Hawainiya suna daga cikin wakilai masu ban mamaki da ban mamaki na duniyar dabbobi. Hawainiyar Yemen shine ɗayan mafi girma da haske. Waɗannan wakilan waɗannan nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe ne waɗanda masoyan dabbobi masu ban sha'awa ke kunnawa, tunda an bambanta su da tsananin juriya da kuma dacewa da sabbin halaye na tsare. Koyaya, waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar wasu yanayin rayuwa, don haka kafin ku fara irin wannan dabba mai ban mamaki, yana da daraja nazarin fasalin abubuwan da ke ciki.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Hawainiyar Yamen
Hawainiyar Yamen wakilai ne na kyawawan dabbobi masu rarrafe, suna cikin tsari ne na fata, sub-tsari na kadangaru, an kasafta su ne ga dangin hawainiya, jinsin halittu da nau'ikan hawainiya.
Hawainiya suna daga cikin tsoffin dabbobi masu rarrafe a duniya. Masu binciken ilimin dabbobi sun bayyana abubuwan da aka samo, wanda, a nasu ra'ayin, sun riga sun kai kimanin shekaru miliyan ɗari. An gano tsoffin ragowar hawainiyar Yemen a Turai. Suna nuna cewa wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun wanzu a duniya sama da shekaru miliyan 25 da suka gabata.
Bidiyo: Hawainiyar Yaman
Bugu da kari, an gano ragowar dabbobi masu rarrafe a Asiya da Afirka. Suna nuna cewa a zamanin da mazaunin wadannan wakilan duniyar dabbobi sun fi fadi, kuma an rarraba dabbobin a nahiyoyi daban-daban. Masana ilmin namun daji sun ba da shawarar cewa Madagascar ta zamani ta kasance gida ga nau'in hawainiya da yawa.
Tun da farko, tsoffin mazaunan Yemen sun dauka cewa hawainiyar talakawa suna rayuwa a yankinsu, wanda daga baya aka ware su a matsayin jinsinsu daban.
Wannan ƙadangaren ya samo sunansa ne saboda mazaunin sa - yankin kudancin larabawan Yemen. Wannan shine farkon kayan masarufi waɗanda aka samu nasarar ciyar da su a cikin Rasha a gida a cikin terrariums. Tun daga shekarun 80s, waɗannan ƙananan ya zama mafi mashahuri kuma ake buƙata a tsakanin masu kiwon dabbobi masu ban sha'awa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Hawainiyar Yamen mata
Waɗannan raƙuman hawainiya ana ɗaukar su mafi girma kuma suna da kyau ƙwarai. Tsawon jiki na manya ya kai santimita 45-55. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna nuna dimorphism. Mata suna da kusan karami na uku a girma.
Wani fasali na keɓaɓɓen Yamen ɗan ƙarami ne, wanda ake kiransa mayafi, ko masu ɗaukar hular kwano. Tun daga nesa, dagwalon yana kama da hular kwano da ke rufe kan kadangaru. Ya kai tsayi har zuwa santimita goma.
Yaran yara suna da launi mai launi mai haske. Dabbobi masu rarrafe sukan canza launi. Manya suna canza launi idan suka sami damuwa, mace yayin ciki, ko kuma maza yayin saduwa da juna yayin da mata suka kusanto. Kore zai iya canzawa zuwa launin ruwan kasa, shuɗi, fari, duhu mai duhu. Yayinda suka girma, kalar kadangarun na canzawa. Raƙuman rawaya mai haske ko lemu suna bayyana a jikin dabbobi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Masana ilmin namun daji suna da’awar cewa launi ya dogara da yanayin zaman jama’a. Kadangararrun da suka girma shi kaɗai suna da launi mai launi fiye da waɗanda suka girma a cikin gama kai.
Gabobin jikin dabbobi siriri ne kuma dogaye, an daidaita su sosai don hawa bishiyoyi da kuma riƙe rassan. Wutsiyar ta fi tsayi, ta fi kauri a gindin, ta fi siriri zuwa ƙarshen. Hawainiya sau da yawa suna mirgine shi a cikin ƙwallo idan suka zauna babu motsi a kan rassan bishiyoyi. Wutsiya tana da mahimmanci, yana aiki azaman tallafi, yana da hannu cikin kiyayewa da kiyaye daidaito.
Hawainiya suna da tsarin ido mai ban mamaki. Suna iya juyawa digiri 360, suna ba da cikakken kallo kewaye. An tsara hangen nesa ta hanyar da idanun idanu, zaku iya tantance nisan nesa da wanda ake so.
Hawainiyar Yaman suna da dogon siriri. Tsawonsa yakai santimita 20-23. Harshen yana da ƙasa mai tsini wanda zai ba shi damar kamawa da riƙe ganima. Akwai wani nau'in tsotsa a saman harshen yana jan hankalin kwari kuma yana hana su tserewa.
A ina hawainiyar Yaman take zaune?
Hoto: Hawainiyar Yamen Balagagge
Wannan wakilin halittu masu rarrafe yana rayuwa ne a cikin yanayi na musamman a yankin Yaman, tsibirin Madagascar, da ke Saudi Arabiya. Lizards sun fi son gandun daji masu dausayi, ƙananan bishiyoyi da kaurin daji na nau'ikan ciyayi iri-iri. Koyaya, masanan dabbobi sun ce hawainiyar Yemen ɗin ma tana jin daɗin zama a yankuna masu bushewa, a yankunan tsaunuka.
Ana iya samun saukin sa a inda ciyayi ke da ƙaranci, ko kuma, akasin haka, a cikin yankuna masu zafi ko na subtropics. Wannan yankin na duniya yana da yanayin yanayi daban-daban. Yawancin mutane da yawa suna kan tsaunuka waɗanda ke tsakanin Yemen da Saudi Arabia. Wannan yanki na nahiyar yana dauke da hamada da rashin ciyayi iri-iri, amma hawainiya suna zabar yankunan bakin ruwa da suke jin dadi sosai.
Daga baya, an gabatar da dabbobi masu shayarwa zuwa Florida da tsibirin Hawaiian, inda suka sami tushen sosai kuma suka zama masu saurin zama.
Kadangaru suna son kashe lokaci mai tsawo akan rassan bishiyoyi da daji. Koyaya, tare da babban iri-iri, yana zaɓar nau'ikan shuke-shuke da suka fi so daga jinsunan da ke akwai. Wadannan sun hada da itaciya, tsirrai masu kama da cactus da shrubs na gidan Euphorbia. 'Yan kadangare sukan zauna kusa da ƙauyukan' yan Adam, suna zaɓar lambuna da kuma yin lambun daji.
Me hawainiyar Yaman ke ci?
Hoto: Hawainiyar ƙasar Yemen
Tushen abincin dabbobi masu rarrafe shine ƙananan kwari, ko wasu dabbobi. Don kama farautar su, dole ne su farauta. A saboda wannan, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna hawa wani reshe na daji ko bishiyoyi, kuma suna daskarewa na dogon lokaci, suna jiran lokacin da ya dace. A lokacin jira, jikin kadangarun gaba daya baya motsi, kwayar idanun kawai suke juyawa.
A irin wannan lokacin, yana da matuƙar wahala a lura da hawainiya a cikin ganye, kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Lokacin da abin farauta ya kusanto kusa da nesa, sai ya fitar da harshensa da mai tsotsa a ƙarshen kuma ya kama abincin. Idan sunci karo da manyan ganima, sai su kame shi da bakinsu baki daya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Hawainiyar Yaman ita ce kawai wakilin wannan nau'in, wanda, bayan ya kai ga balagar jima'i, ya kusan canzawa gaba ɗaya zuwa ciyar da ciyayi.
Abin da aka ƙunsa a cikin abincin kagaggen Yemen:
- Butterflies;
- Kwalliyar kwalliya;
- Gizo-gizo;
- Zananan ƙadangare;
- Cibiyoyi;
- Kukulaye;
- Ƙwaro;
- Rodananan rodents;
- Kayan lambu.
Abin mamaki, hawainiyar Yaman ne ke da shuke-shuke. Suna cin fruitsa rian itacen marmari, da ganyaye masu zaki da andan youngan ciyayi na ciyayi iri-iri. Lokacin da ake kiyaye su a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna cin pears, apples, zucchini, barkono, ganyen magarya, dandelion, da sauran ciyayi.
Don cike buƙatun jiki na ruwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna lasa da digo na raɓa da safe daga ciyayi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da matukar mahimmanci yayin kiyaye abu mai rarrafe a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi, ya zama dole ayi ban ruwa a farfajiyar da dukkan wuraren da ruwa don samar wa kadangaru tushen ruwa. Abin da ake buƙata shine tabbatar da wadatar alli da bitamin da ake buƙata don cikakken aikin hawainiyar Yamen.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Hawainiyar Yamen
Dabbobi masu rarrafe sukan ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsu akan bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi. Suna sauka zuwa saman duniya yayin da suke son canza mazauninsu ko suna buƙatar ɓoyewa ƙarƙashin duwatsu ko wasu mafaka cikin tsananin zafi. Suna zuwa farauta don neman abinci a lokacin hasken rana. Don waɗannan dalilai, an zaɓi manyan rassan, masu tsayi. Zaɓin wuri da matsayi don farauta, yana ƙoƙari gwargwadon iko don kusantar tushe ko akwati a nesa na aƙalla aƙalla mita uku. A cikin duhu da lokacin hutun rana, suna hawa siririn rassan bishiyoyi da daji.
Maza suna nuna damuwa ga wasu mutane waɗanda suka bayyana a yankinsu. Ilhami na ɗabi'a yana motsa su su kare da kare ƙasarsu. Hawainiyar Yemen suna neman tsoratar da abokin gabansu, suna tilasta shi ya bar yankin ƙasashen waje da son ransa. Abokan hamayya sun kumbura, suna yi wa mutum dariya, suna fadi kasa-kasa, suna bude bakinsu, suna girgiza kawunansu, suna ninkawa suna bude wutsiyoyi.
A yayin artabu, dabbobi masu rarrafe a hankali suke juya jikinsu daga gefe zuwa gefe kuma suna canza launi. Idan irin wannan yunƙurin tsoratar da abokan gaba ba tare da cin nasara ba, to lallai ne ku koma ga faɗa. A yayin artabun, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna yiwa abokin rauni da rauni. A wasu lokuta da ba safai ba, irin waɗannan rikice-rikicen na iya zama na mutuwa.
Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da maƙiyan da ke da rauni ba su da hanyar ja da baya. Daga shekara wata huɗu, maza na iya nuna zalunci ga juna. Kowane mutum na jinsin mace ya bambanta ta hanyar ƙasƙantar da kai kuma baya nuna zalunci ga abokan aikinsu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Hawainiyar Yaman Dabba
Lokacin balagar jima'i a cikin hawainiyar Yemen yana farawa daga shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu. Lokacin aure ya dogara da yanayin yanayi kuma a mafi yawan lokuta yakan faɗi ne daga watan Afrilu zuwa Satumba. Da farkon lokacin saduwa, kowane namiji yana kokarin jan hankalin matar da yake so. Don yin wannan, ya girgiza kansa, a hankali yana girgiza duk jikinsa, yana ninka kuma yana buɗe jelarsa. A wannan lokacin, maza sukan canza launi zuwa haske da wadata.
Mace, wacce ke shirye don saduwa, an lullube ta da turquoise a bayanta. Tana kiran namijin da take so da buɗe bakinta. Duk wanda ba ta so, tana tsananin koranta.
Kowane mutum na yin aure na mintina 15-30 sau da yawa a rana don kwanaki 3-5. Daga nan sai ma'aurata suka rabu, sai kuma namiji ya bar neman wata ma'aurata don kulla alakar aure. A wasu lokuta, lokacin aure yakan kai kwanaki 10-15.
Ciki na mata yana daga kwana 30 zuwa 45. A wannan lokacin, mata suna da tabo na turquoise ko rawaya a jikinsu a kan koren duhu ko baƙar fata. A ƙarshen lokacin haihuwa, mace na yin doguwar dogo, mai siffar rami wacce a ciki ta sa ƙwai dozin da yawa kuma a hankali ta rufe ƙofar kabarin. Lokacin shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 150-200.
Jima'i da ƙwanƙwasawa suka ƙyanƙyashe ya dogara da yanayin zafin yanayi. Idan zafin jiki ya kai kimanin digiri 28, to yawanci mata za su ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai, kuma idan zafin jiki ya kai digiri 30, to galibi maza za su bayyana. Ana haihuwar dukkan jarirai a lokaci guda. Tsawon jikinsu yakai santimita 5-7. Matsakaicin tsawon rai a cikin yanayin yanayi shine shekaru 4-7.
Abokan gaba na hawainiyar Yemen
Hoto: Babban hawainiya ɗan Yemen
A lokacin da suke rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi, hawainiyar Yemen suna da enemiesan tsirarun makiya. Sun zama ganima ga manya, masu ƙarfi da masu dabara.
Makiyan kadangaru:
- Macizai;
- Manyan dabbobi masu cin nama;
- Mafi girman dabbobi masu rarrafe, kadangaru;
- Masu farauta masu fuka-fukai - hankakai, mahaukata.
Abinda ke tattare da hawainiya shine cewa maimakon ɓoyewa da guduwa, a dabi'ance an bashi ikon ƙoƙarin tsoratar da abokin gaba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, lokacin da maƙiyi mai kisa ya gabato, kadangaru yakan kumbura, yayi dariya, kuma ya ci amanar kansa har ma da ƙari.
Masana ilmin namun daji suna kiran abokan hamayyar Yemen hawainiya tsutsotsi. Lokacin da wadannan suka fara a jikin kadangaru, sai su yalwata da sauri, wanda hakan yakan haifar da rauni da raguwar jiki. A wasu lokuta, yawan kwayoyin cutar suna da yawa ta yadda suke cin kadangaru a raye.
Ya kamata a sani cewa kadangaru suna da matukar damuwa ga rashin ruwa, karancin bitamin, da kuma rashin alli. Lokacin bushewa, idanun hawainiyar Yaman kullum a rufe suke da rana.
Mutum ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga raguwar adadin dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon cigaban yankuna da yawa, lalacewa da lalata mahalli na asali. Yin sare dazuzzuka da fadada ƙasar noma yana haifar da raguwar yawan wakilai na musamman na ciyawa da dabbobi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Hawainiyar Yamen mata
Duk da cewa hawainiya, kamar ba waninsa ba, sun san yadda ake ɓoyewa da ɓoyewa, ba za a iya basu tabbacin za su sami kariya daga halaka gaba ɗaya ba. A yanzu haka, ba wai kawai nau'ikan hawainiya mai dauke da kwalkwali yana cikin hadari ba, har ma da wasu kananan abubuwan. Yana da wuya a gare su su rayu a cikin yanayin yanayi. Cututtuka da yawa, lalata ƙwai da matasa, ayyukan ɗan adam, masu farauta - duk waɗannan dalilai ne na raguwar yawan jama'arsu.
Ana samun nasarar hawan hawainiya na Yemen a gida a cikin terrarium, idan har aka samar da kyakkyawan yanayi da kuma adadin abincin da ake buƙata. Wadannan nau'ikan nau'ikan kadangaru sune mafi yawan buƙatu tsakanin masu kiwo na dabbobi masu ban sha'awa.
Masana ilmin namun daji suna da'awar cewa yawancin mutanen da ake da su a yau ana ajiye su ne a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, gidajen zoo, kuma ba a cikin yanayin ɗabi'a ba. Masu binciken da karfin gwiwa sun bayyana cewa wannan jinsin bai bace gaba daya ba saboda iyawar sa da sauri don saba da sabon yanayin tsarewa, jurewa da kyau da kuma cin abincin tsirrai. Wannan yana ba su damar zama kusan ko'ina.
Yemen hawainiya kariya
Hoto: Littafin Red Chameleon na Yemen
Don dalilai na kariya, Yemen, ko hawainiya masu ɗauke da hular kwano suna cikin littafin Red Book na Duniya a matsayin jinsin da ke gab da ƙarewa. Ba waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan ne kaɗai ke cikin haɗarin bacewa ba. Duk ire-iren hawainiya an jera su a cikin Littafin Ja, kuma kusan dozin biyu daga cikinsu kuma suna da haɗarin ɓacewa gaba ɗaya a nan gaba.
Don hana wannan, an sami nasarar cin kadangaru a cikin filayen shakatawa a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. A yankin mazauninsu a cikin yanayin yanayi, haramtaccen tarko da fatauci a cikin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe a hukumance an hana su. Yayin haifuwa da kiyayewa a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi, duk yanayin da ake buƙata an halicce shi ne don dabbobi masu rarrafe - matakin haske, zafin jiki, da kuma rigakafin ƙarancin bitamin, rickets, da ƙwayar cuta mai kama da cuta.
Masana ilmin namun daji suna yin ƙoƙari sosai don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau, hanawa da magance cututtukan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Koyaya, idan bakayi la'akari da hawainiyar hawainiyar ba, waɗanda aka kiyaye su a cikin yanayin wucin gadi, yawan ƙadanganun dake rayuwa cikin dabi'a, yanayin ƙasa ba zai zama abin kulawa ba.
Ana sanin hawainiya a matsayin ɗayan haske, mafi ban al'ajabi da halittu marasa ban mamaki a doron ƙasa. Sai kawai suna da irin wannan ikon na ban mamaki don canza launi dangane da yanayin zamantakewar su, ko yanayin halayyar su. Koyaya, wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe na ban mamaki nan da nan zasu iya bacewa daga doron kasa saboda tasirin mutum da wasu dalilai.
Ranar bugawa: 06.04.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 13:43
