Babban shuɗin shuɗi, wanda ake kira da karamin titmouse, wanda aka zana cikin shuɗi mai haske da rawaya mai haske. A cikin aikin kimiyya na Linnaean "Systema Naturae" an ba wannan wakilin mai wucewa suna Cyanistes caeruleus.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Bird gama gari shuɗi
Bulu tit, kamar yadda ake kiran wannan tsuntsun daji, masanin kimiyyar halittu na Switzerland Konrad Gesner ne ya bayyana shi a shekara ta 1555 a matsayin Parus caeruleus, inda kalma ta farko ke nufin "tit" ta biyu kuma tana nufin "shuɗi mai duhu" ko "azure". Sunan zamani - Cyanistes ya fito ne daga tsohuwar kuanos ta Girka, wanda kuma ke nufin shuɗi mai haske.
An samo tsoffin ragowar tsuntsaye a Hungary kuma sun koma Pliocene. Kakannin shuɗin titin sun rabu daga babban reshen tsuntsaye kuma arean asalin wannan iyali ne. Representativesarin wakilai tara suna da halaye irin na jikin mutum, waɗanda aka rarrabe su zuwa ƙananan ƙananan, suna da ɗan bambanci kaɗan a cikin halaye da halaye, da kuma mahalli daban-daban. Ana samun shuɗin tit a cikin Turai da Asiya, inda za'a iya samun wakilan ofan ƙananan raƙuman ƙira a ƙananan yankuna.
Bidiyo: Babban Blue Tit
Babban dangi na shuɗin titin shine shuɗin Afirka mai taken Cyanistes teneriffae. Tana zaune ne a tsibirin Canary da kuma arewacin yankin Afirka. Wasu masana suna danganta waɗannan wakilai ga wasu jinsunan daban, tunda suna da sifofi a cikin jinsin halitta, a yanayin rayuwa da raira waƙa. Hakanan, wannan nau'in nonuwan baya amsa kiran abokan aikinsu Cyanistes caeruleus. Za'a iya ɗaukar ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsakanin manyan Eurasian da Canarian.
Shuɗin titin yana zaune ko'ina daga subarctic zuwa bel na ƙarƙashin Turai da yammacin asiya. Kusa kusa da gabashin zangon, inda za'a sami wani titin, fari, shima, matasan da ake kira blue tit ko Pleske tit na iya bayyana.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: titin shuɗi na Eurasia, ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi
Wannan nau'ikan titmouse ya fi na sauran membobin dangi yawa, duk da cewa shudayen shudi ba su ne mafi kankanta ba, misali, kamar muscovites. Girman jiki tsawonsa cm 12, tsayin fuka-fuki yakai cm 18, nauyinsa ya kai kimanin g 11. Tsuntsayen suna da ƙaramin baki amma mai kaifi baki da kuma gajeren jela. Kafafuwan masu launin toka-shuɗi kuma idanuwa duhu ne masu duhu.
A saman kai shuɗi ne mai haske, goshi da occiput farare ne. A ƙasa ana sautin ringi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wanda yake farawa a bakin, ya ratsa layin ido. A bayan kai, wannan layin yana faɗaɗawa kuma yana sauka zuwa ƙasan wuya. Tsiri mai launi iri ɗaya yana sauka a tsaye daga bakin, wanda sai ya bi layin maƙogwaro, yana haɗuwa da bayan kai, yana iyaka da farin kunci.
Nape, wutsiya da fikafikan shuɗi ne mai shuɗi, kuma bayanta yana da launi mai launin shuɗi-kore, wanda zai iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum, gwargwadon yanayin ƙasa da wurin zama. Cikin yana da launi mai rawaya mai zurfin tare da layin tsakiya mai duhu. Rabawan shuɗin tit yana da alhakin launin rawaya na plumage. Idan menu ya ƙunshi katako mai yawa-koren kore tare da alamar carotene, to launin rawaya ya fi cikakken.
Ofaƙan saman murfin reshe masu launin fari ne, wanda ke haifar da ɓaraka a kan shuɗin bango. Launin mata ya dan kashe, amma bambancin kusan ba a iya lura da shi. Matasan shuɗi masu launin shuɗi sun fi rawaya, ba tare da shuɗin shuɗi ba, kuma shuɗi yana da launin toka-toka.
Ina babban titin shudi yake zaune?
Hotuna: Blue Tit a Rasha
Tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi mai haske ya zauna ko'ina cikin Turai, ban da waɗancan yankuna na arewacin da babu daji. A kudu, yankin rabarwar ya mamaye arewa maso yamma na Afirka, Canaries, a Asiya ya isa yankunan arewacin Syria, Iraq, Iran.
Wadannan tsuntsaye masu launuka masu haske sun fi son gandun daji masu yankewa, inda suke jin daidai daidai, a cikin dazukan da gefen gefuna, tare da gabar koguna da koramu. Daga cikin jinsunan bishiyoyi, ya fi son itacen oak da na bishiyoyi, da busassun bishiyoyi, kuma zaka iya samunsu a cikin gandun daji da aka gauraya.
A cikin yankuna masu bushewa, sun gwammace zama a gefen magudanan ruwa da bakin ruwa. Blue tit ya dace da yanayin birane, a sauƙaƙe yana zaune a wuraren shakatawa da wuraren shakatawa na gandun daji, murabba'ai, lambuna, suna ba da fifiko ga waɗancan wuraren da akwai tsofaffin bishiyoyi masu rami.
Gandun dajin Broadleaf gida ne na shudayen shudi a Afirka, galibi, waɗannan nau'ikan itacen oak ne:
- Fotigal;
- suberic;
- dutse.
A Libya da Maroko, tana rayuwa ne a cikin dazukan itacen al'ul da kuma dazuzzuka masu kauri. Tsibirin tsibiri daga Bahar Rum ya sauka a cikin dajin tsefe da dabinon dabino. Abubuwan da aka fi so a ƙasashen Asiya: itacen oak, pine, gandun daji itacen al'ul.
Daga yankin kudu mafi nisa, mafi girman shuɗin shuɗi ana samunsa a tsaunuka:
- Alps har zuwa 1.7 dubu m;
- Pyrenees har zuwa 1.8 dubu m;
- Caucasus har zuwa 3.5 dubu m;
- Zagros har zuwa dubu 2 m.
Yanzu kun san inda shuɗin tit ɗin yake zaune. Bari muga me zata ci.
Menene shuɗin shuɗi ke ci?
Hotuna: Blue Tit
Birdaramin tsuntsu yana da fa'ida sosai, yana lalata kwarin gandun daji. Kwari suna sanya abinci 4/5. A kowane yanki, ana ba da fifiko ga wani saiti wanda ke inganta shuke-shuke, waɗannan ƙananan ƙwari ne da ƙwayoyinsu, gizo-gizo, kaska, aphids.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Shudi tit ba ya kama kwari a cikin iska, amma tattara su tare da akwati da rassa, da ƙyar ya sauka ƙasa.
Dogaro da lokacin shekara da sake zagayowar rayuwar kwari, abun cikin menu na iya fuskantar canje-canje. Don haka a cikin bazara, yayin da tsutsa ba ta bayyana ba tukuna, arachnids sune babban abinci. A lokacin hunturu, suna cirewa daga ƙarƙashin bawon kwari da kwarkwatarsu, waɗanda suka ɓoye don lokacin hunturu, misali, malam-buɗe-ido mai zinare.
A lokacin bazara, jerin abubuwan su sun haɗa da:
- ƙwayoyin fure beetles;
- tsaran kwalliya
- caterpillars na rollers ganye;
- zana;
- mai hako asu na kirji;
- asu asu na katako;
- tururuwa;
- kudaje;
- masu kafaɗɗu;
- arachnids;
- hemiptera;
- retina-reshe.
Suna da himma sosai cikin halakar aphids. Tsuntsaye suna bincikar reshe a hankali zuwa reshe don neman sabon ganima. Suna gudanar da ratayewa a ƙarshen ƙarshen juye juye, suna yiwa ƙananan kwari kwalliya. A lokacin sanyi, lokacin da babu kwari, shuɗin tit ya tafi shuka abinci, wanda ya ƙunshi tsaba da 'ya'yan itace.
Ga mafi yawancin, waɗannan tsaba ne:
- birch;
- cypress;
- ci;
- itacen pine;
- itacen oak;
- maple;
- beech.
Tsuntsaye suna tara tsaba daga ciyawar da ke fitowa daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, suna neman kwari masu hunturu a cikin tushe. A ƙarshen lokacin sanyi, yawancin abincin sun fara mamayewa ta hanyar pollen da anthers daga kifin na willow, alder, Willow, da aspen.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Nauyin, tsarin jiki, reshe, jela da ƙafafu na shuɗin shuɗi a sauƙaƙe yana taimaka masa ya riƙe ƙarshen rassa, ganye har ma da ratayen katako na shuke-shuke.
Da yardar rai suna zuwa cin abinci a wuraren shayarwa, waɗanda mutane ke rataye su a wuraren shakatawa, gidajen rani, lambuna, inda suke cin 'ya'yan sunflower, hatsi, naman alade.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Bird gama gari shuɗi
Shuɗin titin shuɗi ne mai saurin lalacewa da rashin nutsuwa, ba tare da gajiyawa ba yakan tashi reshe zuwa reshe, yana neman abinci cikin hanzari. Jirgin nasu kuma yana da sauri, yana da motsi kamar yadda yake a tsarin, yayin da fikafikan ke aiki da sauri. Rataya daga rassan, tsuntsayen suna yin lamuran acrobatic, suna nuna kyakkyawan tsari na motsi.
Manya, kuma shuɗin tit ɗin yana rayuwa kusan shekaru 4.5, suna zaune. Matasa, bincika abubuwan da ke kewaye, suna neman sabbin yankuna, amma ƙauyuka masu yawa a cikin sabbin wuraren zama a shuɗin shuɗi ba safai ba.
Shuɗin titin yana da launuka masu faɗi da yawa fiye da sauran membobin gidan. Wannan maimaitaccen maimaitawar "qi" ne, mai maimaitawa iri ɗaya, kumburi, kumburi yayin saduwa da wasu tsuntsayen cikin garken.
Lokacin yin gida, shuɗin tituna yana neman rami, amma wani lokacin suna amfani da wofi na wani, wani lokacin kuma sukan zauna a wuraren da ba a zata ba: akwatin gidan waya, shinge ko alamun hanya. A wasu yankuna, suna amfani da burbushin da ramuka a cikin kututture. Waɗannan ƙananan itsan tsuntsaye cikin ƙarfin hali suna shiga yaƙi tare da manyan jinsin dangi, suna kare wurin zama.
A cikin ramin, idan ba shi da faɗi sosai, kuma katako mai laushi ne, rubabbe, shuɗi mai shuɗi na iya tarawa da cire katako mai yawa. A ciki, an gina gida mai kama da kwano mai siffar kwano, ciyawa, ulu, fuka-fukai, gansakuka. Ginin gidan tsuntsayen yana farawa ne a ƙarshen Maris kuma kafin kwanakin farko na Afrilu. Wannan yana ɗaukar makonni biyu. A tsawon rabin farko na yini, shuɗin shuɗin yana tattarawa yana kawo kayan kuma yana tashi zuwa rami tare dashi a cikin awa ɗaya zuwa sau talatin.
Gidanta ya kai kimanin santimita shida a kaurin tire. Busassun ganyen ciyawa, dawakai, gashin namun daji da na gida, ƙasa da gashin fuka-fukan tsuntsaye daban-daban, gansakuka, komai yana da alaƙa a hankali kuma yana da kyakkyawan rufin zafi. Hakanan koyaushe ana tsabtace filayen shuɗi mai shuɗi a hankali, kuma gida kanta, lokacin da jariran suka girma, suna kama da jinsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masana ilimin halitta daga Burtaniya sun lura cewa shudayen tsuntsaye suna sanya ramuka a cikin katun din madara kuma suna cin ragowar shi. Sun saba da wannan abincin tunda al'ada ce barin madara a kofar gidan.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: titan shuɗi mai shuɗi
Waɗannan ƙananan titmouses suna son haɗuwa a cikin garken tumaki, waɗanda za a iya gani a kusa da masu ciyarwa a cikin hunturu ko kuma a kan rassan hawthorn, tokar dutse, inda suke neman abinci tare. Zuwa watan da ya gabata na hunturu, waɗannan rukunin sun warwatse, maza suna nema kuma sun dace da yankin. Sun fara kare shi, suna nuna zalunci ga sauran shuɗin tit na maza.
Wasannin jima'i na waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da rikitarwa:
- jirgin sama
- babban takeoffs;
- Tsayawa tare da fikafikan shimfiɗa da wutsiya;
- saurin nutsewa.
A wannan lokacin, maza suna ƙoƙari su bayyana mafi girma, ɗaga fuka-fukai a bayan kawunansu, suna yin ɗoki, suna yin sama-sama, suna narkar da fuka-fukai akan fikafikansu da wutsiya, suna rawar rawa a ƙasa. Bayan saduwa da abokin tarayya, maza sun kasance da aminci a gare ta, kuma samuwar sabuwar ma'aurata alama ce ta waƙa tare.
A watan Afrilu, ma'auratan sun fara neman gida da gina gida. Irin wannan wurin yana sama da mita biyu, faɗin taphole bai kamata ya wuce 30 cm a diamita ba, in ba haka ba manyan tsuntsaye da masu farauta za su hau ciki.
A watan Mayu, an sa ƙwai, kama na iya zama ƙwai 6 - 12, a cikin dazuzzuka na Turai, an kafa adadi mafi girma - har zuwa ƙwai 13 - 14. Idan kamafin yayi yawa, yana iya nufin cewa mata biyu suna amfani da gidajan. A cikin gandun daji da aka haɗu da bishiyoyi a cikin gida, ba su wuce guda 7 ba, a wuraren shakatawa na birni lambar su ba ta da yawa.
Farin kwai da keɓaɓɓun ƙwayoyi suna da kimanin mm 16 da faɗi da mm mm 12, matsakaicin nauyin 0.9 - 11 g. Mace tana ƙwanƙwasa kamawa na tsawon makonni 2, kuma abokiyar zama a wannan lokacin tana samun abinci kuma tana kawo mata kowane rabin awa. Idan uwa ta yanke shawarar zuwa neman abinci ita kadai, to a hankali ta rufe kama da shimfida. Lokacin da gida ke cikin haɗari, ma'auratan suna ƙoƙari su kāre shi, yayin da tsuntsayen suke ta kuwwa ko kuma sautin hayaniya.
Ana haihuwar kajin tsirara a hankali, wani lokacin wannan lokacin yakan kai kwanaki da yawa. A wannan lokacin, ba su da kariya kuma uwa mai kulawa tana rufe su da jikinta, kuma uba yana kula da abinci. Mako guda baya, iyayen biyu ba tare da gajiyawa ba suna tashi don farautar kwari don ciyar da zuriyar.
A cikin makonni uku, kajin sun fantsama kuma sun bar gidan iyaye, wannan yana faruwa a farkon rabin Yuli. Don wasu kwanaki 7 - 10, iyaye suna ci gaba da ciyar da kajin. A wasu yankuna, tsuntsaye suna yin kama sau biyu a kowane yanayi, a wannan yanayin na biyu na offspringa becomesan becomesa becomesan ya zama mai cin gashin kansa a farkon watan Agusta.
Abokan gaba na shuɗin tit
Hotuna: Shuɗin tit a jirgin
Ga abokan gaba masu launin shuɗi, da farko, tsuntsayen ganima: shaho, mujiya. Ko da jay na yau da kullun ko ƙaramin tauraruwa na iya lalata gida na shuɗi titin, cin abinci a ƙwai ko jarirai marasa kariya.
Representativesananan wakilan mustelids na iya shiga cikin ramin titmouse, amma mazauninsu bai yi daidai da shuɗin shuɗi ba. Weananan weasel ne kawai ke iya shiga cikin rami da lalata ɗayan. Waɗanda suka fi girma: ferrets, martens ba za su iya shiga ramin ƙofar ba, amma suna iya farautar yaran da suka fito daga gida kuma ba su san yadda za su tashi da kyau ba.
A cikin wuraren shakatawa na gari, lambuna, a cikin yankuna na bayan gari, kuliyoyi suna kama da kuliyoyi. Ko da beraye, launin toka mai launin toka da ja na iya zama rami, bayan sun ci abinci tare da ƙwai, idan ramin ya ba shi damar yin hakan.
Hakanan za'a iya danganta yanayin mummunan yanayi ga abokan tsuntsayen. Idan a watan Mayu da Yuli, a lokacin ciyar da kajin, akwai yanayin ruwan sama mai sanyi, to babban abinci - caterpillars, ya bayyana kadan. Abu ne mai wahalar gaske adana 'ya'ya masu lafiya don shuɗin shuɗi a cikin irin wannan yanayin.
Ana samun parasites a cikin gidajen tsuntsaye. Manyan shuɗi masu girma suna kamuwa da su sosai bayan kajin da suka fito sun girma. Wannan yana hana tsuntsaye yin abu na biyu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masu lura da tsuntsaye sun lura cewa shudayen shudayen da suka sa kwai a karo na biyu sun jefa su saboda fleas da sauran kwayoyin parasites, wanda a lokacin sun taru da yawa a cikin gida.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: titin shuɗi na gama gari, ita ma shudiya ce
Blue Tit yana zaune a duk yankuna Turai tare da yanayin ɗabi'a mai kyau da Bahar Rum, ba ya nan kawai a cikin Iceland da arewacin Scotland, da kuma arewacin Scandinavia, Finland da Rasha. Iyakar arewacin yankin tana tafiya tare da 67, yana canzawa zuwa na 65 daidai, yana gabatowa sassan gabas na iyaka a cikin Urals, yana sauka zuwa 62 ° N. sh A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gano wannan nau'in na titmouses a yankin kudancin gandun daji na Yammacin Siberia. Gida ne ga, bisa ƙididdigar kimanin, kimanin tsuntsaye miliyan 45.
A cikin Asiya, ana samun jinsunan Cyanistes caeruleus a Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Lebanon, da Syria. A Afirka - a Maroko, Libya, Tunisia. Akwai ci gaba mai girma a cikin adadin waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen ko'ina.
Wadannan titmouses suna zaune a yankunan kudu. A arewa, lokacin sanyi, suna yin ƙaura zuwa wurare masu dumi - kudu ko yamma, a cikin tsaunuka, tare da yanayin sanyi, tsuntsaye suna saukowa kusa da kwarin. Irin waɗannan motsi suna haɗuwa da kasancewar ko rashin isasshen tushen abinci. Hakanan, hunturu mai sanyi yana sauƙaƙa doguwar tafiya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Shuɗin tit na Tsibirin Birtaniyya da ƙarancin tashi sama da kilomita 30, kuma waɗannan mutanen da aka samu a cikin yankin Baltic na iya yin doguwar tafiya, har zuwa gefen kudu na Bahar Rum, bayan sun yi tafiyar sama da kilomita dubu biyu. Irin waɗannan ƙaurawar yanayi suna farawa a ƙarshen Satumba.
Littafin Jajaji yana tantance wannan nau'in tsuntsayen ne a matsayin wanda ke haifar da wata damuwa, tare da neman ƙaruwa. Shuɗi mai haske tare da cikin rawaya shuɗi tit ado ne na gandun daji da lambuna. Wannan ma’aikacin da ba ya gajiyawa yana cin karin kwari a kowace shekara fiye da kowane tsuntsu. Don jan hankalin su zuwa ga lambunan ku da filaye na bayan gida, zaku iya rataya masu ciyarwa da akwatunan gida tare da ƙaramin rami don taphole.
Ranar bugawa: 17.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 25.09.2019 a 20:55
