Kurege na teku Shine babban dabba mai shayarwa, wanda ke cikin gidan hatimai na gaskiya. Kurege na teku dabbobi ne masu tsananin wahala kamar yadda suke rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin hali na yankin Arewa mai Nisa, ana iya samunsu a gabar Arewa, Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Fasifik. Wadannan dabbobin sun sami suna ne saboda tsoronsu da kuma yadda suke tafiya a kan tudu. Erignathus barbatus nau'in jinsi ne na gama gari, duk da cewa ana farautar waɗannan dabbobi koyaushe, tunda nama, kitse da fatar dabbar suna da ƙimar gaske, nau'in ba ya buƙatar kariya ta musamman.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: hatimin gemu
Zomo na teku ko kuma kamar yadda ake kiran wannan dabba da gemu mai gemu, dabba ce wacce aka keɓe daga rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsarin masu farauta, dangin hatimi na gaske. Jinsi Erignathus nau'in zomo ne na teku. Wannan nau'in ya fara bayyana ne daga masanin kimiyyar nan na Jamus Johann Christian Polycarp a shekarar 1777. A baya can, masana kimiyya sun dauki finnipeds a matsayin 'yanci mai zaman kanta na Pinnipedia.
Bidiyo: Tsuntsaye na teku
Manyan dabbobin zamani sun fito ne daga dabbobi na tsari Desmostylia wanda ya rayu a lokacin Desmostylian daga farkon Oligocene zuwa ƙarshen Miocene. Iyali na gaske hatimi yana da nau'ikan 19 da jinsi 13. Kwanan nan, a cikin 2009, masana kimiyya sun kirkiro bayanin magabatan Puijila darwini wanda shekarun sa burbushin su shekaru miliyan 24-20 ne. An gano burbushin halittu a gabar tekun Greenland. Kurege na teku manyan dabbobi ne. Tsawon jikin hatimin gemu yakai kimanin mita 2-2.5. Nauyin babban mutum zai iya kaiwa kilogram 360 a lokacin sanyi.
Hatimin gemu yana da babban jiki. Kan yana da girman girma kuma yana da siffar zagaye. Dabbar tana da muƙamuƙi masu ƙarfi don yage abin da yake ganima, amma haƙoran dabba ƙananan ne kuma suna saurin lalacewa. Launin hatimin gemu shine shuɗi-shuɗi. Zomo na teku ya samo sunansa saboda yanayin da ba a saba da shi ba don hatimai su motsa a kan ƙasa ta tsalle. Duk da girman su, dabbobi suna da kunya sosai kuma suna ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa daga idanuwan.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Menene kurege na teku yake kama
Lakhtak dabba ce mai girman gaske wacce take da babban jiki mai tsayi, karamin kai mai zagaye da daskararre maimakon kafafu. Girman babban mutum ya kai kimanin mita 2-2.5. Nauyin babban namiji ya kai 360 kg. Nauyin jiki ya bambanta sosai dangane da yanayi da ƙimar rayuwa. Girman axillary yakai cm 150-160. Maza sun fi mata girma sosai. A waje, dabbobin suna da matukar damuwa, kodayake a cikin ruwa zasu iya motsawa cikin sauri da iyo sosai.
Kan dabba yana da zagaye; idanu kanana ne. Idanun duhu ne masu launi. Muƙamuƙin dabba suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, amma haƙoran suna ƙananan kuma da sauri suna lalacewa. Manya da tsofaffin mutane kusan basu da haƙora, saboda suna lalacewa da wuri kuma suna faɗuwa. Hakanan bakin yana da ɗan gashin siriri mai tsayi, wanda ke da alhakin ma'anar taɓawa. Hatimin gemu ba shi da kunnuwa kusan; wannan nau'in yana da auricles na ciki ne kawai.
Gashin hatimin gemu bashi da yawa. Launin baligi ya zama fari-fari. A baya, gashi ya fi duhu. A gaban bakin fuska da kewaye idanun, launin rigar ya kasance rawaya ne. Ci gaban matasa a cikin wannan nau'in yana da launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, wanda ya bambanta da sauran wakilan wannan dangin. Sauran alamun an haife su a cikin farin farin farin gashi. Babu bambanci a launi tsakanin mace da namiji. Tsoffin mutane kusan fararen launi ne. Gefen gaban suna kusan kusan a wuya, yayin da wuyan kansa kusan baya nan. Karamin kai tsaye yana shiga cikin jiki. Kurege na teku suna yin sauti mai ƙarfi kama da rurin beyar, musamman idan akwai haɗari. Yayin wasannin dabbar ta kwana, maza suna bushewa a cikin ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin bazara, maza suna raira waƙoƙi tare da babbar muryar su a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Ga mutum, wannan waƙar kamar dogon bushe-bushe ce. Sauti na iya zama daɗaɗa da girma, ko suna iya zama maras ban sha'awa. Namiji yana jan hankalin matan da waƙoƙin sa, kuma matan da suka daina ciyar da thean kuzari da madararsu sun amsa wannan kiran.
Tsawon rayuwar maza ya kai kimanin shekaru 25, mata suna da tsayi da yawa, har zuwa shekaru 30-32. Babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa shi ne kamuwa da cutar helminth da ruɓe haƙori.
A ina kurege na teku yake rayuwa?
Hoto: Toshe kuregen teku
Kureren teku suna rayuwa a gabar tekun Arctic da kuma tekun Arctic, galibi a yankunan zurfin zurfin zurfin ruwa. Ana iya samun zomo na teku a gabar Tekun Kara, Fari, Barents da Laptev, a cikin ruwan Spitsbergen da ke Tsibirin New Siberia. Hakanan ana samunsa a yamma da Tekun Siberia ta Gabas. Akwai yawan mutanen da ke gemunan gemu waɗanda aka ware daga juna. Don haka, an lura da mutanen Pacific da Atlantic.
Subsasashen Pacific suna rayuwa a gabashin gabashin gabashin Siberian East. Mazaunin wannan nau'in ya fadada zuwa Cape Barrow. Lakhtaks suna zaune a gabar Tekun Barents da Tekun Adyghe. Subsungiyoyin Atlantika suna zaune ne a gaɓar arewacin Norway, kusa da gabar Greenland da kuma cikin Arctic Arctic Archipelago. Wasu lokuta akwai ƙananan ƙauyuka na hatimin gemu kusa da Pole ta Arewa.
A dabi'arsu, dabbobi masu gemu dabbobi ne marasa nutsuwa kuma basa yin hijirar lokaci da son ransu, duk da haka, galibi ana ɗauke da su ta hanyar nesa da dabbobin kankara. Wasu lokuta hatimin gemu na iya yin tafiya mai nisa don neman abinci. A lokacin dumi, waɗannan dabbobin suna taruwa a mashigar ruwa kusa da ƙananan bakin teku. Rookery na iya lambobi har zuwa ɗari ɗari. A lokacin hunturu, hatimin gemu suna motsawa zuwa kankara kuma suna zaune a can cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na mutane da yawa. Hakanan wasu mutane sun kasance a kan ƙasa a cikin hunturu, za su iya haƙa ramuka a cikin dusar ƙanƙara tare da rami zuwa teku.
Yanzu kun san inda zomo ke rayuwa ko hatimin gemu. Bari mu ga abin da suke ci.
Menene kurege na teku yake ci?
Hotuna: Lakhtak, ko kurege na teku
Kurege na teku sune sanannun kayan rayuwa. Suna ciyar da dabbobin da suke rayuwa a ƙasan teku da kuma ɓangaren ƙasa a zurfin kusan mita 55-60. Kodayake waɗannan dabbobin na iya sauka zuwa zurfin mita 145. A lokacin farauta a zurfin mita 100 zai iya tsayawa har zuwa minti 20, amma a kan tafiye-tafiye zai iya zama a zurfin zurfin da ya kai mita 60-70. A wannan zurfin, dabbobi sun fi jin daɗi, saboda haka waɗannan dabbobin ba a samun su a cikin zurfin teku mai zurfin gaske. Zasu iya zuwa waɗancan wurare akan yawo a kan kankara.
Abincin cin abincin hares na gemu ya hada da:
- gastropods;
- cephalopods;
- islanic scallop;
- macoma calcarea;
- polychaetes;
- kifi (narkewa, herring, cod, wani lokacin tambarin, gerbil da omul);
- kadoji;
- jatan lande;
- echiurids;
- kayan kwalliya kamar kaguwa masu dusar ƙanƙara, da sauransu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yayin farauta, kuregen teku na iya zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa na tsawon mintuna 20 a babban zurfin.
Kurege na teku suna kama kifi a cikin ruwa. Masu farauta suna ɗaga kaguwa, jatan lande da mollusks daga ƙasa a cikin wannan dabbar tare da manyan faifan su da doguwar fika. Kurege na teku suna da kyau wajen haƙa ƙasa don yin biki a kan ɓawon burodi da kayan kwalliyar da ke ɓoye a ciki. Godiya ga ƙaƙƙarfan jajinsa, zomo mai gemu yana iya cinyewa cikin sauƙin igiyoyin crustaceans. Idan abinci ya yi karanci a mazauninsu, dabbobi na iya yin ƙaura mai nisa don neman abinci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Bakin kuregen bahar
Kurege na teku suna da nutsuwa sosai har ma da dabbobi masu lalaci Suna sannu a hankali, amma kuma basu da inda zasu yi sauri. Ko a lokacin farautar, wadannan dabbobin ba su da wani wuri da za su yi sauri, saboda abincinsu ba zai je ko'ina daga gare su ba. A ƙasa, suna da nutsuwa saboda yanayin tsarin jiki, amma a cikin ruwa suna da kyau sosai. Harsunan teku suna son kashe lokaci shi kaɗai, ba su da sadarwa, amma a lokaci guda kwata-kwata ba su da rikici. A cikin garken sada zumunci, babu wani rikici tsakanin dangi, koda a lokacin kiwo.
Kurege na teku ba sa raba ƙasa kuma ba sa yin gasa don mata. Abinda wadannan dabbobin basa so shine matsattsun yanayi, saboda haka suna kokarin kasancewa kusa da makwabcin yadda zai yiwu a cikin rookeries. Wadannan dabbobin suna da kunya sosai, kuma suna da abin da za su ji tsoro, saboda da yawa daga cikin masu farautar su na farautar su, saboda haka, idan ya yiwu, sai su kwanta yayin da suke kwance kusa da ruwa, dabbobin suna yin hakan ne don lura da hatsarin saurin nutsewa a karkashin ruwa da buya daga bin su. A lokacin bazara, waɗannan dabbobin suna komawa kankara a cikin ƙananan iyalai ko kuma kaɗaici. A kan kankara na kankara, hatimai kan yi ƙaura ta kan hanya mai nisa.
Hares masu gemu suna da kyakkyawar dabi'ar iyaye. Mahaifiyar tana kula da zuriyar na dogon lokaci, daga baya ƙananan hatimin suna bin uwa na dogon lokaci. Amma dangi na hatimai ba su gina wasu biyun da aka kirkira don kiwo na tsawon kwanaki, bayan saduwarsu suka rabu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Hatimin jaririn gemu
Matasa mata suna shirye don saduwa da shekaru 4-6, maza sun girma kaɗan daga baya; a shirye suke don kiwo yana da shekaru 5-7. Lokacin saduwa ga waɗannan dabbobin zai fara a watan Afrilu. Ana iya gano farkon lokacin saduwa ta hanyar waƙoƙin musamman na maza na maza. Maza a shirye don ci gaba da jinsi suna wallafa waƙoƙi masu ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin ruwa, kama da bushewar kira ga mata. Duk da zaman lafiyarsa, yana da wuya a samu wasu tambura guda biyu masu gemu, saboda gaskiyar cewa hatimin gemu ba su da sadarwa sosai. Yin jima'i yana faruwa ne a kan kankara.
Ciki ya mace na tsawon watanni 11. A wannan yanayin, watannin farko ana samun jinkiri wajen dasawa da kuma bunkasa kwayar halittar kwan. Wannan abu ne na al'ada ga duk tsini. Ba tare da latency phase ba, ciki yana ɗaukar watanni 9. A lokacin puan kwikwiyo, mata basa yin gungu, amma puan kwikwiyo da kula da zuriyar kaɗai.
Bayan kusan shekara guda da ciki, mace ta haifi ɗiya ɗaya. Girman jikin kumburin lokacin haihuwa shine cm 120-130. Nauyin daga 25 zuwa 35 kg. Narkakken farko yana faruwa ne a cikin ɗiyar cikin mahaifar. An haifi hatimin gemu tare da launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa. Makonni biyu bayan haihuwa, thea isa na iya iyo. Mahaifiyar tana ciyar da 'ya' yanta da madara a watan farko, daga baya sai 'ya'yan su canza zuwa abinci na yau da kullun. Bayan 'yan makonni bayan ƙarshen ciyarwa, mace tana shirye don saduwa ta gaba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Madara wanda aka saki yayin ciyarwa yana da ƙoshin gaske da gina jiki. Abincin mai na madara ya kai kimanin 60%, jariri zai iya shan lita 8 na madara nono a rana ɗaya.
Abokan gaba na hatimin gemu
Photo: Yaya kamannin kuregen teku yake?
Abokan gaba na hatimin gemu sune:
- Farin beyar;
- kifin whale;
- parasitic helminths da tapeworms.
Polar Bears ana ɗaukarsu abokan gaba masu haɗari na hatimin gemu. Idan beyar ta kama hatimin gemu ba zato ba tsammani, wannan dabba kusan ba ta da hanyar tsira. Bears Belar suna zaune a cikin yanki ɗaya kamar hares, don haka waɗannan dabbobin suna da kunya sosai kuma suna ƙoƙari kada bera ya gan su. Whale masu kashewa sukan kai hari kan waɗannan dabbobin. Kifi Whale sun san cewa hatiman ɗin suna kan kankara kuma suna iyo a ƙarƙashinta suna ƙoƙarin juya shi. Wani lokaci suna tsalle tare da dukkan jikinsu akan kankara sai ya juye. Whale mai kisa yana da nauyin tan 10, kuma galibi suna gudanar da farmaki da hatimin hatimin gemu.
Kamuwa da cuta tare da helminth da kwandon ciki shine babban dalilin mutuwar gemu. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna kwana a cikin hanjin dabbar kuma suna haifar da rashin narkewar abinci. Wani ɓangare na abubuwan ƙarancin abinci ana ɗauke da su ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, idan akwai su da yawa a jikin dabbar, kuregen teku yana mutuwa saboda gajiya. Amma babban abokin gaba da hatsarin makiyin wadannan manyan dabbobi shine mutum. Fata ta hatimin gemu yana da matukar daraja, yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke ba ka damar ƙirƙirar kwale-kwale, bel, damarar barewa daga gare ta.
Hakanan tsakanin mutanen arewa, ana yin takalmin takalmi daga fatar hatimin gemu. Naman dabbar yana da matukar amfani kuma yana da dadi, ana cin kitse da yankakke. Yawancin mazaunan Chukotka suna farautar waɗannan dabbobi. An ba da izinin farauta, an hana hatimin gemu daga jiragen ruwa a kasarmu. An hana farauta kwata-kwata a cikin Tekun Okhotsk.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Zomo, hatimin hatimin gemu
Saboda yawan ƙaura da salon rayuwa, yawan masu gemu da gemu yana da matukar wahalar bi. Dangane da sabon bayanan, akwai kusan mutane 400,000 a duniya. Kuma wannan yana nufin cewa duk da irin farautar rashin tausayin da mutanen arewa ke yiwa wadannan dabbobi, yawan jinsin a wannan lokacin baya cikin barazana. Erignathus barbatus yana da matsayin Least Damuwa. An haramta farautar hatimin gemu a cikin ƙasarmu daga jiragen ruwa. Don amfanin mutum, an ba da izinin farauta a ƙananan ƙananan. A cikin Tekun Okhotsk, an hana farauta kwata-kwata saboda gaskiyar cewa wuraren kifayen kifayen suna aiki a can.
Hares na teku kayan abinci ne na gargajiya ga mazaunan Far North. Kuma farautar wadannan dabbobin ana yin su ne duk tsawon shekara, kusan abu ne mawuyaci a iya bin diddigin adadin mutanen da aka kashe, tunda ana yin farauta a wuraren daji masu tsananin yanayi. Abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli na iya haifar da haɗari ga yawan jama'a.
Gurbacewar ruwa, kamun kifi da yawa a cikin mazaunin hatimi yana sanya dabbobi cikin yunwa, kuma an tilasta musu su nemi sabbin wurare don samun abinci. An adana waɗannan dabbobi ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa yawancin mazaunin dabbobi wurare ne masu tsananin yanayi, inda ba mutane kalilan ko babu. Haresu na teku sun dace sosai da yanayin mahalli mai wuya kuma suna iya zama a wuraren da mutane ba za su iya shiga ba, gaba ɗaya, saboda haka, babu abin da ke barazana ga yawan jama'a.
Kurege na teku dabba mai natsuwa da nutsuwa wacce ke cin abincin musamman na ruwan teku. Wadannan dabbobin suna cikin nutsuwa suna hulɗa da danginsu kuma suna zaune lafiya, amma suna magana kaɗan. Kurege na teku suna tafiya koyaushe, kuma galibi suna yin hakan ba da son ransu ba. Yin iyo a kan yawo a kan kankara a cikin Far North, wace halitta ce gabaɗaya ke iya wannan? Kula da yanayi, bari muyi hankali da waɗannan dabbobin kuma muyi ƙoƙari mu kiyaye yawan tambarin gemu domin al'ummomi masu zuwa suyi sha'awar su.
Ranar bugawa: 30.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 07/30/2019 a 23:03
