Musk barewa dabba ce mai ƙafafu wadda a waje take kama da barewa, amma ba kamar ta ba, ba ta da ƙaho. Amma barewar miski tana da wata hanyar kariya - hammata da ke tsirowa a saman muƙamuƙin dabbar, saboda ita wannan dabba da ba ta da lahani har ma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin vampire yana shan jinin wasu dabbobi.
Bayanin barewar miski
Musk deer tana da tsaka-tsakin wuri tsakanin barewa da barewar gaske... Wannan dabbar tana cikin dangin barewar miski, wacce jinsin zamani daya na barewar musk da yawancin dabbobin da suka mutu na saber-hakori. Daga cikin rayayyun artiodactyls, barewa su ne mafi kusancin dangi na misk barewa.
Bayyanar
Darewar Musk ba ta da tsayi fiye da mita 1 a tsayi. Tsayi a ƙeƙasasshen wanda aka lura da shi mafi girma bai wuce cm 80. Yawancin lokaci, haɓakar wannan dabbar ta fi ƙanƙanta: har zuwa cm 70 a ƙushin. Deer na Musk tana da nauyi daga kilo 11 zuwa 18. Ofaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fasalin sa shine tsayin gaban wannan dabba mai ban mamaki shine sulusi ɗaya bisa uku fiye da gaɓoɓin baya, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ƙyamar musk barewa ta fi 5 ko 10 cm sama da busasshiyar.
Kanta karami ne, mai siffa kamar alwatika a cikin profile. Ya kasance a cikin kwanyar, amma taɓarɓewa zuwa ƙarshen bakin, kuma a cikin namiji ɓangaren gaban kansa ya fi na mata na wannan nau'in girma. Kunnuwa sun fi girma kuma an saita su sama - kusan a saman kai. Tare da fasalinsu a ƙarshen, sun fi kama kunnuwan kangaroo fiye da kunnen barewa. Idanun ba su da girma sosai kuma suna fitowa, amma a lokaci guda suna bayyana, kamar a cikin sauran barewa da ire-irensu. Wakilan wannan jinsin basu da lacrimal fossa na al'ada ga sauran kayan fasaha.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Oneaya daga cikin sanannun sifofin barewar miski shine siririn, canines masu lankwasawa kaɗan a saman muƙamuƙin, wanda yake tuno da ƙananan hauren da aka samu cikin mata da maza. Sai kawai a cikin mata ƙananan canines ƙananan kuma ba za a iya gani ba, kuma a cikin maza ƙananan canines sun kai 7-9 cm a tsayi, wanda ya sa su zama babban makami, daidai dacewa duka don kariya daga masu cin nama da kuma gasa tsakanin wakilan jinsi guda.
Jawo na wannan dabba tana da kauri da tsawo, amma mai gautsi. Launi mai launin ruwan kasa ne ko na kasa-kasa. Yaran yara suna da tabo mai haske a bayansu da gefunan su. Layin gashi ya kunshi yafi na rumfa, ba a bayyana suturar da ke ƙasa. Koyaya, saboda yawan gashinta, barewar miski ba ta daskarewa koda a lokacin hunturu mafi tsananin Siberia, kuma murfin zafin gashinsa ya zama cewa dusar ƙanƙara ma ba ta narke ƙarƙashin dabbar da ke kwance a ƙasa ba. Kari kan hakan, fur din wannan dabba ba ya jika, wanda hakan ke ba shi damar zama a cikin ruwa a lokacin da yake ratsa jikin ruwa.
Jikin barewar musk, saboda ulu mai kauri, da alama ya fi ƙarfin gaske. Legafafun goshi sun miƙe da ƙarfi. Legsafafun baya muscular ne kuma masu ƙarfi. Dangane da cewa ƙafafun baya sun fi waɗanda suke gaba tsayi, suna da ƙarfi a gwiwa a gwiwoyi kuma sau da yawa dabbar tana sanya su a karkata, abin da ya sa ya zama kamar barewar miski tana motsi kamar tana tsugune. Kofato-kosai masu matsakaiciya ne kuma masu yatsa, tare da yatsun yatsu na gefe masu kyau.
Wutsiyar tana da ƙanƙancin girma cewa yana da wuya a gan ta a ƙarƙashin babban fur.
Hali, salon rayuwa
Deer Musk ya fi son yin rayuwa ta ɗaiɗaita: har ma rukunin dangi na mutane 2-4 na wannan nau'in ana iya ganin su ba safai ba... A cikin irin waɗannan rukunin, dabbobi suna yin salama, amma suna taka tsantsan har ma suna adawa da baƙon wakilan jinsinsu. Maza suna yin alama ga yankunansu, wanda, ya danganta da lokacin, ya kai kadada 10-30. Bugu da ƙari, suna yin wannan tare da taimakon musk gland na musamman waɗanda ke cikin cikin su.
A lokacin saduwar aure, galibi akan yi artabu mai tsanani tsakanin maza na barewar miski, wani lokacin yakan ƙare da mutuwar ɗayan kishiyoyin. Amma sauran lokutan, waɗannan zane-zane suna jagoranci rayuwa mai nutsuwa da nutsuwa.
Godiya ga jin sa na dabara, dabba tana jin karar fashewar rassan itace ko dusar kankara a karkashin tafin wani mai farauta ya tunkareshi, sabili da haka yana da matukar wahalar kamawa ta bazata. Sai kawai a cikin ranakun hunturu mafi tsananin zafi, lokacinda gira-gizai da dusar ƙanƙara suka fusata, kuma rassan bishiyoyi suka daskare daga sanyi a cikin gandun daji kuma rassan bishiyoyi suka karye saboda iska, barewar musk na iya jin kusantar dabba mai farauta, alal misali, kerkeci ko sandar sandar haɗi, kuma basa zama a kan lokaci ɓoye masa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mutanen wannan jinsin, wadanda ke rayuwa a yankunan tsaunuka, sun kirkiro hanyar su ta kubuta daga masu farauta: kawai suna barin kananun giragu ne da gorunan rataye a rami mara iyaka zuwa wuri mai aminci, inda suke jiran barazanar kai musu hari. Musk barewa tana kulawa da yin hakan saboda yanayin ɗabi'arta da dodgewarta, godiya ga abin da za ta iya tsallakewa a kan tsaunukan tsaunuka ta wuce tare da ƙananan matattarar masussuka waɗanda ke rataye a kan duwatsun.
Wannan dabba ce mai saurin lalacewa, mai saurin rikita hanya kuma kwatsam ya canza alkibla akan gudu. Amma ba zai iya yin aiki na dogon lokaci ba: yana saurin gajiya kuma dole ya tsaya don ɗaukar numfashinsa.
Har yaushe ne barewar musk?
A cikin mazaunin daji, barewar musk na rayuwa ne daga shekaru 4 zuwa 5. A cikin zaman talala, tsawon rayuwarsa yana ƙaruwa sau 2-3 kuma ya kai shekaru 10-14.
Jima'i dimorphism
Babban banbanci tsakanin maza da mata shine kasancewar sirrai, kanana masu tsayi, sun kai tsawon 7-9 cm. Mata ma suna da kano, amma suna da ƙanƙan da yawa kuma kusan ba a iya ganinsu, yayin da ake ganin canines ɗin na maza daga nesa. Bugu da kari, namiji yana da fadi da girma da kwarjini, ko kuma ya zama bangaren gabansa, kuma hanyoyin da ake bi na sama da baka suna da kyau fiye da na mata. Amma bambancin launin gashi ko girman dabbobi na jinsi daban-daban, ba a bayyana su sosai.
Nau'in Musk barewa
Gabaɗaya, akwai nau'ikan halittu guda bakwai a halin yanzu na musk deer genus:
- Siberiya miski barewa. Tana zaune a Siberia, da Gabas mai nisa, da Mongolia, da arewa maso yamma da arewa maso gabashin China, har ma da yankin Koriya.
- Himalayan miski barewa. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, yana zaune a yankin Himalayan.
- Baƙin miski mai ƙararrawa. Yana zaune a cikin yankunan tsakiya da kudu maso yammacin China, kudancin Tibet, da kuma a Bhutan, Nepal da arewa maso gabashin Indiya.
- Berezovsky ta barewa. Nau'o'in kiwo a tsakiyar da kudancin China da arewa maso gabashin Vietnam.
- Dawa buhuhuhu Endemic zuwa lardin Anhui na gabashin China.
- Kashmir miski barewa. Yana zaune a arewacin Indiya, Pakistan kuma mai yiwuwa a arewa maso gabashin Afghanistan.
- Black miski barewa. Tana zaune a arewacin China, Burma, da India, Bhutan da Nepal.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Mafi shahararren deer na miski na zamani, Siberian musk deer, yana zaune a cikin kewayon da yawa: a Gabashin Siberia, a gabashin Himalayas, da kuma akan Sakhalin da Koriya. A lokaci guda, ta fi son zama a cikin tsaunuka, galibi masu gurnani, dazuzzuka, inda zai yi wuya dabbobi masu farauta ko mutane su isa wurin.
Mahimmanci! Dangane da cewa barewar musk dabba ce mai jin kunya da taka tsantsan, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna a wuraren da mutane ba za su iya samunsu ba: a cikin dazuzzuka na bishiyoyi, a cikin tsaunuka masu yawa ko kuma gandun dajin daskararru, da kuma kan tsaunuka masu tsayi.
A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, tana bin kan iyakar mita 600-900 sama da matakin teku, kodayake wani lokacin tana iya hawa zuwa mita 1600 a tsaunuka. Amma a cikin Himalayas da Tibet, tana iya hawa dutsen da ke da nisan mita 3000 sama da matakin teku. Idan ya cancanta, zai iya hawa irin waɗannan tsaunukan tsaunukan, inda mutane za su iya hawa, ta amfani da kayan hawa dutse kawai.
Abincin miski
A lokacin hunturu, abincin barewar musk kusan kashi 95% na ire-iren layuka daban-daban, wanda yawanci yakan ci daga bishiyoyin da iska ta sare. A lokaci guda, tara abinci, wannan artiodactyl na iya hawa bishiyar itaciya da ke tsaye tsaye da mita 3-4 har ma da tsautsayi tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe. A lokacin dumi, “menu” na wakilan wannan jinsin ya zama daban saboda fir da allurar itacen al'ul, da kuma shuɗin shuɗi, ferns, dawakai da wasu tsire-tsire masu laima. Koyaya, dabbar na iya cin allura a kowane lokaci na shekara, gami da lokacin sanyi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Musk barewa takan yi taka-tsantsan game da lashen da ke tsirowa a yankin shafinsa: koda a lokacin da yunwa ta fi yunwa, ba ta kokarin cin su gaba daya, amma a hankali tana tattara su domin su ci gaba da girma a yankin da dabbar ta zaba.
Bugu da ƙari, zamu iya cewa allurar fir ko itacen al'ul ne suke haɓaka abincinsa, wanda ba shi da kyau a lokacin sanyi, tare da bitamin, kuma phytoncides da ke ƙunshe cikin allurar, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, suna matsayin nau'in magani da kare barewar miski daga cututtuka.
A lokaci guda, a lokacin dumi, galibi tana kokarin cin wasu abincin tsirrai domin masu lasisin su sami lokacin murmurewa kafin damuna mai zuwa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Daga Nuwamba ko Disamba, maza suna fara sanya alamar yankinsu: suna iya sanya alamomi 50 kowace rana. A wannan lokacin na shekara, sukan zama masu zafin rai musamman: suna kiyaye dukiyoyinsu da mata daga mamayar kishiyoyi. A lokacin rudani, fada na ainihi ba tare da dokoki ba sau da yawa yakan faru tsakanin maza, wanda wani lokacin har yakan kai ga mutuwa.
Gaskiya ne, da farko dabbobin suna kokarin tsoratar da juna ne kawai tare da tilasta musu komawa baya ba tare da fada ba. Lokacin da suka sadu, maza suna tafiya cikin da'ira a kusa da kishiyar a tazarar tazarar mita 5-7 daga gare shi, suna ɗaukar furcin da ke jiki da kuma haƙoran hakora masu ban sha'awa. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, ƙaramin namiji ba ya jure wannan nuna ƙarfi daga kishiya mai ƙarfi kuma ya koma baya ba tare da shiga yaƙi ba. Idan wannan bai faru ba, to fa faɗan ya fara kuma an riga an fara amfani da kofato-doko da kaifi masu kaifi.
Dabbobin sun yi wa juna ƙarfi da ƙarfi tare da ƙafafunsu na gaba a bayanta da dusar dusar kankara, yayin tsalle sama, abin da ya sa irin wannan bugu ya fi ƙarfi. Tare da haurensa, barewar miski na namiji na iya haifar da mummunan rauni ga abokin hamayyarsa, kuma, wani lokacin, hatta canines kansu ba sa jure ƙarfin bugun da fasawa. Bayan saduwa ta auku a watan Disamba ko Janairu, sai mace ta haifi ‘ya’ya daya ko biyu bayan kwanaki 185-195 na ciki.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ana haihuwar jarirai a lokacin bazara kuma, a cikin hoursan awanni kaɗan bayan haifuwar su, an bar su ga kan su. Mace tana ɗauke su daga wurin da aka haifa 'ya'yan kuma ta bar su su kaɗai.
Amma a lokaci guda, barewar miski ba ta yin nisa da yara: yana kiyaye su kuma yana ciyar da su da madara sau biyu a rana tsawon watanni 3-5. Bayan sun kai wannan shekarun, ƙananan dabbobi zasu iya rayuwa da kansu.
Amma kada kuyi tunanin cewa barewar miski uwa ce mara kyau. Duk lokacin, yayin da hera areanta ba su da ƙarfi kuma suka dogara da ita, mace tana kusa da jariran kuma tana sa ido sosai ko akwai wani mai farauta a kusa. Idan barazanar kai hari ta zama gaske, uwar bareki ta gargadi zuri'arta da alamun sauti da tsalle-tsalle na musamman cewa makiya suna nan kusa kuma ya zama dole a ɓoye.
Bugu da ƙari, mace, har ma da haɗarin ranta, tana ƙoƙari don jawo hankalin mai farautar ba ga jariran ba, amma ga kanta, kuma idan ta yi nasara, sai ta ɗauke shi daga ɗiyanta. Wadannan kayan fasaha suna isa balaga a cikin watanni 15-18, bayan haka zasu iya fara haifuwa a farkon lokacin saduwarsu.
Makiya na halitta
A cikin daji, barewar musk tana da makiya da yawa. Babban haɗari a gare ta a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya ita ce harza - mafi girma daga cikin shahidai, wacce ke da al'adar farauta a unguwannin dangi. Yayin ciyarwa, lynxes ana iya kallon barewar miski.
Mahimmanci! Babu wata dabba mai cin nama, sabanin mutanen da suka kashe barewar miski tsawon ƙarnika kuma suka kawo shi gab da halaka, da za a iya ɗaukar haɗari musamman ga kasancewar wannan nau'in.
Baya ga su, wolverines da Fox suna da haɗari ga waɗannan dabbobin. Wolves, bears, da sables suma suna farautar barewar miski, amma ba sau da yawa kuma ba a cika samun nasara ba kamar guda harza ko lynx, don haka da wuya a ɗauka cewa waɗannan mahara uku suna haifar da babbar illa ga yawan barewar miski.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Adadin dabbobin musk na yawan raguwa saboda farauta... Don haka, idan a cikin 1988 kusan mutane dubu 170 na waɗannan kere kere sun rayu a yankin ƙasarmu, to zuwa 2002 adadinsu ya ragu sau biyar. Abin farin ciki, mutane sun kama cikin lokaci kuma sun kawo wannan dabba cikin Littattafan Bayanai na Red da Rasha da na duniya. Waɗannan matakan sun riga sun ba da sakamako: a cikin 2016, yawan barewar musk a Rasha ya kai dubu 125. An ba Siberian musk deer matsayin Matsayi na Spearancin Halitta.
Shekaru aru aru, halayyar mutane game da barewar miski ba ta da tabbas. A gefe guda, ana farautar su sosai don nama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin abinci mai daɗi a wasu yankuna na mazaunin wannan jinsin kuma, ba shakka, saboda sanannen rafin musky, wanda a zamanin da aka ɗauke shi azaman magani ga cututtuka fiye da ɗari biyu, bisa ga magungunan gargajiya na gabas.
Mahimmanci! Duk sauran nau'ikan dawa na miski, wato: Himalayan misk deer, barewa mai musun ja, barezo na Berezovsky, Ankhoi musk deer, Kashmir misk deer, black misk deer, nau'ikan haɗari ne, kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun riga sun kusa halaka.
Ga wasu daga cikin kabilun Siberia da ke zaune a wannan yanki, barewar miski ita ce siffar ƙarfin duhu: ana ɗaukarsa vampire da mai haɗuwa da mugayen ruhohi, kuma haɗuwa da shi mummunan yanayi ne, wanda ke nuni da masifa da bala'i. Sauran 'yan asalin mazaunan waɗannan wuraren sun yi imanin cewa miskin barewa shine mataimaki na shaman, kuma ana ɗaukar hankalinta a matsayin mai ɗorewa mai ƙarfi. Musamman, godiya ga hakar da aka yi a Siberia, ya zama sananne cewa wakilan kabilun yankin sun rataye hammatar waɗannan dabbobin a matsayin abin layya don fatattakar mugayen ruhohi a kan kujerun yara shekaru dubu biyar da suka gabata.
Yawancin waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki an kashe su a baya don hakar gland wanda ke ba da miski, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin kayan kamshi a matsayin mai gyara ƙanshin, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa farauta da kashe waɗannan kayan fasahar sun kai matsayin da ba a taɓa gani ba. A cikin karnonin da suka gabata, mafi yawan mutane masu hankali suna ta neman hanyar samun miski ba tare da sun kashe barewar miski ba. Kuma a ƙarshe, an samo hanyar fitar da miski ba tare da jini ba, wanda dabba ba kawai ta zauna don rayuwa ba, amma kuma ba ta fuskantar wata matsala da ake gani.... Kuma don ƙara sauƙaƙa fitar da turaren wuta mai tamani, barewar miski ta fara zama cikin kamewa, wanda ba kawai yana ba da damar cika turare da kasuwar likitanci da adadin misk ɗin da ake buƙata ba, amma kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙaruwar yawan nau'in.
