Jirgin Ruwa - kifi mafi sauri a duniya, yana zuwa saurin 100 km / h. An gyara rikodin a 109 km / h. Kifin ya sami sunansa "jirgin" saboda katon fin din da ya yi kama da jirgin ruwa. Waɗannan kifayen ana ɗauke da kifayen wasanni masu mahimmanci, kuma ana amfani da naman su don yin sashimi da sushi a Japan. Kodayake babu wani takamammen bayani game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin mutane, amma jiragen ruwa na iya "haskaka" launukan jikinsu ta hanyar aikin chromatophores ɗinsu da kuma amfani da wasu abubuwan gani na gani (kamar su ƙarshen ƙugu) a lokacin kiwo.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Jirgin Ruwa
Jirgin ruwan jirgin ruwa (Istiophorus platypterus) babban maƙalli ne na buɗe teku wanda ke tsiro a yankuna masu zafi da yankuna kusan duk duniya. A da, an bayyana nau'ikan jirgi guda biyu, amma duka jinsunan sun yi kama sosai ta yadda kimiyya ke kara gane Istiophorus platypterus ne kawai, kuma jinsin da aka sani a baya Istiophorus albicans ana daukar sa ne a matsayin tsohon. Hakanan, a matakin kwayar halitta, babu wani bambance-bambance da aka samo tsakanin DNA wanda zai bada hujjar rarrabuwa zuwa jinsuna biyu.
Bidiyo: Jirgin Ruwa
Jirgin ruwan yana cikin dangin Istiophoridae, wanda ya hada da marlins da masu mashi. Sun bambanta da kifin takobi, wanda yake da takobi madaidaici mai kaifi kuma babu ƙamshi na ƙugu. A cikin Rasha, ba safai ake samunsa ba, galibi kusa da Kuriles na Kudancin da kuma Tekun Bitrus Mai Girma. Wani lokacin takan shiga Bahar Rum ta Suez Canal, ana tura kifin kara ta cikin Bosphorus zuwa Bahar Maliya.
Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun yi tunanin cewa "jirgin ruwa" (tsayin doron karshe) na iya zama wani bangare na yanayin sanyaya kifin ko kuma tsarin dumama shi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda sadarwar dumbin hanyoyin jini da aka samo a cikin jirgin, da kuma halayen kifin, wanda ke “tashi jirgin ruwa” kawai a ciki ko kusa da ruwan saman bayan ko kafin a yi iyo mai sauri.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya jirgin kwale-kwale yake
Manyan samfuran jirgin ruwa sun kai tsawon 340 cm kuma sun auna zuwa kilogram 100. Jikinsu na fusiform doguwa ne, a matse, kuma abin mamakin ya inganta. Mutane daban-daban suna da shuɗi mai duhu a saman, tare da cakuda launin ruwan kasa, shuɗi mai haske a gefen kuma farin azurfa a gefen gefen. Ana rarrabe wannan nau'in daga sauran kifaye na ruwa ta kusan ratsiyoyi 20 na ɗigon shuɗi mai haske a gefunan su. Kan yana dauke da dogon baki da muƙamuƙi cike da hakora masu faɗi.
Babban fin din farko yayi kama da jirgin ruwa, tare da haskoki 42 zuwa 49, tare da karamin karami na biyu, tare da haskoki 6-7. Fananan fika-fikai suna da tsauri, dogaye kuma marasa tsari a sifa tare da haskoki 18 zuwa 20. Fuskokin ƙashin ƙugu sun kai tsawon cm 10. Girman mizani yana raguwa da shekaru. Jirgin ruwan jirgin ya yi girma da sauri, ya kai mita 1.2-1.5 a cikin tsawan cikin shekara guda.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: A baya ana tsammanin an sami Sailfish iya gwargwadon gudun ninkaya na 35 m / s (130 km / h), amma binciken da aka buga a 2015 da 2016 ya nuna cewa kifin tafiya ba ya wuce gudu tsakanin 10-15 m / s.
Yayin hulɗar masu farauta, jirgin ruwan ya isa saurin fashewar 7 m / s (25 km / h) kuma bai wuce 10 m / s (36 km / h) ba. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, jiragen ruwa ba su wuce mita 3 ba tsayi kuma ba su da nauyi fiye da kilogiram 90. Bakin takobi kamar mai tsayi, ba kamar kifin takobi ba, yana zagaye a sashi. Hasken Branchial baya nan. Jirgin ruwan jirgin ruwa yana amfani da bakinshi mai karfi don kama kifi, yana yin yajin aiki a kwance ko yin karo da sauƙi da rikita yanayin kifin.
Yanzu kun san irin saurin da jirgin ruwan ke tasowa. Bari mu ga inda aka samo wannan kifin mai ban mamaki.
A ina jirgin ruwan ke zaune?
Hoto: Jirgin Ruwa a cikin teku
Ana samun jirgin ruwan ne a cikin teku mai yanayi mai zafi da kuma yanayin zafi. Waɗannan kifayen galibi suna da rabe-raben wurare masu zafi kuma suna da yawa kusa da yankuna masu tsaka-tsakin na Tekun Atlantika, Pacific da Tekun Indiya daga 45 zuwa 50 ° N. a yammacin Tekun Arewacin Pacific kuma daga 35 ° zuwa 40 ° N. a gabashin gabashin Tekun Pasifik ta Arewa.
A yamma da gabashin Tekun Indiya, jiragen ruwa masu tafiya a cikin yankin Indo-Pacific suna shawagi tsakanin 45 ° da 35 ° S. bi da bi. An fi samun wannan nau'in a yankunan bakin teku na waɗannan latitude, amma ana iya samunsu a cikin yankunan tsakiyar teku.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Jiragen ruwa suna rayuwa a cikin Bahar Maliya kuma suna yin ƙaura ta mashigar Suez zuwa Bahar Rum. Atlanticungiyoyin Atlantic da Pacific suna da alaƙa ne kawai a bakin tekun Afirka ta Kudu, inda za su iya cakudawa.
Jirgin ruwa jirgin ruwa ne wanda ke ciyar da mafi yawan shekarun balagaggun sa daga sama zuwa zurfin mita 200. Kodayake suna amfani da mafi yawan lokacinsu kusa da gabar teku, wani lokacin sukan nitse cikin ruwa mai zurfi inda zafin jiki zai iya kaiwa kasa da 8 ° C, kodayake yanayin zafin ruwan da aka fi so wanda kifin yake jin yanayinsa daga 25 zuwa 30 ° C. Jirgin ruwan jirgin ruwa yakan yi ƙaura kowace shekara zuwa manyan tsaunuka, kuma a cikin kaka zuwa mahaɗara. Tsoffin mutane yawanci suna zaune a yankunan gabashin gabashin Tekun Atlantika da na Tekun Fasifik.
Menene jirgin ruwa mai ci?
Hoto: Kifin Jirgin Ruwa
Jirgin ruwa yana tasowa da sauri, fikayen bayanshi suna ninkewa rabinsa don biɗan farauta. Lokacin da jiragen ruwa suka farma makarantar kifi, sukan ninka abinsu gaba daya, suna kaiwa saurin harin 110 km / h. Da zarar sun kusanci abinsu, da sauri sukan juya hancinsu masu kaifi su bugi abincin, abin birgewa ko kashe shi. Jirgin ruwan ko dai yana farauta shi kaɗai ko kuma a ƙananan rukuni. Nau'ukan jinsunan kifin da jirgin ruwa ya cinye ya dogara da yanayin yanayin rayuwar mutanan su. Ragowar cephalopods da muƙamuƙin kifi da aka samo a cikin cikinsu suna ba da shawarar saurin haɗuwa da tsokoki masu taushi.
Kayan aikin jirgin ruwan yau da kullun sune:
- mackerel;
- kifin sardine;
- ƙananan kifi mai laushi;
- anchovies;
- squid;
- kifin kifi;
- kayan kwalliya;
- mackerel;
- Semi-kifi;
- ruwan teku;
- kifin saber;
- katuwar caranx;
- cephalopods.
Abubuwan da aka lura da su a karkashin ruwa sun nuna kwale-kwalen da ke tashi cikin sauri zuwa makarantun kifayen, sannan birki a cikin lanƙwasa mai kaifi da kashe kifin da ke kusa da saurin takobi, sannan haɗiyewa. Yawancin mutane galibi suna nuna halayen ƙungiyar kuma suna aiki tare a farautar. Hakanan suna kirkirar al'ummomin neman abinci tare da wasu masu cin abincin ruwa kamar su dolphins, shark, tuna da mackerel.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: larananan tsutsar tsuntsaye na kifin kifi na ciyarwa galibi a kanabubuwa, amma yayin da girman yake ƙaruwa, abincin da sauri yana sauyawa zuwa tsutsa da ƙananan kifi masu millan milimita kaɗan.
Lalacewa ta hanyar kifin da ke tafiya yana rage saurin ninkayarsu, tare da kifayen da suka ji rauni galibi ana samunsu a bayan makarantar fiye da tsayayyen kifi. Lokacin da jirgin ruwa ya kusanci wata makarantar sardines, yawanci sardines suna juyawa suna shawagi a kishiyar shugabanci. A sakamakon haka, kifin da ke tafiya cikin jirgin ya afka wa makarantar sardine daga baya, yana sanya waɗanda ke baya cikin haɗari.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Jirgin ruwan kifin mai sauri
Kashe yawancin lokacinsu a cikin 10 na sama na layin ruwa, jiragen ruwa da kyar suke nitsewa zuwa zurfin mita 350 don neman abinci. Su masu cin zarafi ne kuma suna cin abinci duk lokacin da zai yiwu. A matsayinsu na dabbobin ƙaura, kifayen sun fi so su bi raƙuman ruwan teku tare da ruwan teku, wanda zafin jikinsa ke shawagi sama da 28 ° C.
Gaskiya mai kayatarwa: Jirgin ruwa daga yankin Indo-Pacific, wanda aka yiwa alama tare da alamun adana tauraron dan adam, an bin diddigin tafiya sama da kilomita 3,600 don fadadawa ko neman abinci. Kowane mutum yana yin iyo a cikin manyan makarantu, an tsara su da girma a matsayin samartaka, kuma sun ƙirƙira ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a matsayin manya. Wasu lokuta jiragen ruwa suna tafiya su kadai. Wannan yana nuna cewa jiragen ruwa na Indo-Pacific suna ciyarwa cikin rukuni-rukuni gwargwadon girmansu.
Kifin kifin kifin na iyo duk don dogon tafiya kuma galibi yana zama kusa da gabar ko kusa da tsibirin. Suna farauta cikin rukunin dabbobi har zuwa 70. Kawai kowane hari na biyar yana haifar da nasarar hakar ma'adinai. Bayan lokaci, yawancin kifayen suna rauni, yana sauƙaƙa kama su.
Kullum ana ajiye filafilin yana ninkewa yayin iyo kuma yana tashi ne kawai lokacin da kifin ya kawo hari ga abincinsa. Jirgin da aka ɗaga yana rage girgiza kai ta kai, wanda wataƙila zai sa tsawan bakin ya zama baya ganin kifi. Wannan dabarar tana bawa kifin da ke tafiya cikin ruwa damar sanya bakinsu kusa da makarantun kifi, ko ma sa su a ciki, ba tare da ganima ta gan su ba, kafin su buge shi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Jirgin Ruwa a cikin ruwa
Jiragen ruwa suna yin kiwo duk shekara. Mata na tsawaita dorsal fin don jan hankalin abokan aure. Maza suna gudanar da tsere masu gasa don mata, wanda ya ƙare a cikin zuriya don namiji mai nasara. A lokacin da ake haihuwa a yammacin Tekun Fasifik, wani jirgin ruwa mai tsawon sama da 162 cm ya yi ƙaura daga Tekun Gabas ta Sin zuwa kudancin Ostiraliya don yin zina. Ya bayyana cewa jiragen ruwan da ke gabar tekun Mexico suna bin dusar ƙanƙan ruwa 28 ° zuwa kudu.
A cikin Tekun Indiya, akwai babban alaƙa da rarraba waɗannan kifaye da watanni na damunan arewa maso gabas, lokacin da ruwa ya kai yanayin da ya dace da sama da 27 ° C. Jirgin ruwan jirgin ruwan yana taɓarɓarewa a cikin shekara a cikin yankuna masu zafi da ƙauyuka na tekuna, yayin da babban lokacin kiwonsu ke rani. a manyan tsaunuka. A wannan lokacin, waɗannan kifin na iya haifuwa sau da yawa. An kiyasta yawan mata daga ƙwai miliyan 0.8 zuwa ƙwai miliyan 1.6.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar kwale-kwalen shine shekaru 13 zuwa 15, amma matsakaicin shekarun samfuran kamala shine shekaru 4 zuwa 5.
Eggswai da suka manyanta suna translucent kuma suna da diamita kusan 0.85 mm. Qwai yana ƙunshe da ƙaramin ƙwallan mai wanda ke ba da abinci mai gina jiki ga amfrayo mai girma. Duk da cewa yawan lokutan girma a lokutan, yanayin ruwa da samuwar abinci, girman sabbin kyankyasar da aka kyankyashe yawanci yana daukar nauyin tsayi 1.96 mm, yana karuwa zuwa 2.8 mm bayan kwana 3 kuma zuwa 15.2 mm bayan 18 kwanaki. Yaran yara suna girma sosai a shekarar farko, tare da mata masu saurin girma fiye da maza kuma suna saurin balaga. Bayan shekarar farko, yawan ci gaban ya ragu.
Abokan gaba na jiragen ruwa
Hoto: Yaya jirgin kwale-kwale yake
Jirgin ruwan kifi ne mafi girman kifi na fatawa, saboda haka, farauta akan mutane masu ba da ruwa kyauta na jinsin ba safai ake samunsu ba. Suna da tasirin gaske game da yawan abincin ganima a cikin halittun da ke cikin teku. Kari akan haka, kifayen suna daukar bakuncin wasu kwayoyin cuta.
Mafi yawan jiragen ruwan jirgi ana kai hari ta:
- sharks (Selachii);
- kifayen kifayen teku (Orcinus orca);
- farin shark (C. charcharias);
- mutane (Homo Sapiens).
Kifi ne na kasuwanci wanda shima aka kama azaman kama-shi a cikin kamun kifin tuna na duniya. Masunta suna kama kifi da bazata tare da raga-raga, tarko, harbo da raga. Jirgin ruwan yana da mahimmanci kamar kifin wasanni. Naman yana da duhu ja kuma bashi da kyau kamar shuɗin marlin. Kamun kifin wasanni na iya haifar da barazanar gida, musamman tunda yana faruwa a kusa da bakin teku da kewayen tsibirin.
Ana samun mafi girman kamun kifi a cikin teku a gabashin Tekun Fasifik daga Kudancin Amurka, inda jinsunan ke tallafawa kamun kifin wasanni na miliyoyin daloli (kama da saki). A cikin kamun kifi na dogon lokaci a cikin Costa Rica, an jefar da nau'in kifi da yawa yayin da aka ba da izinin kamun kifin ya kawo kashi 15% kawai na kamun kifin a cikin jirgin ruwan, don haka da alama kamun zai ragu. Bayanai na kwanan nan na kama-kama (CPUE) daga masunta a Amurka ta Tsakiya sun kawo damuwa.
A cikin Tekun Atlantika, ana kama wannan nau'in galibi a cikin masunta masu tsawo, da kuma wasu kayan aikin kere kere, waɗanda sune kifayen da aka keɓe ga marlin, da masunta iri daban-daban na wasanni waɗanda ke gefen kowane gefen Tekun Atlantika. Usearin amfani da na'urori masu kafa (FADs) don masana'antun kere kere da na wasanni da yawa suna ƙara raunin waɗannan hannayen jari. Yawancin samfuran kimantawa suna nuna yawan kifi, musamman a gabas maimakon yammacin Tekun Atlantika.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Jirgin Ruwa
Kodayake a baya ba a sanya kamun kifin kamun kifin a cikin hatsarin ba, amma hukumar kula da kamun kifin Tuna ta Tekun Indiya na ganin kamun kifin ya zama maras kyau a bayanai saboda karuwar matsin lambar kamun kifi da ke akwai. An tsara wannan jinsin masu yawan ƙaura a cikin Shafi I zuwa Yarjejeniyar 1982 akan Dokar Tekun.
An rarraba lambar jirgin ruwan a cikin tekuna. Tekun Atlantika yana da hajojin jirgin ruwa guda biyu: daya a yammacin Atlantika da kuma daya a gabashin Atlantic. Akwai rashin tabbas game da matsayin hannun jari a tekun Atlantika, amma yawancin samfuran suna ba da shaidar kamun kifi, tare da yawa a gabas fiye da yamma.
Gabashin Tekun Pacific. Kamawa sun kasance masu daidaito cikin shekaru 10-25 da suka gabata. Akwai wasu alamun raguwar gida. Adadin jimillan jirgin ruwan ya kai kashi 80% cikin ƙasa da matakin 1964 a Costa Rica, Guatemala da Panama. Girman kifin ganima ya zama ƙasa da 35% fiye da da. Yammacin Central Pacific. Bayanai game da kifin jirgin ruwa galibi ba a yin rikodin su, duk da haka, tabbas ba a sami raguwa ba.
Tekun Indiya. Kama wasu jiragen ruwa a wasu lokuta ana haɗuwa da wasu nau'in kifayen. Ba a samun bayanai game da marvin da filafish don yawan yankin Pacific sai dai ƙididdigar FAO, waɗanda ba su da bayanai kamar yadda aka gabatar da nau'ikan a matsayin ƙungiya mai haɗuwa. Akwai rahotanni game da raguwar jiragen ruwa masu tafiya a Indiya da Iran.
Jirgin Ruwa kifaye masu kyan gaske wanda shine kyakkyawar ganima don zurfin masunta. Ana amfani da namansa don yin sashimi da sushi. A gefen tekun Amurka, Cuba, Hawaii, Tahiti, Ostiraliya, Peru, New Zealand, galibi ana kama jirgin ruwa a kan sandar juyawa. Ernest Hemingway ya kasance mai sha'awar irin wannan lokacin wasan. A Havana, ana gudanar da gasar kamun kifi kowace shekara don tunawa da Hemingway. A cikin Seychelles, kamun jirgin ruwa na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan da yawon buɗe ido ke yi.
Ranar bugawa: 10/14/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 08/30/2019 a 21:14
