Belukha Whale ne mai ƙarancin haƙori kuma ɗayan manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa a Duniya. Ana iya rarrabe shi da sauƙi ta launinsa na musamman da kuma sifar jikin mutum. Haihuwar shuɗi ko launin toka mai haske, ƙirar ƙirar beluga ta zama fari ta lokacin balaga. Kyakkyawan shugaban yana kama da kifin dabbar dolfin tare da halayyar murmushi da haƙiƙa, neman bincike. Rashin fin fin karfi da kan motsi suna ba da kwatancen mutumin da aka ɗaura.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Belukha
Sunan Delphinapterus leucas ya fito ne daga Girkanci "delphis" - dabbar dolphin. “Apterus” a zahiri ana fassararsa ba tare da fukafuki ba, wanda nan take yake nuna rashin sananniyar ƙarewar dorsal a cikin beluga whale. Sunan jinsin "leucas" ya fito ne daga Girkanci "leucos" - fari.
Ta hanyar bugawa, Delphinapterus leucas yana cikin mafi maɗaukakiyar mawaƙa. Wannan dabban dabba mai tsarin halittar cetaceans na dangin narwhal ne. Wakilin jinsin Belukha kawai shine (Delphinapterus de Lacépède, 1804).
Bidiyo: Belukha
Bayanin farko na beluga whales an kirkireshi ne a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18. Mai bincike Peter Pallas, yayin da yake Rasha, ya ji labarin dabba mai ban mamaki da kuma rubuce-rubucen shaidun gani da ido. Bayan haka, yayin ziyarar da aka kai mashigin Tekun Ob, masanin halitta yayi sa'a da kansa ya gani kuma yayi cikakken bayani game da farin kifin whale a shekarar 1776. An haɗu da dabba a cikin littattafan nazarin rayuwar dabbobi kuma an rarraba su a cikin 1804.
Beluga Whale ana ɗaukarsa ainihin abin nema ga masana ilimin halittu na duk ƙasashe kuma har yanzu ana ɗaukar sa a matsayin dabba mai cikakken ilimin. Rigima game da hadin kan jinsunan farin kifayen whale sun tashi a tsakiyar karni na 20. Wasu masana kimiyyar halittu sun yi kokarin raba haƙƙin haƙori zuwa nau'ikan halittu, yayin da wasu suka dage kan daidaitaccen tsari.
Potididdiga game da asalin jinsin da takaddama game da tsarin halittar dabbar ta faro har zuwa farkon karni na 21. A yau, an cimma yarjejeniya kan batun mallakar jinsin. An bayyana farin kifin Whale a matsayin nau'ikan nau'ikan kifin kifin na bahaushe mai ƙyau.
Gaskiya mai gamsarwa: Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa kifin farko ya faro ne daga dabbobi masu shayarwa wadanda suka dawo cikin ruwa shekaru miliyan 55-60 da suka gabata. Wakilan farko na dangin narwhal sun bayyana daga baya - shekaru miliyan 9-10 da suka gabata a yankin arewa maso gabashin Tekun Fasifik.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Beluga mai shayarwa
Ana kiran mahaifa beluga teku dolphin. Kyakkyawan ƙaramin kai mai ɗauke da halayya, hanci mai tsayi da kuma "murmushi" bakin da babu shakka zai ci amanar dangi na dolphins a cikin kifi. Shugaban da ke motsawa na beluga whale ya bambanta shi da sauran dangi a cikin tsari. Wannan fasalin an kiyaye shi a cikin jinsin saboda godiya ga vertebrae, wanda bai fishe ba, kamar a cikin sauran wakilan cetaceans.
Saboda wannan yanayin, haƙurin haƙuƙan haƙoran waje ya bayyana kafadu, kirji mai faɗi da jiki yana taɗa jela. Fatar jiki santsi, mai sheki, na roba. Tsawon jiki na babban kifin Whale ya kai mita 6. Farin kifin whale yana da ƙarancin filo na gaban jiki daidai gwargwado idan aka kwatanta shi da jiki. Tsawon su shine 1% na jimlar jikin duka - 60 cm, faɗin su cm 30. Tananan flippers ana biyan su ne da nisa da wutsiya. Tsawan sa mita ne, wani lokacin kuma yafi.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin halittar jiki da kuma kimiyyar kifi whale sun dace da rayuwa a cikin Arctic. Nauyin babban namiji na iya bambanta daga kilo 1600 zuwa 2000. Babban nauyin nauyin shine mai kitse mai narkewa. A cikin fararen kifin whales, zai iya kai rabin nauyin jiki, yayin da a cikin wasu Whales zai iya zama 20% kawai.
Ji yana da kyau a cikin dabbobi. Abubuwan keɓaɓɓiyar yanayin haɓakawa suna bawa beluga whale damar samun ramuka masu numfashi a ƙarƙashin murfin kankara na teku. Kyakkyawan muƙamuƙin farin kifin kifi ya ƙunshi hakora 30 zuwa 40. Suna da siffa mai siffar sifa, wanda ke faruwa saboda ɓarkewar haƙoran juna. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙuƙwarar cizon whale. Jaanƙan da muƙamuƙan haƙoransa da haƙoran hakoransu suna ba wa beluga whale damar cizon abincinsa.
Wadannan whale suna masu ninkaya a hankali. Saurin ya fara daga kilomita 3 zuwa 9 a kowace awa. Koyaya, ƙirar ƙirar beluga na iya zuwa saurin gudu na kilomita 22 a awa ɗaya kuma ta riƙe shi na mintina 15. Suna da kyakkyawan motsi. Suna iya matsawa gaba da baya.
Suna shiga cikin ruwa mara zurfi yayin da ruwan ya rufe jiki da kyar. Galibi belugas baya nitsewa sosai, kusan mita 20. Koyaya, suma suna iya nutsuwa zuwa zurfin zurfafawa. A karkashin yanayin gwajin, whale mai horo da sauƙaƙe ya yi nutsuwa da yawa zuwa mita 400. Wani kifin whale ya nitse zuwa mita 647. Tsoma ruwa na hali kasa da mintuna 10, amma zasu iya zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa na sama da mintina 15.
A ina beluga yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: whale beluga
Babban haushi mai hakora yana zaune a cikin ruwan arewacin:
- Tekun teku;
- Tekuna;
- Bays;
- Fjords
Yana shiga cikin ruwa mara zurfi na tekun Arctic, wanda hasken rana ke cigaba da zafinsa. Akwai lokuta idan kifayen beluga suka bayyana a bakin kogi. Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin rani. Whales suna ciyarwa, sadarwa da haifuwa. Zafin ruwan a wannan lokacin yana tsakanin digiri 8 zuwa 10 a ma'aunin Celsius.
Beluga whales ana samunsu a cikin arctic da subarctic teans na Kanada, Greenland, Norway, Russia da Alaska. Akwai jama'a daban-daban a cikin Tekun St Lawrence da Tekun Okhotsk a gabashin Rasha. Duk cikin zangon su, akwai alumomi daban daban da suka mamaye yankuna daban na tekunan arewa.
Watannin Beluga suna rayuwa a Tekun Fari da Kara. Sau da yawa suna ziyartar ƙananan yankuna na bakin teku, amma suna iya nitsewa mita ɗari da yawa don neman abinci. Ana samun haƙori mai haƙori a bakin tekun Rasha, Kanada, Greenland, Alaska. Ya bayyana a gabashin ɓangaren Hudson Bay, Ungava Bay, da kuma Kogin St. Lawrence.
Whale mai suna beluga whale yana yin watanni na hunturu daga gabar Greenland, kuma da fara zafi sai ya adana zuwa gabar yamma ta Davis Strait. Akwai shaidar cewa an ga kifayen teku a gabar Scotland a mashigar ruwa ta Edinburgh. Har zuwa tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata, whale beluga ya shiga cikin manyan kogunan Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Amur, wani lokacin suna hawa sama da daruruwan mil.
Beluga Whales sunfi yawa a cikin ruwan gabar tekun Arctic Ocean, amma ana samunsa a cikin ruwan karkashin ruwa. Whales na yin ƙaura zuwa kudu a cikin manyan garken lokacin da ruwan ya fara daskarewa.
Menene belha whale ke ci?
Photo: Beluga dabba
Beluga Whales suna cin abinci daban. Suna cin ganyayyaki game da nau'in 100, galibi ana samunsu a kan tekun. Abincin beluga whale ya kunshi gaba ɗaya na abincin teku.
Ragowar kayan ɓawon burodi da invertebrates ana samunsu a cikin cikin belugas:
- Dorinar ruwa;
- Kifin kifi;
- Kaguji;
- Molluscs;
- Sandworms.
Whale mai haƙori yana da fifiko ga kifi.
Abincin ya hada da:
- Capelin;
- Cod;
- Ganye;
- Ji;
- Fama.
Dangane da bayanan da aka samo daga ajiye belugas a cikin fursunoni, suna cin kilogram 18 zuwa 27 na abinci kowace rana. Wannan shine 2.5-3% na duka nauyin jikinsu.
Wahalan Beluga galibi suna farauta a cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Neckaƙƙwararon wuya yana ba ta damar yin wahala yayin farauta. Abubuwan da aka lura sun nuna cewa kifin whale na iya jan ruwa a cikin bakinsa ya tura shi cikin matsi mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda walruse ke yi. Jirgin mai ƙarfi ya wanke ƙasan. Dakatarwa a cikin yashi da abinci yana hawa sama. Don haka, kifin whale na iya tayar da ganima daga teku.
Wahawar Beluga tana farautar makarantun kifi. Taro a cikin rukuni na 5 ko fiye da yawa, belugas suna tura makarantun kifi a cikin ruwa mara nauyi sannan kuma su kai hari. Whale ba zai iya tauna abinci ba. Ya haɗiye shi duka. An tsara haƙoran don riƙe ko tara kayan ganima cikin aminci yayin farauta.
A cikin cikin ƙirar whales na beluga, masanan sun kuma gano gutsutsuren itace, yashi, duwatsu da takarda. Da dukkan alamu, waɗannan abubuwan suna shiga jikin kifin Whale yayin farauta a cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Whales ba za su iya haɗiye abinci gaba ɗaya ba. Kayan aikin su na hadiyewa bai dace da wannan ba kuma suna iya shaƙewa kawai. Sabili da haka, kifin Wahala na kama ƙaramin kifi, ko tsunkule ya yaga shi.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Belukha
Belugas dabbobi ne na garke. Suna haɗuwa cikin rukuni na mutane ɗari ɗari. Akwai lokuta lokacin da mulkin mallaka na beluga whales ya kai fiye da dabbobi masu shayarwa dubu. Beluga whales suna buƙatar iska. Whales suna kashe kusan 10% na lokacin su akan farfajiya.
Whale yana da ƙwarewar hanyoyin sadarwa sosai. Beluga Whales suna sadarwa a cikin kewayon mitar mita kuma suna amfani da echolocation. Sautunan da aka samar suna da tsauri da ƙarfi. Suna kama da kukan tsuntsaye. Don wannan laƙabin beluga ana laƙaba masa "raƙuman teku". Muryoyinsu kamar sautin kuka, busa da ihu. Hakkin haƙori mai ɗauke da ɗayan ɗayan ƙarfi a cikin tsarin nazarin halittu. Yana amfani da waƙoƙi yayin wasa, mating da sadarwa.
Beluga Whales kuma suna amfani da lafazin jiki don sadarwa da sadarwa. Suna ba da sigina, cizon haƙora, ci gaba da iyo a kusa da danginsu, ta kowace hanyar da zata iya jawo hankali zuwa ga kansu ko abin da yake sha'awarsu.
Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun tabbatar da cewa kifayen beluga suna amfani da sadarwa lokacin da suke kiwon 'ya'yansu. Suna kula, suna kiwo da kare protecta theiransu. Don kare zuriyarsu, suna shiga bakin manyan koguna, inda suke yin makonni da yawa. A wannan lokacin, suna yin nishaɗi da haɓaka 'ya'yansu.
Farin Whales dabbobi ne masu matukar son hankali tare da hankali kuma masu saurin hankali. Na shiga sadarwa da mutane. Suna tare da jiragen ruwa, wanda a wasu lokuta suke biyan rayukansu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Beluga whale cub
Mating yana faruwa tsakanin Fabrairu da Mayu. Maza suna jawo hankalin mata ta hanyar yin kwarkwasa, tsere, wasa da ruwa. A lokaci guda, suna yin sauti mai ƙarfi, dannawa da busawa. A cikin yaƙin mata, maza suna nuna ƙarfi da fifiko ga kishiyoyinsu. Maza suna amfani da wutsiya a cikin ruwa, girgiza kai, tsawa sauti da yaren jiki. Sun yanke abokin hamayyar ta hanyar karkatar da jiki, suna toshe hanya kuma suna nuna ta kowace hanya cewa an rufe yankin.
Mace ce take yanke shawarar yin aure. Shafa fararen kifin Whales yana da kyan gani. Ma'auratan suna wasa, suna iyo tare kuma suna taɓa jikinsu. Zuriya sun bayyana tsakanin Maris da Satumba. Ciki yana dauke da kwanaki 400-420. Masana ilmin namun daji suna da kwarin gwiwa cewa fararen kifin whales na iya rage saurin ciki da haihuwar 'yan maruƙa. Wannan zaton an yi shi ne bisa la'akari da cewa haihuwa a cikin rukuni na faruwa a kusan lokaci guda. Tunda tsarin daukar ciki yana da wahalar aiki tare, ka'idar hana tayi ya taso.
Sababbin farin kifin whale suna da nauyin kilogram 80. Launin jariran shuɗi ne ko launin toka. Kwaranu suna zama tare da mahaifiyarsu aƙalla shekara biyu. Duk wannan lokacin ana ciyar dasu da madara. Lactation a cikin kifin kifi yana daga shekara 1.5 zuwa 2. Yaran da aka haifa suna tsakanin mata biyu: uwa da yarinya. Ana kula da ɗiyan, ana kiyaye shi kuma ana ɗaga shi don shan iska.
Whales sun kai ga balagar jima’i har zuwa shekaru 4-7. Matsayinsu na iyakar rayuwa shine shekaru 50. An yi imanin cewa mata suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 32 a matsakaita, maza har zuwa 40.
Abokan gaba na belugas
Photo: Beluga Whales a cikin teku
A dabi'a, masanan beluga suna da makiya da yawa. Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, waɗannan manyan dabbobin daji ne a ƙarƙashin ruwa da kuma kan tekun. Yanayin mai farauta, girma da lamba ya dogara da mazaunin beluga whale. Daga cikin su akwai kifin whale, polar bears, da Greenland sharks.
Belugas suna da sauƙin ganima don beyar polar. Farar whale din tana zuwa kusa da dusar kankara inda ake samun beyar farauta. Wasu lokuta bera yakan zo kankara mai ƙaura musamman don farauta, wani lokacin kuma sukan zauna a kanta tsawon kwanaki. Polar Bears suna farautar ƙirar ƙirar beluga da kai hari ta amfani da fika da hakora.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Whale beluga yana da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don kariya - sake kamanni, ikon ɓoyewa a cikin kankara da kuma bayan babban ɗan ƙabilar da zai iya tunkarar harin mai farauta.
Orcas suna da hanyar farauta daban. Yayinda garken fararen kifin Whale suka fara ƙaura, kisar whale ya haɗu da ƙungiyar kuma ya bi ta yawancin hanya, yana kai hare-hare koyaushe da ciyarwa. Belugas yawanci suna jin whales na kisa, wanda ke da wuya a kawo musu hari. Saboda ƙananan motsi na kifin whale a cikin kankara, belugas sun sami damar tserewa daga masu bin su.
'Yan kifayen Greenland sun kori makarantar kuma suna kai hari ba kawai a lokacin ƙaura ba, har ma a cikin mazauninsu. Koyaya, fararen kifin Whale suna da ikon juriya gama gari. Sau da yawa, dabbobi suna makale a cikin kankara Arctic kuma su mutu, suna zama ganima na belar polar, whale killer da kuma yawan jama'ar yankin.
Mutane sun kasance mafi mahimmancin barazana da barazana ga rayuwar jinsi. Farauta a kan sikelin masana'antu don fata da kifin kifi whale ya rage yawan dabbobin. Babban haɗari ga waɗannan kifayen teku sune mai guba da kuma sharar masana'antu, shara, da canjin yanayi da canjin muhalli a wuraren kiwo da wuraren zama.
Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa gurɓataccen amo yana shafar belugas. Girman ci gaba da haɓaka jigilar kayayyaki, ƙaruwar kwararar yawon buɗe ido na daji yana rikitar da haifuwa ta al'ada kuma yana haifar da raguwar adadin maruƙa, kuma sakamakon haka, raguwa cikin garken.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Dabba beluga
Kimanin yawaitar belugas ya banbanta sosai. Bambancin lambobi dubun dubbai ne. Wannan babban kuskure ne ga irin wannan nau'in da ba a cika samu ba.
Yawan mutanen duniya a halin yanzu ya kasance daga dabbobi 150,000 zuwa 180,000. An gano wuraren zama na hakora talatin - 12 suna cikin Tarayyar Rasha. Rukunin manyan kifayen teku - fiye da 46% - koyaushe yana gefen ƙetaren Rasha.
Gidajen babban jama'a:
- Bristol Bay;
- Tekun Bering na Gabas;
- Tekun Chukchi;
- Tekun Beaufort;
- Northernasar Arewa;
- Yammacin Greenland;
- Yamma, Kudu da Gabas Hudson Bay;
- St. Lawrence Kogin;
- Spitsbergen;
- Franz Josef Land;
- Ob Bay;
- Tekun Yenisei;
- Onega Bay;
- Dvinskaya Bay;
- Tekun Laptev;
- Tekun Chukchi ta Yamma;
- Tekun Gabas-Siberiya;
- Bay Anadyr;
- Shelikhov Bay;
- Sakhalin - Kogin Amur;
- Tsibirin Shantar.
Masana ilimin kimiya na Kanada sun ƙididdige belugas 70,000 zuwa 90,000 a yankin su. Yawan mutanen yammacin ɓangaren Hudson Bay ana ɗaukar su mafi girma a cikin ruwan Kanada - kusan mutane 24,000. Beluga Whales da ke rayuwa a wannan ɓangaren bay ana ɗaukarsu masu tsayayya da abubuwan waje, duk da yanayin tashin hankali da sa hannun ɗan adam a cikin rayuwar hakin haƙora.
Wakilan ƙasashe daban-daban suna ƙididdige yawan ƙaura? - Denmark, Norway, Russia, Canada da Burtaniya. Lambar su a wurin farawa ta bambanta da wacce ake kammalawa. Alkaluman sun nuna irin asarar da kungiyoyin suka yi daga hare-haren masu farauta da ayyukan mutane.
Mafi yawan rukunin dabbobi suna zaune a cikin gidan zoo, aquariums, aquariums na ƙasa da dolphinariums. Masana kimiyya sun rasa yadda mutum daya zai iya zama cikin kamuwa. Dangane da wasu ƙididdiga, yana iya zama daga dabbobi 100 ko fiye kawai a yankin ƙasar Rasha, da kusan mutane 250 a wasu ƙasashen duniya.
Kariyar belugas
Hotuna: Belukha Red Book
An sanya farin haƙar haƙar haƙori a cikin Littafin Bayanai na Red a matsayin nau'in haɗari. Jerin barazanar ya hada da kamun kifin masana'antu, abubuwan waje da barnatar da mutane. An asalin yankin Arctic a Alaska, Kanada, Greenland da Rasha suna farautar ƙirar whale. Yawan dabbobin da aka kashe kusan 1000 ne a kowace shekara. A Alaska, daga 300 zuwa 400 da aka kashe, a Kanada, daga 300 zuwa 400. Har zuwa shekarar 2008, Internationalungiyar Internationalungiyar Kare Halittar Internationalasa ta Duniya (IUCN) ta ayyana ƙirar ƙirar beluga a matsayin “mai rauni”. yawa a wasu sassa na kewayon.
Kifin Wuta, kamar sauran nau'o'in Arctic, suna fuskantar canjin wurin zama saboda canjin yanayi da narkewar kankarar Arctic. Har yanzu ba a bayyana gaba ɗaya dalilin da ya sa masun beluga ke amfani da kankara ba, amma ana ɗauka cewa wannan wurin ɓuya ne daga mahautan da suka fi yawa. Canje-canje a cikin ƙimar kankara Arctic ya haifar da asara mai yawa tsakanin mutane. Canje-canjen yanayi kwatsam na iya daskarar da fasa kankara da kifayen da whale ke amfani da su don samun iskar oxygen, wanda hakan ke kashe whales ta hanyar shaƙa.
Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta zartar da Dokar Kare Dabbobin Dabbobi na Ruwa da ke hana bin da farautar duk dabbobin da ke cikin ruwa a gabar ruwan Amurka. An yiwa dokar kwaskwarima sau da dama don bawa 'yan asalin damar farautar abinci, kama kayyadaddun mutane na dan lokaci domin bincike, ilimi da kuma nunawa ga jama'a. Whaling na kasuwanci ya sanya whale cikin haɗarin bacewa a yankuna kamar Cook Bay, Ungava Bay, St. Lawrence River da yammacin Greenland. Ci gaba da korar 'yan asalin ƙasar na iya nufin wasu al'ummomin za su ci gaba da raguwa
Belukha - dabba dabba wacce ta shiga cikin hadadden tsarin rikidar halitta. Masana kimiyya sun yi nasarar gano cewa kakannin farin kifi whale na zamani sun taɓa rayuwa a cikin tekun dumi, kuma kafin hakan a saman duniya. Wannan gaskiyar ta tabbata ne daga burbushin halittu da aka samo a arewacin California, da kasusuwa na wata dabba da ta gabata wacce aka samu a jihar Vermont, Amurka. Ragowar sun huta a zurfin mita 3 a karkashin ƙasa kuma nesa da teku mafi kusa da nisan kilomita 250. Binciken DNA ya ba da wasa tare da lambar ƙirar ƙirar beluga ta zamani. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa kakanninta sun bar tekun, sannan sun dawo mazaunin ruwa.
Ranar bugawa: 15.04.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 21:16
