Pike kifi ne mai farauta mallakar dangin Pike, ajin kifi na Ray-finned da tsari irin na Pike. Jinsin ya yadu sosai a cikin tafkunan ruwa a kasashe da yawa.
Bayanin pike
Saboda takamaiman halayensu, pikes suna iya tsayayya da ruwan acidic sosai kuma suna jin daɗin zama a cikin tafki tare da pH na 4.75. A cikin yanayi na raguwa mai yawa a cikin abun cikin oxygen na kifi, an hana numfashi, saboda haka, pikes da ke zaune a cikin wuraren ajiyar ruwa sau da yawa yakan mutu a lokacin sanyi.
Bayyanar
Tsawon babban jirgi ya kai mita ɗaya da rabi tare da nauyi a kewayon 25-35 kg... Kifin yana da jiki mai kama da torpedo, babban kai da baki mai faɗi. Launin wakilan jinsin yana da matukar canzawa, kai tsaye ya dogara da mahalli, yanayi da matsayin ci gaban ciyawar ruwa. Pike na iya samun launin toka-mai-kalar-launin toka, mai rawaya-mai rawaya da launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka mai duhu tare da yankin duhu na baya da kasancewar manyan launin ruwan kasa ko wuraren zaitun da ratsiyoyi masu ratsa jiki a ɓangarorin. Fins din da ba a gyara ba suna da launin rawaya-launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa kuma suna da halaye masu duhu. Fins ɗin da aka haɗu sune launi orange. A cikin ruwan wasu tabkuna, akwai abin da ake kira azurfa pikes.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Pikes na mata da na mace sun bambanta a cikin siffar buɗewar urogenital. A cikin namiji, yana kama da kunkuntar kuma mai tsayi, fentin a cikin launi na mahaifar, kuma a cikin mata akwai wani yanayi mai kama da oval wanda ke zagaye da abin nadi mai ruwan hoda.
Wani fasali na pike shine kasancewar ƙaramin muƙamuƙin da ke kan kan babban elongated head. Kifin yana amfani da haƙoran ƙananan muƙamuƙi masu girman daban don kama abin da suka kama. A kan sauran kasusuwa da suke a cikin ramin baka, hakoran suna da girma a cikin girma, ana umurtar su da kaifi masu kaifi zuwa cikin maƙogwaron kuma suna nitsewa cikin ƙwayoyin mucous.
Saboda wannan fasalin tsarin hakoran, abin da aka kama yana wucewa cikin sauri da sauri, kuma yayin kokarin tserewa, sai ya tashi kuma abin dogaro ne da haƙoran haƙora. Pike yana da halin canjin hakora waɗanda ke kan ƙasan muƙamuƙi, wanda ke da farfajiya ta ciki da aka rufe da nama mai laushi tare da layuka na maye gurbin hakora. Irin waɗannan haƙoran ana rarrabe su ta hanyar mannewa a baya zuwa haƙoran aiki, saboda ƙirƙirar rukuni ɗaya ko kuma abin da ake kira "dangin hakori".
Idan hakora masu aiki sun fita aiki, to ashe wurarensu na asali ne na haƙon haƙori na kusa da na dangi ɗaya. Da farko, irin wadannan hakoran suna da taushi kuma basu da karko, amma bayan lokaci, asasansu suna girma sosai har zuwa kasushin muƙamuƙi kuma suna da ƙarfi.
Ya kamata a lura cewa haƙoran jinsunan ba sa taɓa canjawa a lokaci guda. A cikin yanayin wasu jikin ruwa, canjin hakora a cikin jirgi yana ƙaruwa ne kawai tare da farkon wani lokaci, lokacin da kifaye masu farauta suka daina farautar manyan dabbobin da suke aiki.
Hali da salon rayuwa
A cikin kowane jikin ruwa, pikes sun fi son tsummoki da tsire-tsire masu girma sosai, waɗanda ciyawar ruwa ke wakilta. A ƙa'ida, kifayen farauta kawai suna tsayawa motsi na dogon lokaci kuma suna jiran abin farautarsu. Sai kawai bayan mai farauta ya ga abin da ya dace, farauta mai sauri da sauri. Abin sha'awa ne cewa pike koyaushe yana haɗiye abin da aka kama musamman daga ɓangaren kai, koda kuwa an kama wanda aka azabtar a jikinsa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A wasu ranaku masu dumi da rana, hatta manyan pikes sun fi son fita zuwa cikin ruwa mara zurfi kuma suyi kwalliya a cikin haskoki, saboda haka galibi kuna iya ganin tarin kifaye masu ban sha'awa, wanda yake a zurfin kwata na mita kusa da gabar teku.
Ko da mafi girma a cikin girma, pikes na manya sun fi son kasancewa a cikin ruwa mara ƙarancin ruwa, sabili da haka, ana sanannun abubuwa yayin da masunta suka kama manyan samfuran a cikin ruwan ƙaramin tabki, a zurfin da bai wuce rabin mita ba. Ga mai cin ruwa, abun cikin oksijin yana da mahimmanci, sabili da haka, a cikin ƙananan matattarar ruwa, kifi na iya mutuwa a cikin dogon lokacin sanyi da sanyi. Hakanan, kifi na iya mutuwa lokacin da adadin oksijin da ke cikin yanayin ruwa ya ragu zuwa 3.0 mg / lita.
Dole ne a tuna cewa pikes koyaushe suna jiran abin farautar su ne kawai inda akwai kowane irin mafaka.... Misali, mafi girman manya, akasin ƙaramin ƙarami ko matsakaiciyar matashi, ana iya samunsu a zurfin wuri, amma mai farautar zai ci gaba da neman algae mai yawa ko itacen dituwa. Lokacin afkawa wanda aka azabtar, ana wakiltar wakilan jinsin ta layin gefe da gani.
Pikes nawa ke rayuwa
Don ƙayyade shekarun pike daidai, ana amfani da kashin baya na kifin mai farauta. Duk da cewa yawancin kifaye suna da yanayin gajeren rayuwa na kimanin shekaru biyar, shekarun masu shekaru ɗari da suka kasance daga dangin Shchukovye, ajin kifi na Ray-finned da tsari irin na Pike galibi kwata ne.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Akwai wata tatsuniya da ta nuna cewa Sarki Frederick na Jamus ne ya buga wa matashin jirgi, kuma bayan shekaru 267 masunta sun kama wannan maƙarƙashiya, yana da nauyin Kilogiram 140 da tsawon 570 cm.
Nau'in Pike
Dabbobi daban-daban guda bakwai a halin yanzu suna cikin jinsin Pike ne kawai. Duk nau'ikan pike sun banbanta da kyau a cikin mazauninsu, halayensu na bayyanar da wasu siffofin:
- Jirgin ruwa na gama gari (Esokh lucius). Wakili ne na musamman kuma mafi yawa daga jinsin halittar, wanda ke zaune a wani muhimmin bangare na ruwa mai tsafta a cikin kasashen Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia, inda yake zaune a cikin daskararrun ruwa da tsayayyun ruwa, kusa da gabar gabar ruwa;
- Ba'amurke, ko jan-finned Pike (Esokh américanus). Jinsi yana rayuwa ne kawai a gabashin Arewacin Amurka kuma wasu ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ne ke wakilta: arewacin redfin pike (Esokh américanus américanus) da kuma kudanci ko ciyawar pike (Esox americanus vermiculatus). Duk wakilan ƙananan ƙananan suna girma zuwa tsayin 30-45 cm da nauyin kilogram ɗaya, kuma sun bambanta a cikin gajeren hanci. Kudancin Pike ba shi da fika mai ruwan lemo;
- Maskinong Pike (Esokh masquinоngy). Na wasu nau'ikan halittu ne, da kuma manyan wakilai a cikin dangi. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga Indiyawan da suka shayar da irin wannan kifin "mummunan pike". Sunan na biyu na mai cin abincin ruwa - "katuwar jirgin ruwa", kifin ya samo shi saboda girmansa. Manya na iya kaiwa tsawon 180 cm da nauyi har zuwa 30-32 kg. Launi na iya zama azurfa, launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa ko kore, kuma an rufe ɓangaren gefe da tabo ko ratsi na tsaye;
- Baƙi, ko taguwar Pike (Esox nigеr). Manya na wannan nau'in suna girma zuwa tsawon 55-60 cm tare da nauyi a cikin kewayon kilogiram 1.8-2.0. A cikin bayyanar, mai farauta yayi kama da ɗan arewacin pike. Nauyin babban wakilin da aka sani da wannan nau'in ya ɗan wuce kilogram huɗu. Pike ɗin baƙar fata yana da sifa irin ta mosaic wacce take a gefuna, da kuma wata duhu mai rarrabe sama da idanuwa;
- Amur Pike (Esokh reiсherti). Duk wakilan wannan nau'ikan sun fi na pike ɗin gama gari. Manya mafi girma suna girma zuwa kusan 115 cm kuma suna da nauyin jiki na 19-20 kg. Tabbataccen sifa shine kasancewar ƙaramar ƙaramar azurfa ko sikeli-mai launin kore-zinariya. Launin Amur Pike yayi kama da kaunan sikeli na taimen, wanda hakan ya faru ne saboda kasancewar ɗumbin wurare masu launin ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan kasa warwatse a saman ilahirin jikinmu, tun daga kan kai har wutsiya.
Hakanan, nau'in Pike na Italia (Esox cisalrinus ko Esox flaviae), wanda aka fara kebe shi shekaru bakwai kawai da suka gabata kuma a baya ana dauke shi rukuni na pike na kowa, an yi karatunsa sosai. Kadan sanannun shine Aquitaine pike (Esokh aquitanicus), wanda aka fara bayanin sa shekaru huɗu da suka gabata kuma yana rayuwa cikin jikin ruwa a Faransa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ya kamata a lura cewa daidaikun mutane ba sa iya haifuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi, kuma wannan dalilin ne ya sa ba a wanzuwar populationan Adam mai zaman kansa a halin yanzu.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Mafi yawan jinsunan suna rayuwa a cikin mafi yawan jikin ruwa na Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia. Duk wakilan kudanci ko ciyawar pike (Esox americanus vermiculatus) suna zaune a cikin ruwan Mississippi, haka kuma suna cikin hanyoyin ruwa da ke kwarara zuwa Tekun Atlantika.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ana iya samun pikes a cikin ruwan da aka yanke ta wasu tekuna, gami da na Finnish, Riga da na Curonian na Tekun Baltic, da kuma Taganrog Bay na Tekun Azov.
Baƙar fata ko kuma taguwar jirgin ruwa (Esox niger) sanannen ɗan damfara ne na Arewacin Amurka wanda yake zaune a cikin ruwan tabkuna da koguna da suka ɓata daga kudancin tekun Kanada zuwa Florida da kuma ƙetaren, zuwa Manyan Tabkuna da kuma kwarin Mississippi.
Amur pike (Esokh reisherti) ɗan asalin mazaunin wuraren ajiyar ruwa ne a tsibirin Sakhalin da Kogin Amur. Jirgin Mtalyan (Esokh cisalrinus ko Esok flaviae) shine mazaunin mazaunan ruwa a arewa da tsakiyar Italiya.
Abincin Pike
Tushen abincin pike wakilai ne na nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kifin, wadanda suka hada da roach, perch da ruff, bream, bream na azurfa da gudgeon, char da minnow, da kuma gobi mai sassaka. Wannan mai cin abincin ruwa ba ya kyamar komai ko da wakilan da ke jinsinsu. A lokacin bazara ko farkon bazara, babban mahaukaci ya cinye kwadi da kwai iri iri.
Akwai sanannun lokuta lokacin da wani jirgi ya kama kuma ya jawo ƙananan duck a ƙarƙashin ruwa, ba manyan beraye da ɓeraye ba, da kuma ɓarna da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, waɗanda galibi ke iyo a ƙetaren kogi yayin lokacin ƙaura na yanayi.... Mafi girman pikes suna iya kai hari har ma da agwagwar manya, musamman a lokacin ɓarkewar tsuntsaye, lokacin da irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa iya tashi daga tafki zuwa iska. Har ila yau, ya kamata a sani cewa kifi, nauyinsa da tsayinsa shine 50-65% na nauyi da tsayin mai cin ruwa na cikin ruwa kansa, galibi yakan faɗa cikin farauta ga manya da manyan pike.
A cewar masana kimiyya da suka yi nazari game da abincin pike da kyau, abincin wannan matsakaitan mai cin ruwa yana yawan mamaye yawancin kima da nau'ikan nau'ikan kifayen, saboda haka a yanzu Pike wani bangare ne na tattalin arzikin kifi mai ma'ana. Rashin wannan kifin galibi yakan zama babban dalilin ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi da rashin iya sarrafawa a cikin adadin perch ko ƙaramar ruff.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A cikin yanayin tafkin ruwa, matan pike zasu fara haifuwa a kusan shekara ta huɗu ta rayuwa, kuma maza - na biyar. Pike ya fara haihuwa a zazzabi na 3-6 ° C, kai tsaye bayan dusar kankara ta narke, kusa da gabar teku, a zurfin 50-100 cm. A lokacin da aka fara haihuwar, kifin ya shiga cikin ruwa mara zurfi ko kuma ya fantsama sosai. A matsayinka na mai mulki, mafi ƙanƙancin mutane sun fara fita zuwa haihuwa, kuma mafi yawan wakilan jinsunan sune na ƙarshe.
A wannan lokacin, Pike ɗin ya kasance cikin rukuni-rukuni, ya ƙunshi maza uku zuwa biyar mace ɗaya. Irin wannan mace koyaushe tana iyo a gaba, kuma duk mazan suna biye da ita, amma suna baya da rabin jikinsu. Mazaje su dasa kan mace ko kuma su ajiye wani wuri sama da bayanta, saboda haka ana iya lura da ɓangaren sama na kifin ko ƙofar bayanta a saman ruwa.
Yayinda ake yin haihuwa, irin wadannan masu farautar suna gogawa a kan saiwoyin, dazuzzuka da kuma catail da ciyawa ko wasu abubuwa, kuma suna zagayawa cikin wuraren da aka haifa da ƙwai. Arshen lalatawar ya ƙare tare da fantsama da ƙarfi, yayin da irin waɗannan mata na iya tsalle daga cikin ruwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ci gaban soya yana ɗaukar makonni ɗaya ko biyu, kuma cincin soyayyar da farko an sami wakiltar ta ƙananan ɓawon burodi, daga baya ta soya sauran kifin.
Daya daga cikin matukan jirgin ruwan, gwargwadon girmansa, zai iya sanyawa daga 17 zuwa 210-215 dubu dubu manya da ƙwai masu rauni a haɗe da faɗin diamita kusan 3.0 mm. Bayan kamar 'yan kwanaki, daskararren ƙwai ya ɓace gaba ɗaya, kuma a sauƙaƙe suna narkar da tsire-tsire, saboda aiwatar da ci gaban haɓakarsu keɓaɓɓe a ƙasan tafki. Raguwar ruwa cikin sauri bayan haihuwa yana haifar da mutuwar ƙwai ƙwai, kuma wannan lamarin galibi galibi ana lura dashi a cikin tafkunan ruwa mai canza ruwa.
Makiya na halitta
Dayawa suna daukar Pike a matsayin mai zubar da jini kuma mai hadari a cikin ruwa, amma irin wannan kifin da kansu yakan zama ganima ga dabbobi kamar su otters da mikiya. A cikin Siberia, manyan masu cin abincin ruwa a cikin ruwa ba su da yawa, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar gasar da suka yi tare da taimen, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙa sauƙaƙa tare da pike mai girman irin wannan.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Saika
- Kaluga
- Sturgeon
- Beluga
A cikin tsaunukan kudu, pikes suna da wani maƙiyi mai haɗari - babban kifin kifi. Perches da rotans, ko kuma manyan masu farauta, gami da pike perch, suma abokan gaba ne na ƙarancin matashi ko matsakaici. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, Pike na daga cikin nau'ikan girmamawa, amma kyaututtuka masu yawa da yawa ga masunta, don haka kamun irin wannan kifin ya daɗe yana da girma.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A cikin tafkunan ruwa a Tsakiyar, Kudancin da Arewacin Urals, pike yana ɗaya daga cikin wakilan gama gari na ichthyofauna na gida, amma irin wannan mai farautar yana da ƙarancin abu a matsayin abin bincike na musamman. Wani lokaci da suka wuce, an sami adadi mai yawa na pike a cikin tabkunan, wanda ya ci ƙananan dangi, wanda ya ba da damar kiyaye ƙimar yawan jama'a ta yadda ya dace.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Gabaɗaya, a cikin dukkanin ruwan binciken da aka bincika, kifayen masu farauta suna taka rawar wani nau'in mai narkewar halitta kuma abu mai mahimmanci na kasuwanci.
A tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata, kamun manyan Pike ya canza tsarin tsarin halittar masu cin ruwa. Piaramin Pike yanzu yana son yawo ne kawai tun yana ƙarami, don haka yawan ƙananan kifi yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri. Wannan tsari na halitta yana haifar da raguwar alama a cikin matsakaicin girman yawan jama'a. Koyaya, halin kiyayewa na yanzu na pike shine Least Damuwa.
Darajar kasuwanci
Pike sananne ne a cikin gonakin korama na zamani. Naman wannan mai cin abincin na cikin ruwa ya ƙunshi mai da kashi 1-3%, wanda ya mai da shi ingantaccen abincin abincin.... Pike ba kawai shahararren kifi bane na kasuwanci, amma kuma ana haɓaka shi sosai ta wuraren noman kandami kuma abu ne mai mahimmanci don wasanni da kamun kifi mai son.
