Marlin Wani nau'in kifi ne mai tsayi, mai hanci mai hanci wanda yake jikin mutum mai tsayi, doguwar dorsal da hancin zagaye wanda yake fitowa daga bakin mashi. Masu yawo ne da aka samo a ko'ina cikin duniya a kusa da gabar teku kuma dabbobi ne masu cin nama waɗanda galibi ke ciyar da sauran kifaye. Ana cin su kuma suna da kima sosai daga masunta na wasanni.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Marlin
Marlin memba ne na dangin marlin, tsari mai kama da tsari.
Yawancin lokaci akwai manyan nau'ikan marlin guda huɗu:
- Shuɗin marlin da aka samo a duk duniya babban kifi ne, wani lokaci yana da nauyin kilogram 450 ko fiye. Dabba ce mai launin shuɗi mai duhu tare da azurfar azurfa kuma sau da yawa ratsi tsaye a tsaye. Yankin shudi masu shuɗi suna nitsewa cikin zurfi kuma sun fi sauri sauri fiye da sauran layin gezau;
- bakin marlin ya zama mai girma ko ma ya fi shuɗi girma. An san shi da nauyin fiye da kilogiram 700. Indo-Pacific shuɗi ko shuɗi mai haske, launin toka a sama da haske ƙasa. Abubuwan da ke da wuyan fuka-fukai suna da kusurwa kuma ba za su iya kwantawa cikin jiki ba tare da ƙarfi ba;
- taguwar marlin, wani kifin a cikin Indo-Pacific, mai launin shuɗi a sama da fari a ƙasa tare da raƙuman ratsi tsaye. Yawancin lokaci bai wuce kilogiram 125 ba. Marlin da aka tintsi sananne ne saboda ikon faɗarsa kuma yana da suna don ba da ƙarin lokaci a cikin iska fiye da ruwa bayan an kama shi. An san su da dogon gudu da tafiye-tafiye;
- Farin marlin (M. albida ko T. albidus) yana iyaka da Tekun Atlantika kuma yana da launin shuɗi-shuɗi mai launi mai ƙyalƙyali mai haske da ratsi mai ƙyalli a ɓangarorin. Matsakaicin matsakaicinsa ya kai kilogram 45. Farar fata, duk da cewa sune ƙananan ƙananan lamuran, nauyinsu bai wuce kilogiram 100 ba, ana buƙatarsu saboda saurin su, ƙwarewar tsalle da kuma rikitarwa na ƙira da kama su.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yadda marlin yake
Alamomin shuda marlin sune kamar haka:
- spiky fin fin dorsal fin wanda baya kaiwa matsakaicin zurfin jiki;
- ƙananan firam (gefen) ba wuya, amma ana iya juya shi zuwa ga jiki;
- cobalt blue baya wanda ya dushe zuwa fari. Dabbar tana da ratsin shuɗi mai shuɗi wanda koyaushe yakan ɓace bayan mutuwa;
- surar jikin mutum gaba daya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Black marlin wani lokaci ana kiransa "bijimin teku" saboda tsananin ƙarfi, girmansa da kuma jimiri mai ban mamaki idan aka kama shi. Duk wannan a bayyane yake sanya su sanannen kifi. Wani lokacin suna iya samun hayakin azurfa wanda yake rufe jikinsu, wanda yake nufin wani lokaci ana kiransu da "marlin azurfa".
Bidiyo: Marlin
Alamomin bakin marlin:
- ƙananan ƙarancin dorsal dangane da zurfin jiki (mafi ƙanƙanci fiye da mafi yawan marlins);
- baki da jiki sun fi sauran halittu gajere;
- duhun shudi mai duhu ya shuɗe zuwa cikin azurfa;
- fikafin wucin gadi wanda ba zai iya ninka ba.
Farin marlin yana da sauƙin ganewa. Ga abin da ya kamata a nema:
- fin din din yana zagaye, galibi ya wuce zurfin jiki;
- wuta, wani lokacin koren launi;
- tabo a cikin ciki, da kuma kan ƙoshin bayan hanji da ƙuraje.
Abubuwan halayyar marlin mai taguwar sune kamar haka:
- spiky dorsal fin, wanda zai iya zama sama da zurfin jikinsa;
- ana bayyane ratsi mai shuɗi, wanda ya kasance koda bayan mutuwa;
- siraran, yanayin jikin da ya matse;
- sassauƙan fuka fukai.
Ina marlin take rayuwa?
Hoto: Marlin a cikin Tekun Atlantika
Blue marlins sune kifaye masu zafi, amma ba safai ake samunsu a cikin ruwan teku ba ƙasa da zurfin mita 100. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, shuɗi ya fi rarraba wurare masu zafi. Ana iya samun su a gabas da yamma na ruwan Ostiraliya kuma ya dogara da igiyoyin ruwan dumi, har zuwa kudu zuwa Tasmania. Ana iya samun shuɗin marlin a cikin Tekun Pacific da Tekun Atlantika. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa shuɗin marlin da aka samo a cikin Tekun Pacific da na Tekun Atlantika jinsuna biyu ne daban-daban, kodayake wannan mahangar ba ta jayayya. Da alama ma'anar ita ce cewa akwai mafi yawan marlin a cikin Pacific fiye da na Atlantic.
Black marlin galibi ana samunsa a cikin Tekun Indiya da Tekun Pacific. Suna iyo a cikin ruwan bakin ruwa da kewayen raƙuman ruwa da tsibirai, amma kuma suna yawo a manyan teku. Da kyar suke zuwa raƙuman ruwa, wasu lokuta suna kewayen Cape of Good Hope zuwa Tekun Atlantika.
Farar fata suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai zafi da kuma yanayi mai zafi na Tekun Atlantika, gami da Tekun Mexico, Caribbean, da Yammacin Bahar Rum. Ana iya samun su sau da yawa a cikin ƙananan ruwa kusa da bakin teku.
Ana samun bakin ciki a bakin ruwa mai zafi da zafi mai zafi na Pacific da Tekun Indiya. Marlin da aka tintsi nau'in halittu ne masu zurfin kaura da ake samu a zurfin mita 289. Ba kasafai ake ganin su a cikin ruwan bakin teku ba, sai dai lokacin da ake samun raguwar abubuwa cikin zurfin ruwa. Marlin da aka tintsi galibi shi kaɗai ne, amma yana ƙirƙirar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a lokacin bazara. Suna farautar ganima cikin ruwa a cikin dare.
Yanzu kun san inda marlin yake zaune. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kifin yake ci.
Menene marlin yake ci?
Hotuna: Marlin kifi
Blue marlin kifi ne wanda aka san shi don yin ƙaura na yanayi na yau da kullun, yana motsawa zuwa masarautar a lokacin sanyi da bazara. Suna cin abinci akan kifin epipelagic da suka hada da mackerel, sardines, da anchovies. Hakanan zasu iya ciyarwa akan squid da ƙananan crustaceans lokacin da aka basu dama. Blue marlins suna daga cikin kifi mafi sauri a cikin teku kuma suna amfani da bakinsu su ratsa manyan makarantu kuma su dawo su ci mutanen da suka kamu da mamaki da waɗanda suka ji rauni.
Black marlin shine mafi girman masu farauta waɗanda ke ciyar da akasari akan ƙananan tuna, amma kuma akan wasu kifaye, kifin kifi, kifin kifi, kifayen kifi da ma manyan ɓawon burodi. Abinda aka ayyana shi a matsayin "ƙaramin kifi" shine ma'anar dangi, musamman idan kayi la'akari da cewa an sami babban marlin wanda nauyin sa ya wuce 500 kg tare da tuna mai nauyin sama da kilo 50 a cikin ta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Nazarin da ke kusa da gabar gabashin Australia ya nuna cewa kamawar bakin marlin a lokacin da yake cika wata da kuma makonni bayan wasu nau'ikan dabbobin da suka fara gangarowa suna zurfafawa daga saman shimfidar, wanda hakan ya tilastawa marlin din din din zuwa wani yanki mai fadi.
Farin marlin yana cin abinci iri-iri a kusa da farfajiyar da rana, da suka hada da mackerel, herring, dolphins da kifin da ke tashi, da squid da kadoji.
Marlin mai taguwar yana da ƙarfi sosai, yana ciyar da ƙananan ƙananan kifi da dabbobin ruwa irin su mackerel, squid, sardines, anchovies, lanceolate fish, sardines da tuna. Suna farauta a yankuna daga saman teku zuwa zurfin mita 100. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan marlin ba, bakin marlin yana yanke ganima da bakinsa maimakon huda shi.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Blue Marlin
Marlin kifi ne mai tsananin tashin hankali, mai saurin farauta wanda ke ba da amsa mai kyau ga fantsama da tafarkin da aka gabatar na ƙagaggen roba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Fishi don marlin shine ɗayan ƙalubale mafi ban sha'awa ga kowane mai kifi. Marlin yana da sauri, mai tsere kuma yana da girma ƙwarai. Marlin da aka tintsi shine kifi na biyu mafi sauri a duniya, yin iyo a cikin sauri har zuwa 80 km / h. Gudun maɓallin baƙar fata da shuɗi kuma ya bar yawancin sauran kifayen da ke biye da su.
Da zarar an kama su, lamuran nuna dabarun wasan acrobatic wadanda suka cancanci yar rawa - ko kuma watakila zaiyi daidai idan aka kwatanta su da bijimi. Suna rawa kuma suna tsalle a cikin iska a ƙarshen layinku, suna ba maƙerin angizon yakin rayuwarsa. Ba abin mamaki bane, kamun kifin marlin yana da kusan matsayi na almara tsakanin masunta a duniya.
Marlin da aka tintsi ɗayan ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan kifayen da ke da kyawawan halaye.:
- waɗannan kifin ba su da kaɗaici a yanayi kuma yawanci suna rayuwa su kaɗai;
- suna kirkirar kananan kungiyoyi a lokacin bazara;
- wannan nau'in yana farauta da rana;
- suna amfani da dogon bakunansu don farauta da dalilan kariya;
- waɗannan kifayen galibi ana ganin su suna iyo a kusa da ƙwallan bait (ƙananan kifin da ke iyo a cikin ƙananan sifofin ƙira), wanda ke haifar musu da jan hankali. Daga nan sai suyi iyo ta cikin ƙwallon ƙafa cikin sauri, suna kama ganimar rauni.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Atlantic Marlin
Marlin shuɗi mai yawan ƙaura ne kuma saboda haka ba a san komai game da lokacin haihuwa da ɗabi'unsa. Koyaya, suna da yawan gaske, suna samar da ƙwai har zuwa 500,000 a kowace haihuwa. Suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. Blue marlins spawn a tsakiyar Pacific da tsakiyar Mexico. Sun fi son yanayin zafi tsakanin digiri 20 zuwa 25 a ma'aunin Celsius kuma suna cinye mafi yawan lokacinsu kusa da saman ruwan.
Sanannun wuraren da ake sanyawa don bakin marlin, dangane da kasancewar larvae da yara, an iyakance su zuwa yankuna masu zafi mai zafi lokacin da zafin ruwan yake kusan 27-28 ° C. Ragewa yana faruwa a wasu takamaiman lokuta a wasu yankuna na yamma da arewacin Pacific, a tekun Indiya daga arewa maso yamma shiryayye daga Exmouth, kuma mafi yawanci a cikin Tekun Coral da ke kan babbar shingen ruwa kusa da Cairns a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba. Anan, an lura da halayyar pre-spawn lokacin da manyan mata suka biyo bayan werean maza da yawa. Adadin kwan kwayaron bakin mace zai iya wuce miliyan 40 a kowane kifi.
Marlin da aka yiwa ratsi ya kai shekarun balaga yana da shekaru 2-3. Maza sun balaga fiye da mata. Spawning yana faruwa a lokacin rani. Ididdigar da aka zana dabbobi ne masu auratayya masu yawa waɗanda mata suke sakin ƙwai a kowane fewan kwanaki, tare da abubuwan da ke haifar da ɓarkewar 4-41 da ke faruwa a lokacin bazara. Mata na iya samar da ƙwai har zuwa miliyan 120 a kowane lokacin haihuwa. Tsarin dusar kankara na farin marlin har yanzu ba a yi nazarin shi dalla-dalla ba. Abin sani kawai sanannen abu ne da ke faruwa a lokacin bazara a cikin zurfin zurfin teku mai yanayin zafi mai zafi.
Maƙiyan makiya na lamuran lamuran yau da kullun
Hotuna: Big Marlin
Marlins ba su da wasu abokan gaba na halitta ban da mutane waɗanda ke girbe su ta hanyar kasuwanci. Ayan mafi kyawun kamun kifin marlin a duniya ana faruwa ne a cikin ruwan dumi na Tekun Pacific a kusa da Hawaii. Wataƙila an kama karin marlin mai shuɗi a nan fiye da ko'ina cikin duniya, kuma an kama wasu daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka taɓa rubutawa a wannan tsibirin. Garin Kona da ke yammacin duniya sananne ne a duniya saboda kamun kifin marlin, ba wai kawai saboda yawan kifi ba, amma kuma saboda ƙwarewa da gogewar manyan hafsoshi.
Daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa Yuli, jiragen ruwa da ke aiki daga Cozumel da Cancun sun haɗu da dumbin shuɗi da fari, da sauran farin kifaye kamar jiragen ruwa masu tafiya cikin ruwan dumi na Kogin Gulf zuwa yankin. Blue marlin ya fi ƙanƙanta a nan fiye da tsakiyar Pacific. Koyaya, ƙaramin kifin, mafi yawan wasan motsa jiki shine, saboda haka masunci har yanzu zai sami kansa a cikin yaƙi mai ban sha'awa.
Bakin fata na farko da aka taɓa kamawa a kan layi kuma ya faɗi ya kama wani likitan Sydney wanda ke kamun kifi daga Port Stephens, New South Wales a cikin 1913. Gabashin gabashin Ostiraliya yanzu ya zama makka mai kama da marlin, tare da marlin mai shuɗi da baƙar fata galibi ana ɗauke shi a kan takaddun masunta a yankin.
The Great Barrier Reef shine kawai wurin da aka tabbatar da kiwo don bakin marlin, yana mai da gabashin Australia daya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren kamun kifin marlin a duniya.
Taguwar marlin a al'adance ita ce babban kifin kifi whale a cikin New Zealand, kodayake masunta lokaci-lokaci suna ɗaukar shuɗin marlin a can. A zahiri, kamun shuɗin marlin a cikin Pacific ya karu cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Yanzu ana samun su koyaushe a cikin tsibirin tsibirai. Waihau Bay da Cape Runaway sanannen sanannen filin kamun kifin marlin ne.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Yadda marlin yake
Dangane da kimantawa na 2016, marlin shuɗi na Pacific ba a cika cin kifi ba. Theungiyar Aikin Billfish ce ke gudanar da kimanta yawan mutanen a cikin shuɗin marlin na Pacific, Committeeungiyar Kwamitin Kimiyya ta Internationalasa ta reshen tuna da irin nau'in tuna a Arewacin Pacific.
Farin marlin mai tamani yana ɗaya daga cikin kifin da aka ci kaɗan a cikin teku. Batu ne na kokarin sake gina kasa da kasa. Wani sabon bincike yanzu yana nuna cewa irin wannan nau'in, kifin mai zagaye da ruwan gishiri, ya samar da wani adadi mai yawa na kifin da aka gano a matsayin "farin marlin." Don haka, bayanin halittu na yanzu game da farin marlin wataƙila nau'ikan na biyu zai iya mamaye shi, kuma ƙididdigar da ta gabata game da yawan farin marlin ba ta da tabbas a halin yanzu.
Ba a tantance kimar baƙar fata ba ko ana yi musu barazana ko kuma suna cikin haɗari. Ana sayar da naman su a sanyaye ko sanyaya a cikin Amurka kuma a shirya su kamar sashimi a Japan. Koyaya, a wasu yankuna na Ostiraliya an hana su saboda yawan abubuwan selenium da na mercury.
An jera marlin a taguwar a cikin Red Book kuma jinsin marlin ne mai kariya. A Ostiraliya, ana kama marlin a kowane yanki gabas da yamma kuma yana da nau'ikan nau'in masunta. Marlin da aka tintsi nau'in ne wanda yake fifita yanayin wurare masu zafi, mai yanayi da kuma wani lokacin ruwan sanyi. Hakanan ana iya faranta marlin a wasu lokuta don dalilai na nishaɗi a cikin Queensland, New South Wales da Victoria. Wadannan kamun nishaɗin ana sarrafa su ta hanyar gwamnatocin jihohi.
Ba a haɗa da bakin ciki a cikin IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Koyaya, Greenpeace International ta haɗa waɗannan kifin a cikin jerin kayan cin abincinsa na teku a cikin 2010 yayin da lamuran ke raguwa saboda yawan kifi. Kamun kifin kasuwanci na wannan kifin ya zama haramtacce a yankuna da yawa. An shawarci mutanen da suka kama wannan kifin don abubuwan nishaɗi da su sake jefa shi cikin ruwa kuma kada su cinye ko su sayar.
Marlin mai gadi
Hotuna: Marlene daga littafin Red
Wanda aka tintsi marlin kama shine abin da aka kayyade. Wannan yana nufin cewa kamun kifin da masunta ke yi yana da nauyin nauyi. Hakanan iyakantacce shine nau'in magance wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don kama marlin. Ana buƙatar masunta kasuwanci su kammala rikodin rikodin su a kowane tafiye-tafiyen kamun kifi da kuma lokacin da suka sauka kifin a tashar jirgin ruwa. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen lura da yawan kifin da aka kama.
Saboda wasu ƙasashe da yawa a yamma da tsakiyar Pacific da Tekun Indiya suna kama marlin mai taguwar ruwa, Hukumar Kifi ta Yamma da Tsakiyar Pacific da Tuna na Tekun Indiya sune ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da ke da alhakin kula da Tuna na wurare masu zafi da sauran kifaye a cikin Pacific. da Tekun Indiya da duniya. Ostiraliya memba ce a dukkanin kwamitocin biyu, tare da wasu manyan jihohin kamun kifi da ƙananan ƙasashe tsibiri.
Kwamitocin suna haduwa a kowace shekara don yin nazarin sabbin bayanan kimiyya da ke akwai kuma saita iyakokin kama duniya don manyan nau'ikan tuna da na yawo kamar su marlin.Sun kuma fayyace abin da kowane memba ya kamata ya yi don gudanar da kamun kifin na Tunawa da nau'ikan ruwa, kamar jigilar masu sa ido, musayar bayanan kamun kifi da bin diddigin jiragen kamun kifi ta tauraron dan adam.
Har ila yau, Hukumar ta sanya bukatun masu lura da kimiyya, bayanan kamun kifi, bin diddigin jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi da kayan kamun kifi don rage tasirin da ke tattare da rayuwar namun daji.
Marlin - wani nau'in kifi mai ban mamaki. Abun takaici, da sannu zasu iya zama jinsin da ake yiwa barazana idan mutane suka ci gaba da kamasu don dalilai na masana'antu. Saboda wannan dalili, kungiyoyi daban-daban a duniya ke daukar matakai don dakatar da cin wannan kifin. Ana iya samun Marlin a cikin duk tekun duniya mai dumi da yanayi. Marlin wani nau'in jinsin ƙaura ne masu ƙaura da aka sani suna tafiya ɗaruruwan kilomita a cikin igiyoyin ruwan teku don neman abinci. Marlin da aka yiwa ratsi kamar yana ɗaukar yanayin sanyi fiye da kowane nau'in.
Ranar bugawa: 08/15/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 28.08.2019 a 0:00
