Agouti (Dasyprocta) ko zinaren Kudancin Amurka zinare dabba ce mai matsakaiciya daga umarnin beraye. Yana faruwa cewa dabba saboda launinta na ƙarfe da saurin gudu ana kiransa kuregen humpback, amma, duk da sunan, agouti ya fi kama da alade mai ƙwanƙwasa da ƙafafuwa. Dabbar tana iyo sosai kuma ta fi so ta zauna kusa da ruwa. Kuna iya ganowa game da wasu fasalulluka masu ban sha'awa na rodent daga wannan ɗaba'ar.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Agouti
Kalmar "aguti" kanta ta fito ne daga Mutanen Espanya: agutí - tana nufin nau'o'in berayen jinsi na Dasyprocta. Wadannan dabbobin asalinsu ne daga Amurka ta Tsakiya, arewaci da tsakiyar Kudancin Amurka, da kuma Kananan Antilles na kudu. Suna da alaƙa da aladun alade kuma suna kama da kamanni, amma sun fi girma kuma suna da doguwar ƙafa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A Afirka ta Yamma (musamman a Côte d'Ivoire), sunan "agouti" yana nufin babban bera, wanda, a matsayin kwari mai noma, ana cinye shi azaman naman daji mai daɗi.
Sunan Mutanen Espanya "agouti" an karɓa ne daga yarukan asali na Kudancin Amurka na Tupi Guarani, wanda a ciki aka rubuta sunan daban kamar agutí, agoutí ko acutí. Mashahurin kalmar Burtaniya ta Burtaniya don waɗannan dabbobi, cutia, ta fito ne daga wannan sunan na asali. A cikin Meziko, ana kiran agouti sereque. A cikin Panama, an san shi da eeque kuma a gabashin Ecuador a matsayin guatusa.
Akwai nau'ikan 11 a cikin jinsin halittar:
- D. azarae - Agouti Azara;
- D. coibae - Coiban;
- D. cristata - Crested;
- D. fuliginosa - Baki
- D. guamara - Orinoco;
- D. kalinowskii - Aguti Kalinovsky;
- D. leporina - Yar Brazil;
- D. mexicana - Meziko;
- D. prymnolopha - Baƙin baya;
- D. punctata - Amurka ta Tsakiya;
- D. ruatanica - Roatan.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Animal agouti
Bayyanar da sandar sandar ba zata iya yuwuwa ba - ta haɗu da fasassun hares mai kunnuwa da alade. Bayan dabba yana zagaye (humped), kan yana da tsayi, kunnuwa masu zagaye kanana ne, gajerun wutsiyoyi marasa gashi a ɓoye a bayan dogon gashi kuma kusan ba a iya gani. Dabbar tana da tsirara, kunnuwa masu zagaye, ƙafafu babu ƙafafu, faɗi, kamar ƙushin dawakai da molar 4 a sama da ƙasa.
Bidiyo: Agouti
Dukkanin nau'ikan sun banbanta da launi sosai: launin ruwan kasa, mai launin ja, mai laushi mai laushi, mai laushi ko baƙi, amma galibi tare da ƙananan haske da ɓangarorin. Jikinsu yana lulluɓe da laulayi, gashi mai kauri wanda yakan tashi idan dabbar ta firgita. Suna da nauyin kilogiram 2.4-6 kuma tsawon su yakai 40.5-76.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Legsafaffun gaban agouti suna da yatsu biyar, amma ƙafafun baya suna da yatsu uku kawai tare da ƙafafu irin na kofato.
An kama su a ƙuruciyarsu, suna da sauƙin sarrafawa, amma ana farautar su, kamar zomaye. Yawancin jinsunan launin ruwan kasa ne a bayansu kuma suna yin fari akan cikin. Jawo na iya bayyana mai sheki sannan kuma ya zama ruwan lemo mai haske. Mata suna da nau'i huɗu na ƙwayar mammary na ciki. Changesananan canje-canje a cikin bayyanar ana iya kiyaye su a cikin jinsi ɗaya. Yaran yara suna kama da ƙananan manya.
Ina agouti ke zama?
Hotuna: Rodent agouti
Dabbar Dasyprocta punctata, wanda aka fi sani da Central American agouti, ana samun ta daga kudancin Mexico zuwa arewacin Argentina. Babban sashin zangon ya faro ne daga jihar Chiapas da Yucatan Peninsula (kudancin Mexico) ta Amurka ta Tsakiya zuwa arewa maso yammacin Ecuador, Colombia da kuma yamma mai nisa da Venezuela. Ana samun yawan mutanen da ke rarrabu a kudu maso gabashin Peru, kudu maso yammacin Brazil, Bolivia, yammacin Paraguay, da kuma arewa maso yammacin Argentina. An kuma gabatar da nau'ikan da yawa a wasu wurare a Yammacin Indiya. An kuma gabatar da Agouti zuwa Cuba, Bahamas, Jamaica, Hispaniola da tsibirin Cayman.
Wadannan berayen ana samun su galibi a dazuzzuka da sauran yankuna masu dausayi kamar gulbi. Ba safai ake samun su a cikin pampas na buɗe tarko ba. Sun fi son zama a wuraren da ke da wadataccen ruwa. Ana samun yankin agogon Amurka ta Tsakiya a cikin dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka masu yawa, da savannahs, da filayen shuke-shuke. A cikin Peru, an iyakance su zuwa yankin Amazon, inda ake samun su a duk sassan yankin dazuzzuka tare da ƙarancin daji da kuma a yawancin ɓangarorin babban yankin (har zuwa mita 2000).
Agouti suna da kusanci da ruwa kuma galibi ana samunsu a bankunan rafuka, koguna da tafkuna. Sau da yawa suna gina ɗakuna da wurare masu yawa na barci a cikin katako, tsakanin manyan duwatsun dutse, a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi ko wasu ciyayi. An wakilta mafi yawan nau'ikan a Guiana, Brazil da arewacin Peru.
Yanzu kun san inda dabbar agouti take rayuwa. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene agouti ke ci?
Photo: Agouti a cikin yanayi
Dabbobin galibi suna cin 'ya'yan itace ne kuma suna neman bishiyoyi masu ba da' ya'ya yayin balaguronsu na yau da kullun. Lokacin da abinci ya wadata, sai su binciko tsaba a hankali don amfani dasu azaman abinci lokacin da thea fruitan itacen suka yi karanci. Wannan halayyar tana taimakawa yayin shuka iri na yawancin bishiyar bishiyar. Wadannan dabbobin sukan bi rukunan birai suna tara 'ya'yan itacen da aka zubar daga bishiyoyi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An yi rikodin cewa agouti na iya jin fruitsa fruitsan itace suna faɗuwa daga bishiyoyi daga nesa kuma ana jan hankalin su zuwa sautin fruitsa fruitsan itacen marmari waɗanda ke fadowa ƙasa. Saboda haka, mafarauta masu haƙori sun fito da ingantacciyar hanya don jan dabbar ta waje. Don yin wannan, suna jefa dutse a ƙasa, suna kwaikwayon faɗuwar 'ya'yan itace.
Dabbobin wani lokacin suna cin kadoji, kayan lambu da wasu tsire-tsire masu laushi. Zasu iya fasa kwayar kasar ta Brazil mai wahala, saboda haka dabbobin suna da matukar muhimmanci wajan rarraba wadannan nau'in tsirrai a cikin muhalli.
Babban abincin abincin agouti shine:
- kwayoyi;
- tsaba;
- 'ya'yan itace;
- tushe;
- ganye;
- tubers.
Wadannan beraye suna taimakawa wajen sake farfado da dazuzzuka, kamar yadda nativean ashararrun nativean ƙasar. Amma kuma suna iya haifar da babbar illa ga gonakin noman suga da ayaba waɗanda suke amfani da shi don abinci. Kamar yadda ake amfani da mafi yawan gandun daji don dalilan noma, agouti suna ƙara cin amfanin gonakin manoman yankin. Agouti suna cin abinci zaune a ƙafafun kafa na baya kuma suna riƙe abinci a ƙafafunsu na gaba. Sannan suna juye 'ya'yan itacen sau da yawa, suna goge shi da haƙoransu. Idan akwai ragowar 'ya'yan itacen da ba a cin su a ƙarshen cin abincin, agouti zai ɓoye su.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Guinea alade agouti
Babban haɗin zamantakewar agouti ya ƙunshi ma'aurata waɗanda suke aurat a cikin rayuwa. Kowane ɗayan yana zaune a tsayayyen yanki na kusan kadada 1-2, wanda ke da bishiyoyi masu 'ya'ya da kuma tushen ruwa. Girman yankin ya dogara da wadatar abinci na mazaunin. Lokacin da wasu agouti suka sami kansu a cikin yankin da aka ayyana, a ƙa'ida, namiji yakan kore su. Tsaron yanki wani lokaci ya haɗa da faɗa mai ƙarfi wanda ke haifar da mummunan rauni.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan suka yi fushi, wasu lokuta beraye suna daga dogon gashinsu na baya, suna buga kasa da duwawunsu na baya, ko amfani da sautuna iri-iri, wanda mafi akasarinsu yana kama da haushin karamin kare.
Wadannan berayen galibi dabbobi ne na yini, amma suna iya canza ayyukansu zuwa awanni na dare idan mutane suna farautarsu ko yawan damun su. Suna iya tsalle a tsaye. Yana zaune a tsaye, agouti na iya yin saurin gaske idan ya cancanta. Agouti na iya motsawa da saurin ban mamaki da saurin aiki.
Suna gina gidaje a ƙarƙashin dutse ko bishiyoyi. Agouti dabbobi ne na zamantakewa waɗanda ke ba da lokaci mai yawa don kulawa da juna. Dabbobin suna daukar lokaci mai tsawo suna gyaran gashinsu don cire kwanson, kwari da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana amfani da ƙafafun gaba don rake gashi kuma cire shi a cikin inda mahaɗan yake, wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman tsefe. Agouti mara tsoro yana motsawa a sandar ko tsalle a cikin gajeren tsalle da yawa. Yana kuma iya iyo kuma galibi yana kusa da ruwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: atar agouti
Agouti suna zaune cikin daidaitattun nau'i-nau'i waɗanda zasu kasance tare har ɗayan membobin ya mutu. Balaga ta jima'i tana faruwa ne zuwa ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Yawancin lokaci mutum ɗaya ne kawai za a iya gani tunda membobin ƙungiyar ba sa kusantowa da juna. Dabbobi suna yin kiwo a duk shekara, amma yawancin 'ya'yan an haife su yayin lokacin' ya'yan itace daga Maris zuwa Yuli. Wasu nau'in na iya yin kiwo sau da yawa a shekara a cikin Mayu da Oktoba, yayin da wasu ke kiwo duk tsawon shekara.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A lokacin zawarci, namiji ya yayyafawa mace fitsari, wanda hakan ke tilasta mata shiga "rawar mahaukaciya". Bayan an fantsama da yawa, sai ta ba da izinin namiji ya kusanceta.
Lokacin haihuwa shine kwanaki 104-120. Yawanci a ciki yawanci yana ɗauke da cuba twoa biyu, kodayake wani lokacin ana iya samun mutane uku ko huɗu. Mata na haƙa rami ga theira youngan su ko kuma kai su cikin tsofaffin ramuka da suka gina, yawanci suna cikin ɓoyayyun rami, tsakanin tushen bishiyoyi ko ƙarƙashin ciyawar da ke tsakanin juna. Ana haihuwar matasa a cikin burukan da aka jera da ganyaye, tushe da gashi. Suna da ci gaba sosai lokacin haihuwa kuma suna iya fara cin abinci cikin awa ɗaya. Ana cire uba daga gida. Kogon daidai yayi daidai da girman zuriyar. Yayin da theasan suke girma, mahaifiya takan kwashe dusar zuwa babban kogo. Mata suna da rajistan ayyukan da yawa.
Yaran da aka haifa gaba daya sun lullube da gashi, idanuwansu a bude suke, kuma zasu iya gudu a sa'ar farko ta rayuwa. Mahaifiyar yawanci tana shayarwa har tsawon sati 20. 'Ya'yan sun rabu da mahaifiya gaba ɗaya bayan wata sabuwar shara. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ta'adi na iyaye ko rashin abinci. Kubiyoyin da aka haifa a lokacin 'ya'yan itace suna da damar rayuwa mafi mahimmanci fiye da waɗanda aka haifa a lokacin bazara.
Abokan gaba na agouti
Hotuna: Rodent agouti
Agouti na farautar Agouti ta hanyar matsakaita zuwa manyan mafarauta a cikin dukkanin kewayon su, gami da mutane. Suna guje wa farauta ta hanyar faɗakarwa da saurin aiki a cikin manyan ɓarna, kuma launin su kuma yana taimakawa ɓoyewa daga masu yuwuwar cutarwa. A cikin daji, waɗannan dabbobi masu jin kunya ne da ke guje wa mutane, yayin da suke cikin bauta za su iya zama masu ruɗi sosai. Dabbobin an san su da zama masu saurin gudu, masu iya kiyaye karnukan farautar suna bin su har tsawon awanni. Hakanan suna da kyakkyawan sauraro, wanda zai iya cetosu daga masu farauta.
Agouti suna da ramukan gudu a cikin bishiyun da suka faɗi. Waɗannan ƙofofin suna da ƙofofi guda biyu, wanda ke ba da damar rodent ya fita ta wata hanyar fita, yayin da maharbin ke jiransa a ɗaya ƙofar. Idan zai yiwu, suma suna amfani da rami tsakanin duwatsun da ke tazara sosai da sauran ramuka na halitta. A tsorace, suka gudu, suna yin gurnani mai ban mamaki.
Makiyan agouti sun hada da:
- boa;
- kare kare (S. venaticus);
- ocelot (L. pardalis);
- puma (Puma concolor);
- jaguar (Panthera onca).
Idan dabbar tana cikin haɗari, sai su daina motsi tare da ɗaga ƙafarsu ta gaba suna jira barazanar ta ɓace. Agouti na iya motsawa da saurin ban mamaki da saurin aiki. Sun kasance muhimmin ɓangare na yanayin halittu kamar yadda suke ganima don matsakaita zuwa manyan masu farauta kamar gaggafa da jaguar. Suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta sabunta itacen mai amfani da 'ya'yan itace mai zafi ta hanyar watsa iri.
Koyaya, kamar sauran dabbobi, babbar barazanar dabba ta fito daga mutane. Shine lalata mazauninsu na asali da farautar namansu. A yayin kai hari, dabbar ko dai ta kashe kanta ko kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta ɓuya a cikin zigzags, ta canza yanayin motsi.
Kamshin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sadarwa tsakanin mutane. Dukansu maza da mata suna da ƙoshin wari wanda ake amfani dashi don nuna fasali daban-daban a cikin yanayin. Agouti yana da gani da kyau. Suna amfani da sadarwa mai mahimmanci ta hanyar gyarawa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Agouti ta Meziko
A wasu yankuna, lambobin agouti sun ragu sosai saboda farauta da lalata mahalli. Amma waɗannan beraye suna yaɗuwa a yau kuma suna ɗayan jinsunan da aka fi sani a yawancin kewayon su. Yawancin jinsuna ana sanya su a matsayin waɗanda ba su da haɗari dangane da yanayin latitude, yawan yalwa, da kasancewa a wurare da yawa masu kariya.
Mutane suna kai wa dabbar hari, a gefe guda, saboda yakan shiga gonaki ya lalata su, a gefe guda kuma, saboda naman da suke da shi wanda 'yan asalin kasar ke farautar su, wadanda suka saba cin su. Darwin ya bayyana naman agouti a matsayin "wanda ya fi dandano a rayuwarsa." Ana cin nama a Guiana, Trinidad, Brazil. Fari ne, mai laushi, mai taushi da mai.
Daga cikin nau'ikan agouti 11, ana ɗaukar abubuwa huɗu masu zuwa cikin haɗari:
- Orinoco agouti (D. guamara) - ƙananan haɗari;
- Coiban Agouti (D. coibae) - yana cikin haɗari;
- Roatan Agouti (D. ruatanica) - babban haɗari;
- Mexican agouti (D. mexicana) - yana cikin haɗari.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna da alaƙa da mahallansu, saboda haka galibi sukan faɗa cikin karnuka da sauran dabbobin da ke cin zalinsu. Rashin saurin wurin zama, da alama, zai iya zama dalilin raguwar wannan sandararriyar a nan gaba. Wasu nau'ikan sun ragu a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata saboda an canza wuraren zama don amfanin gona kuma saboda ci gaban birane. Farautar farauta ko masu tarwatsa iri na iya kai tsaye canza canjin da rarraba sararin daji.
A halin yanzu babu ambaton takamaiman ayyuka da nufin kiyayewa agouti... Sauran barazanar sun hada da kiwon kifi da gandun daji, kuma musamman galibi ana amfani da filayen don kiwon shanu. Beenananan adadi aka canza don shuka kofi, koko, 'ya'yan itacen citrus, ayaba, ko allspice.
Ranar bugawa: 15.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/25/2019 a 20:24
