Iguana Halitta ce mai ban sha'awa. Tare da tudu tare da baya da wutsiya, launuka iri-iri na fata da ƙyallen "gemu". Dabbar tana kama da ƙaramin dragon. Kuma kodayake ana kiranta da koren iguana, amma koyaushe ba ya da launuka masu launin kore. Launi na iya zama shuɗi-kore, kore mai haske, ja, launin toka da rawaya zuwa ruwan hoda mai laushi da lavender. A wasu wurare, iguanas ma shuɗi ne tun suna ƙarami, amma a hankali suna canza launi yayin da suke tsufa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Iguana
Wannan jinsin ya fara bayyana bisa tsari ta hanyar masanin ilmin tsirrai dan kasar Sweden Carl Linnaeus a shekara ta 1758. An gano yawancin rabe-raben a cikin karnoni biyu tun daga lokacin, amma daga baya, bayan binciken kwayoyin, an sanya su a matsayin masu saurin bambance bambancen yanki na jinsi guda, ban da iguana na Caribbean.
Bidiyo: Iguana
Ta amfani da bayanan jerin abubuwan nukiliya da na mitochondrial DNA don nazarin tarihin halittu na iguana, masana kimiyya sunyi nazarin dabbobin da aka tara daga kasashe 17 daban-daban. Topology of phylogeny ya nuna cewa wannan jinsin ya samo asali ne daga Kudancin Amurka kuma daga karshe ya ratsa ta Amurka ta Tsakiya da Caribbean. Binciken bai gano asalin kwayar halittar halittar DNA ta musamman ba don matsayin kananan hukumomi, amma ya nuna bambancin nasaba tsakanin al'ummomin Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.
Akwai nau'ikan ragi guda biyu na yau da kullun:
- An rarraba iguana iguana iguana a theananan Antilles da Kudancin Amurka;
- iguana iguana rhinolopha - Wannan nau'i asalinsa asalin Amurka ta tsakiya ne.
Za a iya raba taxa da kyau ta ƙananan “ƙaho” biyu zuwa uku a fuskar rhinolopha iguana. Kalmar "iguana" ta fito ne daga nau'in Mutanen Espanya na suna a cikin yaren mutanen Taíno, waɗanda suka rayu a cikin Caribbean kafin zuwan mayaƙan yaƙi kuma suka yi kama da "iwana". Yawancin lokaci, fassarar Mutanen Espanya ta shiga cikin sunan kimiyya na wannan nau'in. A wasu ƙasashe masu magana da Sifaniyanci, ana kiran maza da wannan nau'in gorrobo ko ministro, kuma yara ana kiransu iguanita ko gorrobito.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Green Iguana
Bayan kyankyashewar, iguanas yakai tsayi daga 16 zuwa cm 25. Yawancin iguanas da suka balaga suna da nauyi tsakanin kilo 4 zuwa 6, amma wasu na iya kaiwa kilogiram 8 tare da abinci mai kyau. Wadannan manyan kadangaru suna da tsayi kimanin mita 2. Dukda cewa wadannan dabbobi ana kiransu koren iguanas, kalar su daban. Manya sun zama masu daidaituwa a launi tare da shekaru, yayin da yara na iya bayyana kamar sun fi tabo ko ratsi tsakanin kore da launin ruwan kasa. Launin mutum ma na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin sa, yanayin zafin jikin sa, lafiyarsa, ko yanayin zamantakewar sa. Wannan canjin launi na iya taimaka wa waɗannan dabbobin da yanayin zafi.
Da safe, lokacin da zafin jikin ya yi ƙasa, launin fata zai yi duhu, yana taimaka wa ƙadangarin ya sha zafin daga hasken rana. Koyaya, lokacin da rana mai tsaka ke haskakawa a kansu, waɗannan dabbobin suna yin haske ko annashuwa, suna taimaka wajan haskaka hasken rana da rage zafin rana. Iguarfafawar aiki mai ƙarfi tana da duhu a launi fiye da ƙananan iguanas waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi ɗaya. Mafi yawan bambancin launi da aka gani a cikin wannan nau'in yana faruwa ne a cikin maza kuma ana iya danganta su a wani ɓangare ga magungunan jima'i.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Makonni shida zuwa takwas kafin da lokacin zawarci, maza na iya ɗaukar lemu mai haske ko ruwan zinare, kodayake launuka har yanzu yana da alaƙa da matsayin mamaya. Matan da suka manyanta don yawancinsu suna riƙe da koren launinsu.
Sauran siffofin daban-daban na wannan nau'ikan sun hada da 'yar jakar karkashin makogwaro, dutsin dutsin wanda ya kunshi kashin baya wanda ke gudana daga tsakiyar wuya zuwa gindin wutsiya, da kuma wata doguwar jera mai taushi. Milist thistle ya fi haɓaka a cikin manya maza fiye da mata. Thearawar kasusuwan hyoid suna da ƙarfi kuma suna goyan bayan ƙarshen wannan tsarin, wanda ake amfani dashi a tsaron ƙasa ko lokacin da dabbar ta firgita. Wannan tsarin jiki yana aiki don sha da watsa zafi yayin da yake faɗaɗa.
Idanun na gefe ana kiyaye su galibi ta fatar ido mara motsi da ƙananan fatar ido da ke motsi da yardar kaina. A tsakiyar tsakiyar kwanyar, a bayan idanun akwai ocellus mai hada-hada. Wannan gabobin na azanci, kodayake ba ainihin "ido" bane, yana aiki ne a matsayin mitar makamashin hasken rana kuma yana inganta balagar al'aura, glandon da glandon. Tasirin gani na wannan "ido" ya ta'allaka ne ga gano inuwar farauta daga sama.
Ina iguana yake rayuwa?
Photo: Iguana a yanayi
Ana samun iguana ta yau da kullun a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, daga Sinaloa da Veracruz, Mexico, kudu zuwa Paraguay da kudu maso gabashin Brazil. Wannan babban kadangaren yana zaune a tsibirai da yawa ko'ina cikin yankin Caribbean da kuma gabashin gabashin Pacific kuma an gabatar da shi zuwa kudancin Florida da Hawaii. Kari akan haka, kore iguanas ya yiwa Anguilla mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1995 bayan an wankeshi a bakin teku bayan guguwa.
Iguanas gama gari suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka:
- arewacin Mexico;
- tsakiyar Amurka;
- a cikin Caribbean;
- a yankin kudancin Brazil.
Kodayake ba 'yan asalin Martinique bane, ana iya samun ƙaramin mulkin mallaka wanda aka sake shi ko ya tsere korean iguanas a cikin tarihi mai tarihi na Fort St. Iguanas sune kadangaru waɗanda suke rayuwa a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi. Yaran yara suna kafa ƙananan wurare a cikin ɗakunan, yayin da tsofaffin iguanas ke zaune a sama. Wannan al'ada ta zama ta ba su damar yin rana, ba safai ba, sai dai lokacin da mata suke haƙa rami don yin ƙwai.
Kodayake dabbar ta fi son yanayin daji (daji), tana iya daidaitawa da kyau zuwa wuraren budewa. Ba tare da yin la'akari da inda suke zaune ba, iguanas sun fi son samun ruwa a kusa, saboda su kwararrun masu ninkaya ne wadanda ke nutsewa a karkashin ruwa don gujewa masu farautar su. A Kudancin Amurka da Amurka ta Tsakiya, inda yawanci iguana ta asali, a wasu ƙasashe yana da haɗari saboda mutane suna farauta kuma suna cin wannan "kajin a cikin bishiyoyi".
Me iguana ke ci?
Hotuna: Iguana
Iguana yawanci suna da shuke-shuke. Koren ganye ko 'ya'yan itacen marmari sune abincin da aka fi so. Amma wani lokacin suna cin ƙananan nama ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Iguana suna amfani da harsunansu don sarrafa abincinsu da cizon ƙananan abubuwa don haɗiyewa kaɗan ko babu taunawa. Abincin yana haɗuwa da enzymes a cikin ciki sannan kuma ya shiga cikin ƙananan hanji, inda enzymes na pancreatic da bile suke haɗe da shi. Yawancin narkewar yana faruwa ne a cikin hanji, inda microflora ke lalata cellulose. Microflora ya zama dole don narkar da hanjin bayan wannan abinci mai wahalar narkewa.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Kajin Iguana sukan kasance suna ciyarwa akan najasar manya, wanda hakan na iya zama karbuwa don samun microflora da ake buƙata. Wannan microflora yana lalata abinci kuma yana samar dashi don sha.
A cikin shekaru uku na farko, iguanas suna buƙatar furotin mai gina jiki da yawa don girma da sauri. A wannan lokacin, iguanas matasa zasu iya cinye kwari da gizo-gizo. Iguanas tsofaffi waɗanda ke kusa da iyakar tsayinsu suna cin low-phosphorus, babban-alli, abinci mai ɗanɗano don bukatunsu.
Iguana dabbobi ne masu laushi. Zafin jikinsu ya dogara da yanayin zafin yanayi. Temperaturesananan yanayin zafi yana hana yawan cin abinci na iguana kuma yana rage aikin enzymes masu narkewa. Ciyarwa mai aiki yawanci yana faruwa lokacin da yanayin zafin jiki ya kasance 25-35 ° C. Kasancewa da dumi muhimmin taimako ne ga narkewa. Iguanas na iya dakatar da cin abinci kafin ko yayin canzawar fata. Mata na iya ƙin cin abinci a ƙarshen matakan haɓakar ƙwai. Mutanen da ke cikin damuwa mai yawa ko a cikin sabon yanayi na iya ƙin cin abinci.
Yanzu kun san abin da za ku ciyar da iguana. Bari muga yadda koren kadangaru yake rayuwa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Lizard iguana
A cikin daji, mafi yawan muhawara tsakanin iguanas game da inda za a dumama jiki ne. Wadannan kadangaru masu yawan ciyawa galibi suna da wadataccen abinci. Wanka yana da mahimmanci don kara zafin jiki da inganta narkewar abinci. A lokacin kiwo, maza suna nuna iƙirarin yanki ta hanyar damun kai da canjin launi. Suna cizon juna. Raunin da ke cikin daji ba safai yake ba saboda maza suna da ɗakuna da yawa da za su ja da baya lokacin da ake fuskantar barazana. Koyaya, a cikin bauta, inda sarari ke iyakance, raunin ya fi yawa.
Mata na iya nuna wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙwarewar ɗabi'a lokacin da aka rage sarari don yin gida. Iguanas na yau da kullun na iya yin tafiya mai nisa a lokuta da yawa. Mata na yin ƙaura zuwa wannan gidan sheƙatawa na tsawon shekaru a jere, sannan kuma su koma ƙasarsu bayan sun yi ƙwai. Kubiyo kuma na iya yin tafiya mai nisa.
Lokacin da firgita, yawanci iguana daskarewa ko ɓoyewa. Kamar sauran kadangaru, iguanas na iya zubar da jelarsu. Wannan yana basu damar tserewa kafin mai farautar ya bayyana abin da ke faruwa. Sabuwar wutsiya za ta yi toho ta girma a cikin shekara ɗaya, amma ba zuwa tsayin da yake da shi ba. Kusa da tseren, iguanas sun yi tsalle zuwa cikin ruwa daga saman rassan, sa'annan suyi iyo daga barazanar. Dabbobi sun fi son tsire-tsire masu tsayi da danshi mai danshi mai yawa, rana da inuwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Baby Iguana
Yawancin iguanas na yau da kullun sun kai ga balagar jima'i a cikin shekaru 3-4, kodayake ana iya isa zuwa balaga a baya. Suna yin kiwo a lokacin rani, suna barin zuriyarsu su kyankyashe a lokacin damina lokacin da abinci ya zama mai sauƙin samu. Urtsauracewa ana yin sa a wani yanki na musamman inda mata fiye da ɗaya zasu iya halarta. Rikice-rikice tsakanin maza ba bakon abu bane. Maza maza masu rinjaye suna yiwa duwatsu, rassa, da mata alama tare da wani abu na musamman wanda ke ɗauke da kakin zuma pheromone da aka ɓoye daga ramin ɓarna na mata.
Yayin saduwa, namiji yakan hau kan bayan mace. Don riƙe mace, yana kama fatar kafaɗarta da haƙoransa, wanda ke haifar da rauni. Namiji daga nan sai ya haɗa buɗe ƙofofinsa zuwa na mace sannan ya saka ɗaya daga cikin nasa ƙofar cikin caca. Wanƙwasawa na iya ɗaukar mintoci da yawa. Mata na iya adana maniyyi na shekaru da yawa, wanda ke ba su damar yin ƙwai da yawa daga baya. Kimanin kwanaki 65 bayan jima'i, mace zuwa oviposition. Girman da yawan ƙwai ya bambanta gwargwadon girma, abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma shekaru. Qwai suna kusan 15.4 mm a cikin diamita kuma 35 zuwa 40 mm a tsayi.
Sama da kwana uku, ana sanya matsakaicin 10 na fata 30 na fata mai laushi ko ƙwai mai launi mai laushi a cikin gida. Gidajen suna a zurfin 45 cm zuwa mita 1 kuma suna iya kwanciya da ƙwai na sauran mata idan yankin nest yana da iyaka. Bayan kwanciya, mata na iya komawa gida sau da yawa, amma kar su zauna su tsare ta. Shiryawa ya kasance daga kwana 91 zuwa 120. Yawan zafin jiki ya zama tsakanin 29 zuwa 32 ° C. Kajin sun buɗe kwan ta amfani da haƙori na musamman wanda ya faɗi nan da nan bayan ƙyanƙyashewa.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, ƙananan iguanas suna kama da manya a launi da fasali. Sun yi kama da na mata fiye da na maza kuma ba su da ƙashin baya. Tare da shekaru, waɗannan dabbobin ba su da canje-canje masu ƙarancin yanayi, sai dai kawai suna girma.
Koyaya, abincin dabba yana da alaƙa da shekaru. Matasa iguanas suna da ƙimar furotin mafi girma kuma suna iya cin kwari da ƙwai fiye da mutanen da suka manyanta. Zuriya sun kasance cikin rukunin dangi na farkon shekarar rayuwa. Namiji iguanas a cikin waɗannan rukuni galibi suna amfani da jikinsu don karewa da kare mata daga mafarauta, kuma wannan alama ita ce kawai nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe da ke yin hakan.
Abokan gaba na iguanas
Hotuna: Iguana
Ofayan mafi kyawun hanyoyi don kaucewa masu farautar yunwa shine launi su. Domin sun yi kamanceceniya da mazauninsu. Bayan lura da haɗarin, dabbar ta kasance ba ta motsi kuma ba a lura da ita. Za a iya samun iguanas matasa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi kuma a yi amfani da dabarun “garken son kai” ko “ƙarin idanu mafi kyau” don kauce wa masu cin zarafin mutane. Iguana sun fi son yin kwalliya a kan rassan bishiyoyi waɗanda ke rataye a kan ruwa, don haka lokacin da mai farauta ya yi musu barazanar, sai su nitse cikin ruwan kuma su yi iyo da sauri.
Baya ga waɗannan dabarun rigakafin farautar, korean iguanas suna iya zubar da yawancin wutsiyarsu, saboda haka suna raba hankalin masu farautar kuma suna iya tserewa. Hawks da sauran manyan tsuntsaye masu yuwuwar lalata dabbobi ne na iguanas. Mutane suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan maƙarƙancin azaba. Suna cin duka iguanas da ƙwai. Kari kan haka, mutane na amfani da wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe don kamun kado da kama su don cinikin dabbobi. Kamar sauran dabbobi, koren iguanas suna fama da lalata mazauninsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A wasu ƙasashe, iguana yana da darajar girke-girke. An girbe naman daga dabbobin farauta da dabbobin gona. Ana cin naman su ana kiransu "koren kaza" saboda nau'in naman yana kama da kaza. Sanannen sanannen iguana shine Sopa de Garrobo.
Koren iguana ɗayan shahararrun dabbobin ƙasa ne kuma a halin yanzu ana yin su a gonaki a Kudancin Amurka don wannan dalili. Amma yawancin masu siye basu san cewa ƙaramin iguana da aka siyar musu zai kai tsayin 2m ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Lizard iguana
Kodayake farauta da kamawa ga wasu jama'a sun shafar fataucin dabbobi, ba a ɗaukar iguanas masu kore su cikin haɗarin halaka. An jera iguana na kowa a CITES Shafi II. Wannan yana nufin cewa ya zama dole a tsara cinikin wannan nau'in. IUCN ya sanya iguana a matsayin mafi ƙarancin nau'in matsala. A lokaci guda, ambaton mazaunin mazauna sakamakon birni wata matsala ce mai yuwuwa ga yawan koren iguana a nan gaba.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Baya ga watsa iri, iguanas suna matsayin tushen abinci ga manyan dabbobi. Kamar sauran amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe, iguanas na iya zama alamun canjin yanayi. Ta hanyar lura da halayen dabbobi masu rarrafe, ana iya fadakar da mutane game da yiwuwar matsalar muhalli.
A tarihi, an ci naman iguana mai ƙwai da ƙwai a matsayin tushen furotin kuma ana daraja su saboda kayan da aka ba su na magani da aphrodisiac. Iguana horar da su a cikin zaman talala a matsayin tushen abinci a yunƙurin haɓaka ingantaccen amfani da ƙasa a cikin Panama da Costa Rica. Hanyoyin kiyayewa wadanda aka yi amfani dasu don adanawa da karfafa yawan mazaunan iguana sun hada da shirye-shiryen kiwo na kamuwa, al'adar sakin yara kanana da aka kama a cikin daji, ko aka tashe su a cikin bauta, a wurin da ake so.
Ranar bugawa: 06/27/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/23/2019 a 21:58
