Rakun mai taguwar, wanda aka fi sani da beran Amurka (Procyon lotor), dabba ce mai cin nama wacce ta fito daga jinsin Raccoon da dangin Raccoon. Dabbar tana iya bunƙasa yayin da tasirin tasirin ɗan adam ya karu, wanda aka bayyana shi a cikin noman ƙasa a hankali amma mai karko.
Bayanin dodo
Rakunan da aka yankewa girman girman kuliyoyin gida... Dabba babba tana da tsawon jiki na 45-60 cm, tare da jela tsayin da bai wuce kwata na mita ba kuma matsakaicin nauyin 5-9 kg. Gajeren yatsun hannu sun bunkasa sosai kuma yatsun kafa suna da kyau, saboda haka ratsiyoyin raccoon suna da kamanni da na dabino na mutum. Raccoon yana da ikon kamawa kuma yana riƙe abubuwa da yawa tare da ƙafafunsa na gaba, gami da wankin abinci. Jawo daga mai farautar dabbobi mai laushi ya yi kauri, launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa.
Bayyanar
Jikin katon babban dodo ya kasance mai kayatarwa, tare da gaɓoɓi da gaɓoɓi da kuma wutsiya mai laushi sosai. A kan bakin bakin wakilai na jinsi na Raccoons da dangin Raccoons akwai kamannin bakin fuska mai dauke da farin gogewa, kuma bakin tsiri ya fito daga yankin gaba zuwa hanci. Akwai wuri mai duhu tsakanin idanuwa, kuma zoben baƙi sun kewaye wutsiyar dabbar farautar. Kunnuwa suna da sifa iri iri.
Raccoons ana rarrabe shi da kafafuwa da kafafu masu ban sha'awa. Dabbar tana tafiya a kan kafafu hudu, kuma an tsara na gaba yadda dabba ba zata iya rike abubuwa ko wanke abinci ba, amma kuma a saukake ayi wanka dasu. Raccoons suna cin abinci zaune a ƙafafun kafa na baya kuma suna riƙe abinci a ƙafafunsu na gaba. Godiya ga isassun dogayen yatsu masu banƙyama, irin waɗannan dabbobi suna iya samun abinci mai sauƙi wa kansu koda a cikin ruwa mai laka.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ana iya samun ambaton farko na wadannan dabbobin masu farautar ko da a cikin Christopher Columbus, kuma tun daga wancan zamani mai nisa akwai tattaunawar masana kimiyya game da mallakar mai shayarwa ga wani nau'in.
A yayin motsi, raccoons suna dogara ne kawai akan yatsunsu, kuma girmamawa akan dukkan ƙafa yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da wannan dabba mai shayarwa ta tsaya babu motsi a wuri guda. An shirya ƙafafun raccoon a wata hanya ta musamman kuma suna da damar juya har 180game da... Godiya ga wannan fasalin cewa dabbar daji na iya hawa bishiyoyi zuwa tsayi mai ban sha'awa, kuma kuma ya san yadda ake saukowa daga tsire-tsire a juye.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Duk raccoin da aka tagule masu farauta ne, saboda haka waɗannan dabbobin daji galibi ba na dare bane. Da rana, dabba mai shayarwa ta fi son ɓoyewa a cikin rami mai kyau ko kuma a cikin kowane lahiya, kuma da fitowar magariba sai ta fita farauta. Kowane wakilin jinsi na Raccoon da dangin Raccoon suna da halin kasancewar ƙasarta, radius wanda, a ƙa'ida, bai wuce kilomita ɗaya da rabi ko biyu ba. Kusa da wannan yankin, dabbar tana samarwa da kanta wasu matsugunai na aminci lokaci daya, wadanda wasu wakilan jinsunan basu taba mamaye su ba.
Wani lokaci akan sami tsaka-tsakin mallakar duk iyakokin wakilai daban-daban, wanda kan iya haifar da wani gasa tsakanin dabbobi domin samun damar '' sarrafa '' yankin da ake takaddama a kansa. Tare da farkon lokacin hunturu, dodo mai ratsi, wanda ke zaune a yankunan arewa, yana shiga cikin halin nutsuwa na halayya, wanda shine bambanci tsakanin wannan mai farautar daga sauran membobin gidan.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Idan mafakar da aka shirya ta taguwar rako don hunturu ta yi yawa, to tare da farawar sananniyar yanayin sanyi, har zuwa manya goma zasu iya cusa cikin ta lokaci guda.
Jimlar tsawon lokacin shakatawar dodo mai ratsi ya kai watanni hudu zuwa biyar, amma barcin dabbar da kanta bai isa sosai ba, sabili da haka, duk mahimman matakai a wannan lokacin basa jinkirtawa, kuma alamun yanayin zafin jiki na jikin daidai. A wasu ranaku masu dumi, dabba mai farauta yana iya barin mafakarsa na wasu awanni domin yin ɗan gajeren tafiya. Tare da farkon lokacin hunturu, raccoons basu da aiki sosai.
Har yaushe raƙanin taguwar ke rayuwa?
A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, raƙan da aka taguwar suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi na tsawon shekaru fiye da biyar, amma a ƙarƙashin dokokin kiyaye gida, tsawon rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi a cikin fursunoni sun kai shekara ashirin.
Jima'i dimorphism
A cikin raƙuman da aka ɗauka, ba a faɗar dimorphism na jima'i, amma a wasu ƙananan ra'ayoyin har yanzu ana bayyana ta, sabili da haka, matan da suka manyanta sun fi maza girma da girma.
Nau'in raccoon taguwar
A halin yanzu, akwai rukuni ashirin da biyu na raccoon taguwar ruwa (Prosyon lotor), gami da wakilai da yawa na tsibirin. A yau ɗayan waɗannan masanan sun mutu. Mafi yawan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa sune Tresmarian raccoon da Bahamas raccoon. Tresmarias raccoon (Procyon lotor insularis). Mai farautar dabbobi tana da tsawon jiki tare da jela daga 85-90 cm.
Gashi na wakilan ƙananan ƙananan ya shuɗe kuma gajere. Yankin ciki na dabba an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa mai haske tare da kyakkyawan sutura. Wani fasali daban shine kwanyar kusurwa. Bahamian raccoon (Procyon lotor maynardi). Dabba mai shayarwa mai kamannin da ba shi da bambanci sosai daga nahiyoyin raƙuman raƙumi. Dabbar ta fi karami, wanda shine babban misali na wani nau'in dwarfism maras motsi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kyakkyawan ingantaccen Jawo da fata mai matukar girma suna bawa dabbar cikakken kariya daga cizon kwari iri-iri.
Matsakaicin tsayin jiki tare da kai ya kai 41.5-60.0 cm tare da tsawon jela bai fi cm 20.0-40.5 ba .. Babban saurayi galibi ya fi na mata girma. Launin fatar launin toka ne, tare da ɗan ƙaramin ocher a cikin wuya da gaban jiki. Wani lokaci kusan kusan baki mutane ne. A wutsiyar dabbar, akwai zobba masu launuka biyar zuwa goma.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Rakun da aka ɗauka ya kasance na rukunin ofan asalin asalin yankin Arewacin Amurka da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Daga waɗannan wurare ne aka kawo dabbar zuwa yankin Turai da wasu ƙasashen Asiya. A halin yanzu, jinsunan raccoon suna da kyau sosai a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, waɗanda Azerbaijan, Belarus, Jamus da Faransa, da Netherlands suka wakilta. A wasu yankuna na Rasha kuma abu ne mai yuwuwa don saduwa da dabbobin daji, amma galibi ana lura da dabba mai farauta a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya..
Wakilan wasu jinsunan sun gwammace su zauna kai tsaye a cikin dazuzzuka ko yankunan da aka gauraya, galibi a cikin filaye ko cikin filaye. Kusa da mazaunin, koyaushe akwai tafki, wanda zai iya zama rafi, fadama ko tabki, harma da kogi. Rakunan ɓaure da ke zaune a yankunan kudanci suna da cikakken ikon wadatar da gidajen su kai tsaye a bakin teku.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin manyan yankuna na Arewacin Amurka, yawancin manoma suna tilasta yin yaƙi na gaske tare da ɓarna, saboda dabbobin daji sukan yi ta neman ɓarna a gonaki ko gidajen kaji na sirri.
Dabba mai farautar daji kwata-kwata baya tsoron mutane, saboda haka yana iya zama koda kuwa yana da matukar tazara daga garuruwa ko ƙauyuka na ƙauyen. Hakanan, sau da yawa ana samun raƙan ratsi mai raɗaɗi a cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na gari da murabba'ai, a cikin tsire-tsire a gefen gari da cikin lambun tsirrai.
Gargle raccoon abinci
Babban binciken abin farauta a cikin raccoon da aka taguwar galibi shine cibiyoyin samo asalin ruwa. Wakilan jinsi na Raccoons da na dangin Raccoon hanyoyin kamun kifi, da kuma kayan kwalliya da kwadi, wasu nau'ikan kunkurulen cikin ruwa. Bayan saukar da ƙafa a cikin ruwa, beran da ke kusa da nan take ya fizge fizge daga cikin sa kifi ko kwado da ke iyo. Hakanan raccoons suna kaunar hamsters da ƙwailar kunkuru, berayen musk da muskrats. A yayin farauta a cikin yankunan daji, dabbar ta fi son amfani da kwari, tsutsa na kwari iri-iri, tsutsar ciki, 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace, kwayoyi da kwai tsuntsaye don abinci.
A wasu yankuna, dabbar tana da ikon yin barna, ta hanyar yin kwalliya akai-akai a wurarenda kaji a masana’antu da gidajen kaji na sirri.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ganin raƙunan raƙumi mai raɗaɗi ya haɓaka sosai, wanda ke taimaka wa irin waɗannan dabbobi masu farauta su gani ko da a cikin duhu. Sauraro a cikin irin wannan dabba ba ta ci gaba ba fiye da hangen nesa ba, wanda ke ba da damar racoɗin taguwar a matsayin kyakkyawan mai farauta.
Raccoons, kasancewar masu farautar al'ada, basa damuwa wani lokacin cin zomo, da squirrels da katantanwa. Koyaya, abincin da aka saba yi na mambobi na jinsin Raccoons da dangin Raccoon suma sun haɗa da nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace, ciki har da cherries, gooseberries da inabi, kayan lambu da hatsi, da sauran kayan lambu. A lokacin watannin bazara da kuma kaka, rakoron ya yi kokarin yin kitse mai yawa, wanda yake da matukar muhimmanci ga dabba ta samu hutu sosai a lokacin da take doguwar bacci.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A kan yankuna na arewacin, lokacin kiwo na raccoon mai taguwar ruwa ya faɗo ne daga watan Fabrairu zuwa ƙarshen Maris, kuma a yankin kudu na kewayon, irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da ƙarfin kiwo duk shekara. A wannan lokacin, maza suna saduwa da mata da yawa. Koyaya, mace baliga tana da zaɓaɓɓe ɗaya kawai, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya bar ta, ba tare da shiga wani ɓangare na aiwatar da tarbiyyar ɗiyanta ba.
Haihuwar 'ya'yan Raccoon an haife su ne a cikin kimanin makonni goma a cikin kyakkyawan rami da aka riga aka shirya... A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, daga yara ɗaya zuwa bakwai marasa haƙori da makafi yawancin yara ana haifuwarsu, an rufe su da gajeriyar gashi mai haske. Raunuka farare da baƙaƙen fata a kan kai da cikin yankin wutsiya suna bayyana ne kawai bayan kwana goma na rayuwa. Idanun jarirai suna buɗewa bayan makonni biyu ko uku.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Lokacin da aka tsare su a cikin fursuna, yana da matukar muhimmanci a tuna cewa raccoon maza na raccoon na kowane irin nau'ikan aure suna da aure fiye da daya, saboda haka suna haduwa da mata dayawa a lokaci daya, kuma mata suna cikin jinsin dabbobi masu auren mata daya, don haka suna yin aure ne kawai da namiji daya.
Mace tana ciyar da ɗiyarta da madara na tsawon watanni uku, kuma mutanen da suka kai wata biyar sun riga sun sami cikakken 'yanci. Mafi sau da yawa, duk tsaran suna zama tare da mahaifiyarsa har zuwa farkon lokacin hunturu, amma wasu samari suna iya kasancewa tare da mace har zuwa lokacin kiwo na gaba. Ya kamata a sani cewa wasu matan mata sun zama uwaye tun sun kai shekara ɗaya, kuma maza sukan fara kiwo sosai.
Makiya na halitta
Raccoons na shekaru daban-daban galibi ana yin barazanar da kerkeci da kyankyaso, beyar da lynxes, da kuma alligators da wasu masu farauta masu fuka-fukai, gami da mujiya. Individualsananan mutane galibi manyan macizai da tsuntsaye masu cin nama ke farautar su. A cikin Ciscaucasia, yawan adadin raccoons yana da tsari sosai ta hanyar jackal gama gari.
Babbar hanyar mutuwa ta biyu ga wakilan jinsi na Raccoons da dangin Raccoons wasu cutuka ne masu haɗari, haɗe da cutar kumburi da cutar daji. A yankin kudanci har ma da tsakiyar yankin Atlantic na Amurka, kusan mutane dubu da yawa ke mutuwa daga cututtuka masu haɗari ko masu haɗari kowace shekara.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Abu ne mai matukar ban sha'awa cewa a cikin yankin wasu ƙasashe abin da ake kira farautar raccoon wasanni ya shahara sosai, sabili da haka, an kashe sama da mutane miliyan biyu a cikin shekarar.
A cikin yankuna na birane, manyan karnuka ana ɗaukar su a matsayin manyan maƙiyan maƙwabtan duk raccoons. Koyaya, koda babba daya da dabba mai karfi suna iya tunkarar irin wannan makiyin, kuma manyan makaman raccoon sune hakora masu karfi da kuma manyan hanu. Duk da yawan haɗari, raccoons a halin yanzu suna sarrafawa don kula da daidaiton yawan jama'a.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Tun daga 1996, Tresmarian raccoons suna fuskantar barazanar ƙarewa, kuma a cikin daji, yawan adadin manya ya zama maras amfani. Irin wannan mai farautar shine batun farautar masu tsibirin, da kuma rashin ayyukan da aka tsara don kare wannan nau'in da ƙaramin zango, yawan Tresmarias raccoons, da alama, ba za su taɓa zama da yawa ba.
Classididdigar raƙuman Bahamian an rarraba ta azaman ta IUCN saboda ƙarancin manya. Wannan yanayin ya ci gaba saboda raguwar aiki na yau da kullun na mahalli na wakilan wakilan ƙananan, da kuma rashin ingantattun matakai da nufin kiyaye adadin.
