuwa.
Yanzu kun san inda frilled shark yake zaune. Bari muga me wannan mai ɗaukar mayafin yake ci.
Menene fkrk shark ke ci?
Hotuna: Sharh Frilled Shark
Yankakkun jaws na frill shark suna da motsi sosai, ramuka na iya miƙawa zuwa matsanancin girman, yana basu damar haɗiye duk wani abincin da bai wuce rabin girman mutum ba. Koyaya, tsayi da tsarin muƙamuƙan ya nuna cewa kifin shark ba zai iya yin cizo mai ƙarfi kamar na yau da kullun ba. Yawancin kifin da aka kama ba su da ko abin da ke cikin ciki da za a iya ganewa, wanda ke nuna yawan narkewar abinci ko dogon hutu tsakanin ciyarwa.
Frills sharks ganima akan cephalopods, bony kifi da ƙananan kifaye. A cikin samfurin daya, tsayin m 1.6, an sami gira 590 na kifin kifin na Japan (Apristurus japonicus). Squid yakai kusan kashi 60% na abincin kifin na shark a cikin Suruga Bay, wanda ya hada da ba kawai irin nau'in squid mai saurin tafiya kamar Histioteuthis da Chiroteuthis ba, amma manyan, masu ninkaya masu ƙarfi kamar Onychoteuthis, Todarodes da Sthenoteuthis.
Ciyarwar abincin kifin shark:
- kifin kifi;
- detritus;
- kifi;
- gawa;
- crustaceans.
Hanyoyin kamun kifin mai motsa jiki tare da jinkirin ninkaya shark shine batun jita-jita. Wataƙila yana kama mutane da suka riga suka ji rauni ko waɗanda ke da rauni kuma za su mutu bayan an yi musu rauni. Bugu da kari, tana iya kamo wanda aka azabtar, tana lankwasa jikinta kamar maciji kuma, tana dogaro da haƙarƙarin da ke bayanta, tana bugun gaba da sauri.
Hakanan yana iya rufe raunin gill, haifar da matsi mara kyau don tsotsa cikin ganima. Smallananan ƙananan, haƙoran hakoran farin kifin shark na iya saukake jiki ko tanti na squid. Hakanan zasu iya ciyarwa akan gawar da ke saukowa daga saman teku.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Frillin shark daga littafin Red
Mai Theaukar ranƙan ɗan kifi ne mai saurin nutsuwa wanda aka daidaita shi don rayuwa a ƙasan rairayi. Yana daya daga cikin mafi jinkirin nau'in kifin kifin kifin shark, wanda ya kware sosai kan rayuwa mai zurfi a cikin teku. Yana da karami, kasusuwan ƙwanƙwirar ƙira da babbar hanta cike da mayuka masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, wanda ke ba shi damar riƙe matsayinta a cikin layin ruwa ba tare da ƙoƙari mai yawa ba.
Tsarinsa na ciki na iya haɓaka ƙwarewarsa ga ƙananan motsi na ganima. Ana samun mutane da yawa ba tare da ƙusoshin wutsiyoyinsu ba, wataƙila sakamakon wasu nau'ikan halittar kifin kifin kifin na shark. Frk shark na iya kama abin farauta ta lanƙwasa jikinsa da huɗa gaba kamar maciji. Doguwa, mai sauƙi jaws ya ba shi damar haɗiye ganima gaba ɗaya. Wannan jinsi yana da kuzari: embryos yana fitowa daga kwayayen ƙwai a cikin mahaifar uwa.
Waɗannan masun ruwa masu zurfin zurfin ruwa kuma suna da saurin jin sauti ko girgiza daga nesa da kuma tasirin lantarki wanda tsokokin dabbobi ke fitarwa. Bugu da ƙari, suna da ikon gano canje-canje a cikin matsa lamba na ruwa. Akwai karamin bayani game da rayuwar jinsin; matsakaicin matakin mai yiwuwa ne cikin shekaru 25.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Frillin kifin kifin kifin
Yin takin zamani yana gudana a ciki, a cikin oviducts ko oviducts na mace. Dole sharks maza su kama mace, suyi motsi a jikinta don shigar da matansu da maniyyi kai tsaye cikin ramin. Ana ciyarda amfrayo masu tasowa musamman daga gwaiduwa, amma bambancin nauyin jariri da kwai yana nuna cewa uwa tana bada abinci mai gina jiki daga wuraren da ba a sani ba.
A cikin matan mata, akwai kwayayen kwayaye biyu masu aiki da mahaifa daya a dama. Jinsi ba shi da takamaiman lokacin kiwo, tun da fararen shark yana rayuwa a cikin zurfin da babu tasirin yanayi. Abun da zai iya yuwuwar samun damar saduwa shine namiji 15 da kuma sharks mata 19. Girman litter ya kasance daga upa twoa biyu zuwa goma sha biyar, tare da matsakaita na shida. Bunkasar sabbin kwai yana tsayawa a lokacin daukar ciki, mai yiwuwa saboda karancin fili a cikin ramin jiki.
Sababbin kwan da aka yi wa kwayayen da kuma amfanon farko an hade su a cikin siraran kaushin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Lokacin da tayi ya zama santimita 3, kan sa ya zama ya nuna, muƙamuƙan ba su ci gaba ba, gulbin waje ya fara bayyana, kuma duk an taɓa ganin fin. Ana zubar da kwayayen kwai yayin amfrayo ya kai cm 8-8 a tsayi kuma an cire shi daga jikin mace. A wannan lokacin, girasar waje ta amfrayo suna da cikakke.
Girman jakar kwai yana nan daram har zuwa lokacin da tayi tayi na santimita 40, daga nan sai ta fara raguwa, akasari ko kuma gaba daya tana bacewa a tsawon tsawon tayi 50 cm. Girman girman tayi ya kai kimanin 1.4 cm a kowane wata, kuma tsawon lokacin haihuwa yana dauke uku da kuma rabin shekaru, sun fi sauran vertebrates yawa. Sharks da aka haifa suna da tsawon cm 40-60. Iyaye ba sa kula da yaransu kwata-kwata bayan sun haihu.
Abokan gaba na frill sharks
Hoto: Cikakken kifin kifin shark a cikin ruwa
Akwai shahararrun mafarautan da ke farautar wadannan kifayen. Baya ga mutane, waɗanda ke kashe yawancin kifayen da ake kamawa a cikin raga ta hanyar kamun kifi, ƙananan kifayen ana farautar su a kai a kai ta manyan kifi, haskoki da manyan kifayen.
Kusa da tekun, ƙananan tsuntsaye masu kifi da suka tashi kusa da saman ruwa kuma tsuntsayen teku ko hatimai suna kama su. Saboda sun mamaye benthos, wasu lokuta ana kama su yayin yawo ƙasa ko cikin raga lokacin da suke fuskantar haɗarin kusantar farfajiyar. Za a iya kama manyan ran Sharks da kifin whale da sauran manyan kifayen.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Frill su ne mazaunan ƙasan kuma suna iya taimakawa wajen cire mushen gawawwaki. Carrion yana sauka daga buɗaɗɗun ruwan teku ya tsaya a ƙasan, inda kifayen kifin da sauran nau'ikan benthic ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sarrafa abubuwan gina jiki.
Ba su da sharks masu haɗari, amma haƙoransu na iya raba hannayen mai bincike ko masunta da ke riƙe da su. Ana yin wannan kifin kifin a cikin tashar Suruga a cikin gillnets na ƙasa da kuma cikin raƙuman ruwa mai zurfin ruwa. Masunta na Jafananci suna ɗaukar wannan a matsayin matsala, saboda yana lalata raga. Saboda karancin haihuwa da kuma ci gaba da kamun kifi na kasuwanci zuwa mazauninsa, akwai damuwa game da wanzuwarsa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Yaya frill shark kama
Frill shark yana da fadi da yawa, amma iri-iri sosai a cikin Tekun Atlantika da Pacific. Babu ingantaccen bayani game da yawan mutane da yanayin ci gaban jinsin a matakin yanzu. Ba a san komai game da tarihin rayuwarta ba, wannan nau'in yana iya samun ƙarancin juriya ga canje-canje a cikin abubuwan waje. Ba safai ake ganin wannan babban kifin kifin a matsayin kamun-kifi a cikin kasa ba, matsakaiciyar rarrabuwar ruwa, masunta mai cin dogon teku da kamun kifi mai zurfin teku.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Theimar kasuwanci ta frill sharks kaɗan ce. Wasu lokuta ana yin kuskuren su da macizan teku. A matsayin abin kamawa, wannan nau'ikan ba safai ake amfani dashi don nama ba, galibi don naman kifi ko kuma a zubar dashi gaba ɗaya.
Masunta masu zurfin kamun kifi sun faɗaɗa a cikin fewan shekarun da suka gabata kuma akwai damuwa cewa ci gaba da faɗaɗawa, a ƙasa da zurfin kamawa, zai haɓaka kamawar nau'in. Koyaya, idan aka yi la'akari da fadi da kewarsa da kuma gaskiyar cewa yawancin ƙasashe inda aka kama nau'in suna da ƙuntatawa masu kamun kifi da iyaka mai zurfi (misali Ostiraliya, New Zealand da Turai), wannan jinsin yana da ƙarancin haɗari.
Koyaya, bayyananniyar sananniyarta da kuma yanayin kulawa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri yana nufin cewa dole ne a lura da kamun kifi daga kamun kifin ta hanyar tattara bayanai na musamman da kamun kifi don kada a yi barazanar nau'in a nan gaba.
Kiyaye Farin Gwanin Shark
Hoto: Frillin shark daga littafin Red
Classwararren kifin shark ɗin yana cikin haɗari mai haɗari ta Lissafin IUCN. Akwai tsare-tsaren kasa da yanki don rage-zurfin gabar kifin shark, wanda tuni ya fara fa'ida.
A Tarayyar Turai, biyo bayan shawarwarin daga Majalisar Kasa da Kasa kan Binciken Tekun (ICES) don dakatar da kamun kifi don zurfin kifin kifi, Majalisar Masunta ta Tarayyar Turai (EU) ta sanya iyakar ba da izinin kama kifi da yawa ga yawancin kifayen. A cikin 2012, EUungiyar Masunta ta EU ta ƙara farin kifayen a wannan matakin kuma suka sanya TAC sifili don waɗannan zurfin kifin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin rabin karnin da ya gabata, masunta masu zurfin teku sun ƙaru zuwa zurfin 62.5 a cikin shekaru goma. Akwai wata damuwa cewa idan masunta masu zurfin ruwa suka ci gaba da faɗaɗa, kamun waɗannan nau'in na iya ƙaruwa. Koyaya, a cikin ƙasashe da yawa inda aka samo wannan nau'in akwai ingantaccen gudanarwa da iyakoki masu zurfin kamun kifi.
Shark wani lokacin ana ajiye su a cikin akwatin kifaye a Japan. A cikin ɓangaren trawl na weasashen Commonwealth na Australiya Kudancin da Gabashin Kifi da Tekun Sharks, yawancin yankuna ƙasa da 700 m suna rufe don yin tarko, suna ba da mafaka ga wannan nau'in.Idan za a sake buɗe ruwa mai zurfi don kamun kifi, ya kamata a kula da matakan kama wannan da sauran manyan kifayen teku. Kamawa da takamaiman bayanan sa ido na jinsi zai taimaka don fahimtar tasirin kamun-kifi kan yawan kifayen.
Ranar bugawa: 30.10.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 11.11.2019 a 12:10
