Kada ku dame mai hankali da beran yau da kullun, saboda ba komai bane a cikin sa, amma yana cikin ajin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wataƙila wannan shine ƙaramin wakilin wannan aji. Mai hankali - mai hallakar da tarin dabbobi iri-iri. Animalaramar dabba tana da kyakkyawar kallo mai ban dariya, godiya ga proboscis a kan bakin fuska, kallon wanne, ba da gangan ba murmushi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Shrew
Shrew dabba ne mai shayarwa, yana cikin tsarin kwari. Wannan shi ne mafi ƙanƙancin mai cin abincin dangin mai hankali. A bayyane, mai hankali ya yi kama da linzamin kwamfuta na yau da kullun, mara kyau, amma an ci amanar shi ta hanyar ɓataccen ra'ayi da keɓaɓɓiyar sanarwa a kan bakinsa. Iyali masu hankali sun haɗa da nau'ikan ɗari uku na waɗannan dabbobin da ba a saba gani ba, waɗanda aka haɗu zuwa gida biyu:
- Shrews (suna da enamel haƙori mai ruwan kasa);
- Shrews (dabbobi tare da farin enamel hakori).
Kawai a cikin kasarmu akwai nau'ikan shrews 21. Mutane sun daɗe suna lura da halin muzgunawa da tashin hankali, don haka suke kiransu "devananan shedanu". Idan ka shiga cikin tarihi, to a can can cikin karni na goma sha bakwai, masanin masanin kimiyyar dabbobi Topsel ya bayyana wannan dabba a matsayin mai farauta da mugunta, wacce ke cizawa da matukar wahala, kuma duk wani cizon da zai ci. Bari muyi bayani dalla-dalla game da wasu nau'ikan shrews.
Shananan shrew ɗin shine mafi ƙanƙanin dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya, tsayin jikinsa daga 3 zuwa 5 cm. An sanya sunan dabbar saboda launin enamel ɗin haƙori, wanda ke hana saurin haƙoran hakora. Launin gashin gashin dabba ma yana da launin ruwan kasa.
Fararrun hakora (pygmy masu farin hakora) sun ɗan fi na baya girma, tsayin jikinsa ya kai kimanin cm 7. Launin haƙora enamel ɗin haƙori, kamar yadda sunan yake, fari ne. Ganawa tare da wannan dabba yana da wuya ƙwarai, launi na gashin wannan nau'in shrews yana da launin toka.
Babban shrew din shine babban wakilin danginsa, tsawon jikinsa yakai cm 15, kuma tsawon jelarsa yakai 10. Launin gashin gashinsa na iya zama launin toka mai haske ko baki ne gaba ɗaya.
Shrews na yau da kullun (shrews na ruwa) suna da ban sha'awa zuwa gabar tafkunan ruwa mai kyau. Wani fasali na irin waɗannan shrews sune gashin gashi mara ƙarfi a gabobin hannu, godiya ga wanda ya dace da motsawa cikin ruwa. Bugu da kari, gashin gashin wannan dabbar yana da ruwa, yana da launi mai launin toka, kuma a ciki yana da sautin mai haske. A cikin bayyanar, wannan shrew ɗin yayi kama da beran ruwa.
Bidiyo: Shrew
Mice shrews suna aiki a kowane lokaci na rana. Gashinsu mai laushi ne da siliki. Launin gashinsu na iya zama launin toka, rawaya, launin ruwan kasa-kasa har ma da baki, jiki yana da tsawon 6 zuwa 11 cm, kuma nauyinsa kusan 23 g ne.
Shrews na Amurka suna da girma sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran dangi, suna da gajeren jela da gabobi masu ƙarfi. Wadannan dabbobin suna da dafi kuma suna da duhu mai duhu.
Shuke-shuken daji ba su da girma, amma fur ɗinsu yana da daɗi, doguwa kuma kyakkyawa. Inuwarta galibi launin toka ne. Tsawon jiki na wannan nau'ikan bai fi 10 cm ba, kuma nauyinsa daga 3 zuwa 12 g.
Shugar sulke ta Uganda tana da kwarangwal wanda babu irin sa a tsarin sa. Tsawon jikinta zai iya kaiwa cm 15, dabbar kuwa nauyinta yakai gram 110. Gashi ba ta da kyau, amma dai lokacin farin ciki, launin fur din launin toka ne.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: godiya ga kwarangwal mai ban mamaki na dabba mai sulke, dabbar na iya shawo kan manyan abubuwa a jikin ta, waɗanda sun ninka nauyin nauyin shrew ɗin sau dubu.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Shrew a kan shafin
Duk da cewa akwai wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan shrews, kuma duk suna da nasu takamaiman fasali, har yanzu akwai sauran halaye na halal na bayyanar da ke cikin dangi mai hankali. Dangane da jiki, kan dabbar yana da girma, bakin almara yana da tsayi kuma yana nuna, kuma hanci yana wucewa zuwa ƙaramin proboscis tare da motsi.
Paafafun dabba gajeru ne, suna da yatsu biyar. Jawo yana da kauri da karara. Tsawon wutsiya ya banbanta ga jinsuna daban-daban, a wasu yana da gajarta sosai, a wasu kuma ya fi duka jiki tsawo. Kokon kai na da kunkuntar da elongated siffar da aka nuna zuwa hanci. Wani fasali na musamman na shrew shine girman kwakwalwarsa, yana da kashi ɗaya bisa goma na nauyin dukan dabba, wanda ya fi girma fiye da na mutane da dabbobin dolphin.
Kamar wannan, ba a kiyaye kasusuwa a cikin shrews, kuma yawan haƙoran sun bambanta daga 26 zuwa 32. Hakoran dindindin suna maye gurbin na madara koda a matakin embryonic, saboda haka ana haihuwar shrews jariri da haƙoran haƙori. Akwai raunin incis a gaba, musamman ƙananan. A kewayen buɗe ido da al'aura akwai wani abu kamar abin birgima na fata. A gefen gefe a gindin wutsiyar, akwai gland din da ke fitar da wani warin tayi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: mata shrews suna da nono 6 zuwa 10, kuma gland din din din na maza yana cikin jiki. Maza suna da girman girman al'aura, tsayinsa ya kai kashi saba'in cikin ɗari na tsawon jiki duka.
Mai shrew yana da bugun zuciya da sauri, a huta yana kaiwa har zuwa doke 700 a minti daya, kuma a cikin yanayin firgita zai iya kaiwa zuwa 1200. Gabaɗaya, masana kimiyya sun lura cewa waɗannan halittun basu da daidaito sosai kuma suna firgita, saboda haka zasu iya mutuwa koda daga tsawa mai ƙarfi.
A ina mai hankali yake rayuwa?
Photo: Dabba shrew
Daban-daban nau'in shrews sun bazu ko'ina cikin duniyar tamu. Suna zaune kusan ko'ina, ba za'a iya samunsu kawai a yankin Ostiraliya ba, a cikin yankuna na polar, New Zealand da New Guinea, da kuma wasu yankuna na Kudancin Amurka, wanda yake kudu da ƙasashe kamar Venezuela, Ecuador da Colombia.
Wadannan halittu masu rarrafe suna canza rayuwa zuwa yankuna daban-daban:
- A cikin yankuna masu laushi;
- A cikin tsaunukan dutse (har zuwa kilomita 4);
- A cikin hamada da hamadar hamada;
- A cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi na wurare masu zafi;
- A cikin dausayi.
Kowace dabba na da abin da ta mallaka, yankin da take kiyayewa sosai don kauce wa cin zarafin masu kutse. Idan wani ya riga ya mamaye rabon masu hankali, to gwagwarmayar neman yankin farauta za ta fara, sakamakonta na iya zama mummunan ga ɗayan abokan hamayyar. Shrews suna yin faɗa ba kawai da irin nasu ba, har ma da ɓeraye da ƙadangare.
Burrows suna zama mafaka da kuma gida don shinge, amma su da kansu ba safai suke tono su ba, kuma suna ƙoƙarin mamaye ramin wani wanda ya bari. Idan za su tona mahalli nasu, to, sun mai da shi mara zurfi.
Kogunan ruɓaɓɓen bishiyoyi na birgewa suna daɗi, inda suma suke ba gidajensu kayan aiki. A cikin ramin su, shrews suna yin shimfida mai laushi da kwanciyar hankali daga ganyen shekarar data gabata. Zamu iya cewa da tabbaci cewa shrews dabbobi ne marasa nutsuwa waɗanda ke bin wani yanki don rayuwar su ta ɗan gajarta.
Menene mai hankali ke ci?
Photo: Mouse shrew
Mai hankali shine yake neman abinci kusan duk rayuwarta, saboda suna buƙatar abinci mai yawa don kula da yanayin zafin jikin da ake buƙata da kuma sake cika duk kuɗin kuzari.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: a rana, mai hankali yana cin abinci mai yawa, wanda nauyinsa kusan ninki biyu ne na dabbar kanta.
A cikin abincin waɗannan ƙananan masu farautar, akwai kusan kwari. Tsarin shrew ya kunshi:
- Slugs;
- Medvedok;
- Leet beetles;
- Gizo-gizo;
- Dodunan kodi;
- Caterpillars;
- Mokriti;
- Kowane irin tsutsa;
- Tsutsotsi na duniya;
- May beetles.
Haka kuma shrew din na iya kai hari ga kadangaru, kananan beraye, kwaɗi. Ruwan shrews suna farin cikin cin ƙananan kifi da amphibians. Abu mafi wahala ga waɗannan ƙananan dabbobin shine a lokacin tsananin hunturu, lokacin da ƙasa ke daskarewa kuma yana da matukar wahala a tono wani abu daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. A lokacin hunturu, shrews na iya cin tsaba na tsire-tsire iri-iri, amma samfuran da ba a cika samun su ba har zuwa bazara.
Jin ƙamshi da kyakkyawan taɓawa yana taimaka wa dabbobi neman abinci. A zamanin shrews babu rarrabuwa cikin dare da rana, sun kasu kashi-kashi na farauta da bacci. Tabbatar da cin abincin dabbobi, tabbas, yana da ban mamaki, amma rayuwarsu ta dogara ne akan hakan, saboda kumburin yaran nan yana da ƙarfi sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: shrews ba za su daɗe ba tare da abinci ba, a lokacin rani za su iya yin ba tare da abinci ba na kimanin awanni 10, kuma a cikin hunturu - kawai 3. A ƙarshen wannan lokacin, dabbar ta mutu idan ba a ciyar da ita ba. Wannan shine abin sha'awa yadda aka tsara jikinsu.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Lambun shrew
Ko da a yau, ba a san komai game da halaye da halayen shrews. ba a yi cikakken nazarin su ba, saboda suna rayuwa mafi yawanci ta rayuwar magariba kuma suna cikin jijiyar ƙasa kusan kowane lokaci. Maza daga mata kusan ba za a iya rarrabe su ba a cikin bayyanar.
A dabi'unsu, waɗannan dabbobin suna da ni'imomi, kowannensu yana da nasa mallakar ƙasa, wanda ke kiyaye shi da kyau daga baƙi. Mai hankali zai iya yin gwagwarmaya mai tsananin gaske game da makircin ƙasarta tare da masu kutse, ba ta jin tsoron kai hari ga babban linzamin kwamfuta da kadangaru. Tana da saurin fushi da saurin fushi.
A gefe guda, wannan dabba ba ta da daidaito kuma tana jin kunya, tare da jijiyoyin shrew, rashin jituwa, a zahiri yana iya tsoran mutuwa har ma da tsawa. Shaƙatawa ga waɗannan dabbobin baƙon abu ne, amma idan aka sami abinci kaɗan, sai mai hankali ya faɗa cikin wani ɗan gajeren wayo, kuma zafin jikinsa ya sauka ƙasa a wannan lokacin.
Shan gajeren shrews, waɗanda aka yi rajista a Kanada da Amurka, da kuma shrews ɗin ruwa da ke zaune a ƙasarmu a gefen rafin tafki, dabbobi ne masu guba, cizon da yake da shi yana da zafi sosai har ma ga mutane kuma yana haifar da kumburin wurin da aka cije, kuma ga ƙananan dabbobi da yawa irin wannan cizon yana mutuwa ne kawai.
Game da tsawon rayuwar shrew ɗin, yana da saurin gudu kuma yana kusan shekara ɗaya da rabi. An lura cewa mata sun fi maza tsawon wata guda. Anan ga irin yanayin ban sha'awa da nau'i biyu na shrews: a gefe guda, suna da matukar damuwa da tsoro, kuma a ɗayan, suna da rikici da rashin tabbas.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Baby shrew
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, shrews sun fi son wanzuwa a cikin keɓaɓɓen yankinsu. Wadannan dabbobin suna hayayyafa sau daya zuwa uku a shekara. Offspringaunar haihuwa tana ɗaukar makonni 2-3. A cikin mahaifa, ana iya samun daga jarirai 4 zuwa 14, waɗanda aka haifa makaho da gashi.
Proboscis a cikin jarirai ba shi da kyau, don haka jarirai ba su da hanci ko hanci. A cikin yanayi mai kyau a lokacin bazara, mace daya zata iya tara yara kimanin arba'in, kuma wasu dabbobin suna da lokacin samun toa theiran su a lokacin bazara.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: iyaye biyu suna ba da gida don zuriya ta gaba, kodayake masana kimiyya ba su riga sun tabbatar da cewa shrews ɗin suna da mata ɗaya ko kuma mata da yawa ba.
A kan laushi mai laushi na busassun ganyaye, yara suna girma kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai da sauri, kuma tuni cikin wata guda suka sami independenceancin kai cikakke. Yana da kyau a lura da yadda masu hankali tare da ɗiyansu ke motsawa cikin fayil ɗaya, suna riƙe wutsiyoyin juna tare da haƙoransa. Daga nesa ya yi kama da jirgin ƙasa, inda kowane ɗayan ya zama kamar tirela. Idan, duk da haka, cuban ya kula ya ɓace, to, ya ba da sanarwar wannan tare da sowarsa, mahaifiya ta tsayar da "jirgin ƙasa" kuma tana neman asarar, to motsin locomotive yana ci gaba.
Yana da kyau a faɗi mahimmin ikon shrews, wanda ake kira "Abun Denel", ana nuna shi da raguwar girman jiki tare da farkon yanayin sanyi na kaka, kwanyar ta zama mai taushi. A watan Afrilu, girmansa ya sake ƙaruwa. Anan ga yadda baƙon abu yake a cikin gajeren rayuwar irin wannan ƙaramar halitta a matsayin mai hankali.
Abokan gaba na shrews
Hoto: Babban mai hankali
Sizeananan ƙananan shrews yana sa su zama masu rauni ga manyan dabbobi da yawa. Sau da yawa suna fada cikin ganima ga tsuntsayen masu neman dare da rana. Weasels, ferrets da sauran ƙananan dabbobin da ke farauta suna iya ciyar da shrews. Sau da yawa sukan fada cikin farauta ta hanyar dawakai da kuliyoyi da karnuka.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna rikitar da shure-shure da ɓeraye, amma, shan irin wannan ganima a cikin bakinsu, nan da nan za su ji kuskurensu kuma, galibi, suna ƙin irin wannan abincin. Duk game da ƙanshi ne mai ƙyashi wanda ƙwayoyin kwari suke fitarwa, saboda shi, yawancin masu farauta suna cin shrews ba tare da so ba kuma kawai idan babu wasu zaɓuɓɓuka don abinci.
Daya daga cikin makiya shrews shine mutumin da yake lalata wadannan dabbobi, yana dauke su kwari na filaye, lambuna da lambunan kayan lambu. Tabbas, mai hankali yana iya lalata tushen tsarin shuke-shuke da ake nomawa don neman kwari, amma kuma yana kawo fa'idodi masu yawa ga ƙasa. Tare da proboscis, dabba cikin basira yana sakin kasa, wanda yake cike da iskar oxygen, yayin da mai hankali ke lalata dukkanin tarin kwari masu cutarwa da tsutsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: shrews suna lalata yawancin kwari koda a wuraren da tsuntsaye basa iya samun su.
Abun takaici, mutane suna ganin cutarwa kawai a cikin ayyukan shrews, kodayake wannan ba komai bane. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, yawancin shrews suna mutuwa a lokacin mawuyacin lokacin hunturu saboda rashin abinci, da kyar suke rayuwa har zuwa dumi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Dabba mai shrew
Kamar yadda aka ce, shrews suna yaduwa kusan a duk duniya, ban da wasu yankuna, amma yanayin yawan su yana da wuyar fahimta, duk ya dogara da wani ko wata jinsin wannan dabba. Girman yawan shrews da yawa yana da karko kuma ba a fuskantar shi da wata barazana, kuma ana ɗaukar wasu nau'in suna cikin haɗari kuma ana lissafin su cikin Littafin Ja.
Idan muka yi magana game da dangin shrews gabaɗaya, to kawai wasu nau'ikan ne kawai ake ɗaukar haɗari, kuma yawan wasu nau'in ba sa haifar da damuwa. Kar ka manta akwai kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan ɗari uku na waɗannan kwari masu ban sha'awa, saboda haka suna da yawa kuma suna yaɗuwa ko'ina cikin nahiyoyi daban-daban, ƙasashe, yankuna da yankuna.
Shrew kariya
Hotuna: Shrew Red Book
A yau halin da ake ciki tare da shrews na gandun daji ba shi da kyau, ana ɗaukar wannan nau'in yana cikin haɗari. Eisentraut ta murine shine da kuma Rampian murine shrew suma suna cikin hatsari. Duk waɗannan nau'ikan da aka ambata an jera su a cikin littafin ja na Unionungiyar forasashen Duniya don Kare Halitta
An jera katuwar shrew a cikin Littafin Ja na Tarayyar Rasha; ana ɗaukarsa mafi ƙarancin kayan tarihi, wanda yawansu ya ragu sosai a cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata.
Ainihin, dalilin da yasa aka sanya wasu nau'ikan shrews a matsayin masu hatsari shine babban sare itace, mamayar filayen da dabbobi ke zaune domin bukatun noma, fadada gina matsugunan mutane. Duk wannan yana shafar adadin dabbobi da yawa, gami da masu hankali.
A ƙarshe, ya rage don ƙarawa cewa rayuwar ƙaramin shrew yana da gajere, amma mai tsananin gaske da ban sha'awa. Zuwa cikin cikakkun bayanan ta, zaku iya koyon sabbin abubuwa da yawa da sababbu. Babban kuskuren mutane da yawa shine kuskuren shi don ƙaramin linzamin kwamfuta, amma shrew ba kwari bane kwata-kwata, amma mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mai hana rauni, wanda shine tsawar ƙwarin kwari mara adadi.
Ranar bugawa: 11.04.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 16:27
