Manatee Shin wakilin flora da fauna ne. A wasu lokuta ana kiran su ruwa ko shanu na teku, kamar yadda suke da girma, kuma ana bambanta su da alheri da nutsuwa, auna da abokantaka. Wani kwatankwacin abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa shine cewa manatees suna da ciyawar ciyayi.
Masu binciken sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna da ikon magance matsalolin gwaji kamar yadda ake kira dolphin. Akwai kuma kwatancen dabba da giwaye. Wannan ba saboda girman kawai ba ne, har ma da kamanceceniyar ilimin lissafi. A yau, irin waɗannan, dabbobin ban mamaki suna gab da halaka.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Manatee
Wadannan wakilai na flora da fauna suna cikin mambobi masu shayarwa, sune wakilan umarnin sirens, an kasafta su ga jinsin manatees da nau'in manatee.
Wasu masu bincike sunyi imanin cewa a zamanin da wannan jinsin ya kasu kashi kusan ashirin. Koyaya, a yau uku kawai daga cikinsu suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi: Amazonian, American and African. Yawancin jinsunan da suka wanzu sun kasance an hallaka su gab da ƙarshen karni na 18.
Bidiyo: Manatee
Mai bincike na farko da ya ambata manatees shine Columbus. Shi, a matsayin ɓangare na tawagarsa, ya lura da waɗannan wakilan a cikin Sabuwar Duniya. Membobin jirgin bincikensa sun yi iƙirarin cewa girman dabbobin ya tunatar da su game da ruwan tekun.
Dangane da rubuce-rubucen masanin kimiyyar dabba na Poland, mai bincike da masanin kimiyya, manatees a baya, har zuwa 1850, suna zaune ne kawai a yankin Bering Island.
Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da asalin wadannan dabbobi masu ban mamaki. A cewar ɗayansu, halittar mutum ta samo asali ne daga dabbobi masu shaƙuwa huɗu da ke rayuwa a doron ƙasa. Suna daga cikin dadadden rayuwar teku, kamar yadda ake zaton sun wanzu fiye da shekaru miliyan 60 da suka gabata.
Gaskiyar cewa kakanninsu sun kasance dabbobi masu shayarwa na ƙasa yana bayyane ta wurin kasancewar ƙusoshin hannu a gabobin. Masana ilmin namun daji suna da'awar cewa danginsu kai tsaye kuma mafi kusanci a duniya giwa ce.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Dabbar dabba
Fitowar manatee na da matukar burgewa. Tsawon jikin mai siffa ta spindle na katuwar teku ya kai kimanin mita uku, nauyin jikin zai iya kaiwa tan ɗaya. Hannun giwaye suna nuna dimorphism - mata sun fi maza girma da nauyi.
Suna da manya-manyan wutsiyoyi masu kama da filafili waɗanda ke taimaka musu zirga-zirgar ruwa.
Dabbobi suna da ƙanana, zagaye, zurfafan idanu, waɗanda aka killace su da membrana ta musamman, a sakamakon hakan mahaɗan ba su da gani mai kyau sosai, sai dai kyakkyawan ji, duk da cewa manatees ba su da kunnen waje. Hakanan, dabbobi masu shayar da ruwa suna da ƙanshin ƙanshi sosai. Sashin hanci yana da girma, an rufe shi da ƙananan, wuya vibrises. Suna da lebe mai sassauƙa, mai motsi wanda ke sauƙaƙa fahimtar abincin tsirrai.
Kan yana gudana cikin nutsuwa cikin jiki, kusan haɗuwa da shi. Saboda gaskiyar cewa a duk tsawon rayuwar hakoran dabbobi suna sabuntawa, suna dacewa da yanayin canza abinci. Teetharfi, hakora masu ƙarfi cikin sauƙi suke nika duk wani abincin shuka. Kamar giwaye, manatees suna canza hakora a tsawon rayuwarsu. Sabbin hakora sun bayyana a layin baya, a hankali suna maye gurbin tsofaffin.
Ba kamar sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, suna da kwakwalwar mahaifa shida. Dangane da wannan, ba su da ikon juya kawunan su ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Idan ya zama dole a juya kai, sai su juya gaba daya da dukkan jiki.
Babban kejin haƙarƙari yana bawa dabbar damar ajiye akwatin a wuri kwance kuma yana rage ƙwanƙwanta. Limafannun dabbobi suna wakiltar ƙurage, ƙarami dangane da girman jiki. An ɗan taƙaita su a gindin kuma an fadada su zuwa gefen. Abubuwan ƙirar ƙafa suna da ƙusoshin ƙafa. Fuka-fukai suna zama kamar nau'ikan hannaye na dabbobi, tare da taimakon da suke motsawa ta ruwa da kan tudu, kuma suna taimakawa kama abinci da aika shi cikin baki.
Ina manatee din take rayuwa?
Photo: manatee ruwa
Mazaunin manatee ita ce gabar yamma ta nahiyar Afirka, kusan a duk gabar Amurka. Mafi yawancin lokuta, dabbobi suna rayuwa ne a cikin ƙananan ruwa ba zurfin ruwa ba. Sun fi son zaɓar waɗancan tafkunan inda ake da wadataccen abinci. Kamar yadda irin wannan, akwai iya zama koguna, tabkuna, kananan coves, lagoons. A wasu lokuta, ana iya samunsu a yankunan bakin ruwa na manyan ruwa masu zurfin zurfin da bai wuce mita uku da rabi ba.
Manatees na iya kasancewa da yardar kaina a cikin ruwa mai kyau da na ruwa. Duk shanu na teku, ba tare da la'akari da nau'ikan ba, sun fi son ruwan dumi, yawan zafinsu yakai aƙalla digiri 18. Ba shi da halayyar dabbobi don motsawa da yin ƙaura akai-akai da kuma nesa. Da kyar suke rufe fiye da kilomita 3-4 a rana.
Dabbobi sun fi son yin yawo a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani, lokaci-lokaci suna yawo don jan iska zuwa huhunsu.
Dabbobi suna da matukar damuwa ga digo cikin zafin jiki na ruwa. Idan zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa ƙasa da + 6 - +8 digiri, zai iya haifar da mutuwar dabbobi. Dangane da wannan, tare da farkon lokacin sanyi da sanyin sanyi, dabbobi suna motsawa daga gabar Amurka zuwa Kudancin Florida. Sau da yawa, dabbobi suna taruwa a yankin inda tsire-tsire suke da wutar lantarki. Lokacin da lokacin dumi ya sake dawowa, dabbobi zasu koma mazauninsu na asali.
Menene manatee ke ci?
Photo: Manatee teku saniya
Duk da girman su, manatees suna shuke-shuke. Don cike farashin kuzarin jiki, babban mutum yana buƙatar kusan kilogiram 50-60 na tsire-tsire. Irin wannan adadin ciyawar yana nika hakora masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Hakori na gaba yakan lalace. Koyaya, hakora daga baya suna motsawa a wurin su.
Dabbobin suna yin yawancin rana suna ciyarwa a cikin wuraren da ake kira wuraren kiwo na ruwa. Suna cin abinci galibi a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani, suna motsi kusan tare da ƙasan. Yayin shan abinci, manatees suna amfani da flippers, ragar algae tare dasu tare da kawo su bakinsu. Shanun teku suna da karfi sosai safe da yamma. A wannan lokacin suna cin abinci. Bayan yalwar abinci, sun gwammace su sami hutawa sosai kuma suyi bacci mai kyau.
Bambancin abincin ya dogara da yankin zama. Dabbobin da ke rayuwa a cikin teku sun fi son cin ciyawar da ke cikin teku. Manatees, waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai ɗanɗano, suna cin ciyawar ruwa da kuma algae. Sau da yawa, don wadatar da kansu isasshen abinci, dabbobi dole ne su yi ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna don neman ciyayi. Ana iya amfani da kowane irin ruwa da ciyawar ruwa a matsayin tushen abinci. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, ƙananan kifaye da nau'ikan invertebrates na ruwa suna tsarke abincin ganyayyaki.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Manatee da mutum
Shanun teku galibi suna rayuwa kai kaɗai ko kuma a biyu. Dabbobi ba su da alaƙa da kowane yanki na yanki, don haka ba su da wani dalili na ƙiyayya da ƙayyade shugaba, tare da kare yankinsu. Ana iya lura da yawancin manatees a lokacin saduwar aure ko a yankin inda akwai maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi, ko kuma ruwan ya dumi ta hasken rana kai tsaye. A dabi'a, ana kiran ƙungiyar mahaɗan tarawa. Yawan jama'ar ba safai ya wuce mutane shida zuwa bakwai.
Bayyanar dabbobi yana haifar da mummunan mummunan haɗi. Koyaya, bayyanar ba gaskiya bane. Dabbobi suna da sauƙin kai, abokantaka, kuma ba sa nuna ƙarfi a yanayi. Manatees suna da halaye kamar dabbobi masu son sani waɗanda ke amincewa da mutum sauƙin, kuma basa jin tsoron tuntuɓar kai tsaye tare dashi.
Matsakaicin saurin da galibi suke iyo shine 7-9 km / h. Koyaya, a wasu yanayi, zasu iya isa saurin zuwa 25 km / h.
Dabbobi ba sa iya zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa sama da minti goma sha biyu. Koyaya, basa ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa a ƙasa. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna yin yawancin rayuwarsu cikin ruwa. Don kasancewa a cikin tafki na dogon lokaci, suna buƙatar iska. Koyaya, don shayar da huhu da iskar oxygen, suna tashi sama kuma kawai shaƙar shi ta hanci. Dabbobi suna jin daɗi sosai a zurfin mita ɗaya da rabi zuwa mita biyu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Baby Manatee
Maza sun balaga ga jima'i kawai shekaru 10 bayan haihuwa, yayin da mata suka balaga da yawa da wuri - bayan sun kai shekaru biyar. Lokacin kiwo ba na lokaci bane. Duk da wannan, yawancin jarirai ana haihuwarsu a lokacin kaka-bazara. Mafi yawanci, maza da yawa suna da'awar 'yancin shiga cikin zamantakewar aure da mace. Lokacin yin soyayya yana ci gaba har sai ta fifita wani.
Bayan saduwa, ciki yana faruwa, wanda yakai watanni 12 zuwa 14. Sabon tambarin giwar da aka haifa ya kai kilogiram 30-35 kuma tsawonsa ya kai mita 1-1.20. Kubiyoci sun bayyana akan saiti ɗaya lokaci ɗaya, da wuya a cikin biyu. Tsarin haihuwa yana faruwa a karkashin ruwa. Nan da nan bayan haihuwa, jariri yana buƙatar hawa saman ruwa ya jawo iska cikin huhu. Mahaifiyarsa ta taimaka masa a wannan.
Yaran da aka haifa da sauri suna dacewa da yanayin muhalli, kuma suna iya cin abincin tsire da kansu, farawa daga wata ɗaya da haihuwa. Koyaya, mace tana ciyar da samari da madara har zuwa watanni 17-20.
Masana ilmin dabbobi sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kusan ba za a iya narkar da su tsakanin jariri da uwa. Suna haɗe da ita kusan kusan rayuwarsu duka. Matsakaicin rayuwar dabbobi a yanayin yanayi shine shekaru 50-60. Masana ilmin namun daji sun lura cewa manate yana da ƙananan ayyukan haihuwa, wanda kuma yana shafar yawan dabbobi.
Abokan gaba na manatees
Hotuna: Dabbar dabba
Abin lura ne cewa a cikin mazaunin halitta waɗannan wakilan flora da fauna ba su da abokan gaba. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin zurfin teku babu kusan dabbobin da suka fi girma da girma da iko ga manate. Babban makiyin mutum da ayyukansa. Mutane ne suka yi sanadiyyar bacewar shanu kusan gaba ɗaya.
Mutane sun sami waɗannan wakilan rayuwar ruwan a cikin ƙarni na 17 kuma sun fara lalata su babu tausayi. Ga mutane, ba wai kawai nama mai daɗi ba, wanda a kowane lokaci ana ɗaukarsa mai daɗin ci ne, ya zama mai mahimmanci, amma kuma mai taushi da mai mai taushi. An yi amfani da shi a kan babban sikelin a madadin magani, bisa tushen man shafawa, gels, lotions an shirya. An kuma farautar dabbobi da nufin samun fata. Akwai dalilai da yawa na bacewar dabbobi, baya ga farauta da kashe mutane da gangan.
Dalilin bacewar jinsunan:
- dabbobi suna mutuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa suna tafiya a saman ƙasa, suna cin ciyawar da ke cikin kayan aikin kamun kifin. Haɗa haɗiye tare da algae, dabbobi suna jawo kansu ga jinkirin, mutuwa mai raɗaɗi;
- wani dalili na mutuwar manatees shine gurbatawa da lalata mazauninsu na asali. Wannan ya faru ne saboda shigar da shara mai cutarwa cikin jikin ruwa, ko gina madatsun ruwa;
- yachts da sauran jiragen ruwa masu haɗari suna da haɗari ga rayuwa da adadin manatees saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbobi ba koyaushe ke jin kusantar su ba. dabbobi da yawa suna mutuwa a ƙarƙashin ruwan wukake na jiragen ruwa;
- ,ananan, mantattun da ba su balaga ba na iya zama ganima ga kifin shark ko caimans a cikin kogunan wurare masu zafi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Manatees
Zuwa yau, dukkanin jinsunan manatee suna cikin littafin Red Book na duniya azaman nau'in haɗari. Masana kiwon dabbobi sun kiyasta cewa a shekaru ashirin masu zuwa, yawan dabbobi zai ragu da kusan kashi uku.
Bayanai game da yawan giwayen giwar yana da wahalar samu, musamman ga jinsunan da ke rayuwa cikin wahalar shiga, yankunan da ba za a iya wucewa ba a gabar tekun Amazon. Duk da cewa babu tabbatattun bayanai game da yawan dabbobi a yau, masanan dabbobi sun ba da shawarar cewa yawan manatees na Amazon bai wuce mutum 10,000 ba.
Dabbobin da ke zaune a Florida, ko wakilan Antilles, an jera su a cikin Littafin Ja baya a cikin 1970.
Masana kimiyya sunyi cikakken lissafi kuma sun gano cewa a cikin duk mutanen da ke cikin yanayin halitta, kusan 2500 sun balaga da jima'i. Wannan hujja tana ba da dalili da za ayi imani da cewa duk bayan shekaru ashirin yawan jama'a zai ragu da kusan kashi 25-30%.
A cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, an gudanar da babban aiki don kara lamba da kiyaye jinsin, wanda ya samar da sakamako. Ya zuwa Maris 31, 2017, manate din sun canza matsayinsu daga barazanar zuwa ƙarewar ƙarewa cikin haɗari. Masunta, mafarauta da lalata mahalli har yanzu suna haifar da raguwar lambobin dabbobi.
Manatee mai gadi
Photo: Manatees daga littafin Red
Don kiyaye jinsin, an jera dabbobi cikin littafin Red Book na duniya. An ba su matsayin jinsin da ke fuskantar barazanar gushewa gabaɗaya. Hukumomin Amurka sun yi ƙoƙari da yawa. Sun kirkiro wani shiri na musamman dan kiyaye mazaunin dabbobi. An hana farautar su a matakin doka kuma keta wannan doka laifi ne na laifi.
Hakanan, hukumomin Amurka sun hana kamun kifi da watsa raga a cikin gidajen manatee. A karkashin dokar Amurka, duk wanda ya karya wadannan ka'idoji kuma da gangan ko kuma da gangan ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar wata mace, zai fuskanci tarar $ 3,000 ko kuma watanni 24 na aikin gyara. A shekarar 1976, aka bullo da tsarin kula da dabbobi a kasar Amurka.
Shirin ya ba da shawarar a sarrafa yadda ake zubar da sharar mai a cikin ruwa, yana iyakance amfani da jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi kuma inda ake zargin giwayen na rayuwa, da kuma tsaurara dokar hana farauta ta amfani da raga.
Manatee - wakilan ban mamaki na flora da fauna. Duk da girman su da bayyanar su mai ban tsoro, wadannan dabbobi ne masu kirki da sada zumunta, dalilin bacewar mutum kuma shine tasirin sa.
Ranar bugawa: 08.05.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 20.09.2019 a 17:37
