Taipan da ke bakin ruwa, ko Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) wakilci ne na jinsin macizai masu tsananin dafi wanda mallakar dangin asp ne. Manyan macizan Ostiraliya, waɗanda cizonsu ya zama mafi haɗari ga duk macizan zamani, kafin ƙirƙirar maganin rigakafi na musamman, sune sanadin mutuwar waɗanda aka kashe a cikin fiye da kashi 90% na al'amuran.
Bayanin taipan
Saboda tsananin saurin fushi, mafi girman girma da saurin motsi, ana daukar 'yan taipans mafi hatsari daga cikin macizai masu dafi a duniya da ke rayuwa a doron kasa. Ya kamata a lura cewa mazaunin yankin Ostiraliya ma maciji ne daga dangin maciji (Keelback ko Tropidonophis mairii), suna kama da kamannin taipan. Wannan wakilin dabbobi masu rarrafe ba da guba ba ne, amma misali ne mai rai mai kyau na kwaikwayon halitta.
Bayyanar
Matsakaicin girman wakilan manya na jinsin ya kai kimanin 1.90-1.96 m, tare da nauyin jiki a tsakanin kilogram uku... Koyaya, matsakaicin tsayin da aka yi rikodin na taipan na bakin teku ya kai mita 2.9 kuma yana da nauyin kilogram 6.5. Dangane da maganganun da yawa na mazauna yankin, yana yiwuwa a haɗu da manyan mutane a cikin yankin asalinsu, wanda tsawonsa ya wuce mita uku.
A matsayinka na doka, taipans na bakin teku suna da launi iri ɗaya. Launin fata na mai rarrafe mai rarrafe na iya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa kusan baƙi a saman. Yankin ciki na macijin galibi cream ko launin rawaya ne tare da kasancewar rawaya mai launin rawaya ko lemun tsami. A cikin watan hunturu, a matsayinka na doka, kalar irin wannan macijin a dabi'ance yana yin duhu, wanda ke taimakawa macijin wajen daukar zafi daga hasken rana.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Idan maciji mai dafi ya damu, to sai ya dago kai ya dan girgiza shi, bayan haka kuma kusan nan take zai yi saurin jefawa ga abokin karawarsa. A lokaci guda, taipan yana iya isa zuwa saurin har zuwa 3.0-3.5 m / s.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Akwai batutuwa da yawa lokacin da 'yan tapi suka zauna kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, inda suke cin abinci a kan beraye da kwaɗi, suna zama maƙwabta masu kisa ga mutane.
Babu shakka duk jifa da wannan babban, ƙarshen ƙarewar azaba tare da haifar da mummunan rauni, cizon mai dafi. Idan ba a ba da maganin a cikin awanni biyu na farko bayan cizon ba, to babu makawa mutumin zai mutu. Taipan da ke bakin ruwa tana farauta ne bayan tsananin zafin rana ya ragu.
Taipan yana rayuwa
A halin yanzu babu isassun bayanai da za su iya tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar taipan bakin teku a cikin daji. A cikin fursuna, ƙarƙashin duk dokokin kiyayewa da ciyarwa, wakilan wannan nau'in, a matsakaita, suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyar.
Jima'i dimorphism
Tunda al'aurar mazan da suka balaga suna ciki, yanke hukuncin jinsin maciji abu ne mai rikitarwa, kuma launi da girman alamu ne masu canzawa wadanda basa bada cikakkiyar garantin. Determinationudurin gani na jima'i na dabbobi masu rarrafe da yawa ya dogara ne kawai da dimorphism a cikin jinsin bambancin fasali na waje na mace da namiji.
Saboda bambance-bambancen tsarin anatomical na maza da kuma kasancewar wasu yan biyu, za'a iya daukar wutsiya mafi tsayi da kauri a tushe azaman dimorphism. Bugu da kari, matan da suka manyanta a wannan jinsin, a matsayinsu na ka’ida, sun fi maza girma sosai.
Guba na Taipan na gabar teku
Hakoran mai dafi na manya taipan suna da tsayi 1.3 cm. Magungunan dafin irin wannan macijin sunada kimanin guba mai nauyin MG 400, amma a matsakaita, adadinsa bai wuce MG 120 ba... Dafin wannan dabba mai rarrafe mafi yawanci yana da ƙarfin neurotoxic da tasirin tasirin coagulopathic. Lokacin da guba ya shiga cikin jiki, tokawar tsukewar jijiyoyin jiki na faruwa, kuma tsokoki na numfashi sun shanye kuma an sami daskarewar jini. Cizon Taipan galibi na mutuwa ne fiye da awanni goma sha biyu bayan dafin ya shiga cikin jiki.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A jihar Ostiraliya ta Queensland, inda masu ruwan tekun ke da yawa, kowane dakika daya da ya cije ya mutu daga gubar wannan maciji mai saurin tashin hankali.
A karkashin yanayin gwaji, a matsakaita, wani babban maciji yana kulawa don samun kusan 40-44 MG na guba. Irin wannan karamin maganin ya isa ya kashe mutum dari ko kuma berayen gwaji dubu 250. Matsakaicin yawan kashin dafin taipan shine LD50 0.01 mg / kg, wanda yake kusan sau 178-180 ya fi haɗarin dafin maciji rauni. Ya kamata a sani cewa dafin maciji ba shine babban makamin halittar dabbobi masu rarrafe ba, amma yana amfani da enzyme mai narkewa ne ko kuma abin da ake kira sautin da aka gyara.
Ire-iren taipan
Har zuwa kwanan nan, wasu nau'ikan jinsuna ne kawai aka danganta su ga jinsin taipan: taipan ko taipan bakin teku (Oxyuranus scutellatus), da kuma macijin (mugu) (maciji) (Oxyuranus microleridotus). Nau'i na uku, wanda ake kira inip taipan (Oxyuranus temporalis), an gano shi ne shekaru goma da suka gabata. Akwai bayanai kadan a kan wakilan wannan nau'in a yau, tun da yake an rarrafe cikin halittu masu rarrafe.
Tun daga tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata, an rarrabe wasu ƙananan raƙuman ruwa na taipan na bakin teku:
- Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus - mazaunin yankin Arewa da Arewa maso Gabashin Australiya;
- Oxyuranus scutellatus canni - yana zaune a kudu maso gabashin gabar tekun a New Guinea.
Muguwar macijiya ta fi taipan bakin teku gajarta, kuma matsakaiciyar tsaran balagagge, a ƙa'ida, bai wuce 'yan mita ba... Launin irin wannan mai rarrafe na iya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai haske. A tsakanin lokaci daga Yuni zuwa Agusta, fatar muguwar macijin ta yi duhu sosai, kuma yankin kai yana samun halayyar baƙar fata ta musamman don jinsin.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Taipan McCoy ya banbanta da taipan da ke gabar teku ta yadda ba ta da karfi, kuma duk shari'o'in cizon da aka rubuta har zuwa yau sakamakon rashin kulawa ne da wannan macijin mai dafin.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Miyacin macijin shine ainihin mazaunin ƙasar Ostiraliya, yana ba da fifiko ga tsakiyar ɓangaren babban yankin da yankunan arewa. Repananan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna sauka a busassun filaye da kuma yankunan hamada, inda suke ɓuya a cikin ɓarkewar yanayi, a cikin kurakuran ƙasa ko ƙarƙashin duwatsu, wanda hakan ya ta da wahalar ganowa.
Abincin na taipan na bakin teku
Abincin abincin taipan na bakin teku ya dogara ne da amphibians da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da nau'ikan haƙori. Taipan McCoy, wanda aka fi sani da cikin ruwa ko hamada taipan, yana cin mafi yawan ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, ba tare da amfani da 'yan amshi ba.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Matan taipan na gabar teku sun kai ga balagar jima'i lokacin da suka kai kimanin watanni bakwai, kuma mazan sun balaga a cikin kimanin watanni goma sha shida. Lokacin saduwa ba shi da ƙayyadaddun lokacin lokaci, don haka haifuwa na iya faruwa daga farkon kwanaki goma na Maris zuwa Disamba. Yawanci, babban hawan kiwo yana faruwa tsakanin Yuli zuwa Oktoba, lokacin da iklima a Ostiraliya ta fi dacewa don ɗaukar ƙwai mai guba mai guba.
Mazan da suka manyanta taipan bakin teku suna shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na al'ada mai ban sha'awa, wanda zai iya ɗaukar awanni da yawa. Irin wannan gwajin na ƙarfin namiji yana ba shi damar cin nasarar haƙƙin saduwa da mace. Yin jima'i yana faruwa ne a cikin mafakan namiji. Lokacin haifuwa yana daga kwanaki 52 zuwa 85, daga nan sai mace tayi kwai kimanin dozin biyu.
Mata ne ke ɗora ƙwai na matsakaiciyar diamita a cikin yashewar burbushin dabbobin daji masu ƙima, ko a cikin ƙasa mara ƙasa a ƙarƙashin duwatsu da kuma tushen itacen.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yin jima'i a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe yana daya daga cikin mafiya tsayi a cikin yanayin yanayi, kuma tsarin ci gaba da samun takin rai na iya daukar kwanaki goma.
A cikin irin wannan "gurbi" ƙwai na iya yin ƙarya daga watanni biyu zuwa uku, wanda kai tsaye ya dogara da alamun zafin jiki da yanayin zafi. Macizan da aka haifa suna da tsayin jiki a tsakanin santimita 60, amma a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi na waje suna girma cikin sauri, suna kai girman babba cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci.
Makiya na halitta
Duk da yawan gubarsa, taipan na iya zama wanda ke fama da dabbobi da yawa, wanda ya hada da kuraye da aka hango, kyarketai masu kusurwa da martens, weasels, da kuma wasu manya-manyan masu farauta. Wani maciji mai haɗari da ke zama kusa da gidajen ɗan adam ko kan tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire sau da yawa mutane sukan lalata shi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Tipans na bakin ruwa abubuwa ne masu rarrafe na kowa, kuma ikon saurin hayayyafa irin nasu ba ya haifar da matsala tare da kiyaye yawan jama'a a cikin daidaitattun lamura. Har zuwa yau, ana rarraba membobin jinsunan azaman astarfafa Damuwa.
