Wannan kyawawan waƙar ta mazauni mazaunin nesa ne. Shudi jay yana da wayo, mai kwarjini kuma mai ban sha'awa - mai sauƙin kwaikwayon kowane sautuka, yana ɗauke hankalin sauran tsuntsaye daga abincin da aka gano.
Bayani na shuɗin shuɗi
Tsuntsayen, tare da Steller masu launin shuɗi shuɗi mai shuɗi, suna wakiltar jinsin Cyanocitta (shuɗi mai shuɗi), memba na dangin corvidae... Wani fasali na jinsin shine doguwa mai haske, shuɗi mai haske, wanda aka kira shi da tsuntsu mai shuɗi da ƙyalli, ko, la'akari da zangon, Arewacin Amurka jay.
Bayyanar
Saboda bayyananniyar jima'i, maza sun fi mata girma a al'adance, amma bambanci tsakanin jinsi bai shafi canza launi ba - saman saman na maza da mata yana sanya launin shuɗi mai haske.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Waɗanda suka riƙe jay a hannunsu suna da'awar cewa shuɗin launin shuɗi ne na gani kawai. Haske yana canzawa a cikin tsarin fuka-fukan, yana basu shudi mai haske wanda yake shuɗewa da zaran gashin tsuntsu ya faɗi.
Manyan shudayen shudayen shudi sun girma har zuwa 25-29 cm (tare da jela daidai da 11-13 cm), ba tare da miƙa sama da 70-100 g. Fuka-fukan farar shuda mai shuɗi sun kusan santimita 34-43. Creunƙarar ko dai shuɗi mai haske ne ko shuɗi-shuɗi. Gashin fuka-fukan da ke ƙarƙashin tufa an zana su baki. An zana takalmin amarya, baki da madauwari kewaye da idanu a launi ɗaya. Maƙogwaro, kunci da ƙasan jikin mutum launin toka-fari ne.
Gefen wutsiyar fari ne, tare da fararen launuka masu haske a bayyane akan fikafikan / wutsiya. Jay din Arewacin Amurka yana da wutsiya mai kalar shuɗi da gashin tsuntsayen tashi, waɗanda ke ratsawa ta baƙin ratsi mai raɗaɗi. Tsuntsun yana da idanu masu launin baki da sheƙi, ƙafafu masu duhu masu duhu da kuma baki mai ƙarfi, wanda da shi ne yake iya raba tsaba da ke tattare da harsashi mai wuya.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Mark Twain ya taɓa yin ba'a cewa ana kiran shuɗayen jays tsuntsaye ne kawai saboda suna da plumage kuma basa zuwa coci. In ba haka ba, suna kama da mutane sosai: suna kuma yaudara, rantsuwa da yaudara a kowane mataki.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Shudayen duwatsu masu launin shuɗi suna yin kwaikwayon babban kukan shaho don fatattakar masu fafatawarsa na abinci, gami da filayen daji na Florida, da masu itace, da tauraruwa, da kuma kunkuru, daga mai kiwon daji. Gaskiya ne, wannan dabarar ba ta daɗewa: bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci, maƙwabta da aka ɓatar sun dawo.
Wararrun jays suna da rayuwar zamantakewar aiki, wanda ba'a iyakance shi ga ƙungiyoyi biyu ba. Kari kan haka, tsuntsaye suna kafa kungiyoyin dangi ko kananan garken tumaki, suna tattaunawa da juna ta hanyar murya ko motsa jiki, ko kuma, da taimakon kyakkyawar dabi'arsu. Gashin fuka-fukan, wanda aka sa gaba, yayi bayani game da mamaki ko tashin hankali, game da tarin fushin - matsayinta na tsaye.
Lokacin da firgita, ,anƙun ya kumbura kamar goga na wanke-wanke... Shuɗin shuɗi shine babban onomatopoeic. Kayan wakar ta na dauke da sautuka da yawa wadanda ba a taba jin su ba a yanayi, tun daga kidan sautuka zuwa kirjin mai tsatsa.
Jay na da ikon iya busawa, da kururuwa mai firgitarwa (kwaikwayon tsuntsaye masu farauta), kwaikwayon kararrawa, kururuwa (gargadi game da hadari), haushi, haushi, ko kuma ihu. Wata jay da aka kera da sauri tana koyon kirkirar maganganun mutane. Jays ba kawai ya sanar da duk mazaunan gandun daji game da kusantar abokan gaba ba: sau da yawa tsuntsaye suna haɗuwa don kai masa hari tare da haɗin kai.
Daga Yuli zuwa Satumba, balagaggun Arewacin Amurka jays molt, tare da yara dabbobin farko molt yana faruwa a ƙarshen bazara. A lokacin narkewar, su, kamar tsuntsaye da yawa, suna shirya hanyar da ake kira anting: suna wanka a cikin tururuwa ko kayan tururuwa ƙarƙashin gashinsu. Wannan shine yadda tsuntsaye ke kawar da kwayoyin cuta. Mafi yawan shudayen shuda da ke zaune a arewacin jinsin jinsunan suna tashi zuwa hunturu a yankunan kudanci. Don zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, wanda yawanci ake yi kafin duhu, tsuntsaye suna taruwa cikin manya (har zuwa mutane dubu 3) da ƙananan (mutane 5-50).
Yaya tsawon lokacin shudin shuɗi?
Tsaran rayuwar rayuwar Jays ta Arewacin Amurka ya fara daga shekaru 10 zuwa 18.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Shudayen shudaye sun mamaye kusan rabin yankin Arewacin Amurka, suna zaune galibi yankunan gabashin Amurka da Kanada. Tsarin jay, wanda ake kira Blue Jay a cikin mahaifarsa, ya faɗaɗa zuwa Tekun Mexico. A yammacin Arewacin Amurka, mazaunin shuɗar shuɗar tana da alaƙa ta kusa da kewayon jinsin da ke da alaƙa, da Stay mai launin shuɗi mai shuɗin shuɗi.
A halin yanzu, an bayyana rabe-raben 4 na jay da aka kirkiresu, aka banbanta su, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ta wurin rarrabasu:
- Cyanocitta cristata bromia - yana zaune a Newfoundland, Arewacin Kanada, North Dakota, Missouri da Nebraska;
- Cyanocitta cristata cyanotephra - An samo shi a Nebraska, Kansas, Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma, da Texas;
- Cyanocitta cristata cristata - yana zaune a Kentucky, Virginia, Missouri, Tennessee, North Carolina, Florida, Illinois da Texas;
- Cyanocitta cristata semplei - yana zaune a yankunan arewacin Florida.
Jay din Arewacin Amurka ya fi son zama a cikin dazuzzuka na daji, galibi a cikin gauraye (itacen oak da beech), amma wani lokacin, musamman ma a yamma da kewayon, yakan sauka a cikin dazuzzuka ko kuma busassun gandun daji. Jay baya jin tsoron mutane kuma baya jinkirta gina gida gida a wuraren zama, inda akwai wuraren shakatawa da wuraren lambu. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a arewacin kewayon sun fi danginsu “na kudu” girma.
Blue jay abinci
Halin cin abinci na jay da aka kirkira yana nuna komai, da girman kai (yana ɗaukar abinci daga sauran tsuntsaye) da rashin ƙyama (yana cin mushe).
Abincin na shuɗin shuɗi ya ƙunshi duka shuka (har zuwa 78%) da abincin dabbobi (22%):
- acorns da 'ya'yan itace;
- tsaba da ‘ya’yan itace;
- beech kwayoyi;
- ciyawar ciyawa da kwari;
- beetles, gizo-gizo da centipedes;
- kajin da ƙwai tsuntsaye;
- beraye, kwadi da kadangaru.
Jays da ke zama a gida don lokacin hunturu suna adana abinci ta hanyar tura acorns / tsaba ƙarƙashin baƙi ko ganyen da suka faɗi, da binne su a ƙasa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A wani lokaci, tsuntsun na iya kawo 'ya'yan itacen ɓaure biyar a ɗakunan hunturu, uku daga ciki tana riƙewa a cikin amfanin gona, na huɗu a bakinsa, na biyar kuma a cikin baki. A lokacin faɗuwar rana, shuɗar shuɗar shuɗi tana girbe bishiyoyi har dubu 3-5.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin saduwa yana farawa da zaran ɗumi ya zo daji: a arewacin kewayon, yawanci Mayu-Yuni ne. A tsuntsayen kudanci, kiwo yakan faru sau biyu a shekara. A wannan lokacin, masu hayaniya suna ta nutsuwa don kar a bawa maigidan wurin zama. Iyaye biyu ne suka gina gida gida, suna katse sandunan da ke zuwa firam kai tsaye daga itatuwan da ke girma. Gida yawanci ana samun shi a cikin cokali mai yatsa a cikin rassan reshe na bishiyun coniferous / deciduous at a height at least 3-10 m.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Tsuntsun Nightingale
- Tsuntsun Robin ko robin
- Siskin (lat. Carduelis spinus)
- Finch (Fringílla coélebs)
Firam (har zuwa 20 cm a diamita kuma har zuwa 10 cm a tsayi) an daidaita shi tare da tushen da rassan da jays suka samo a kusa, a cikin ramuka da kusa da bishiyoyi. Tsuntsaye galibi kayan gini na "suminti" ne da ƙasa ko yumɓu, suna lika ƙasan da leken, ulu, ciyawa, ganye, takarda har ma da riguna.
Kafin a kammala ginin babban gida, an gina wasu karin jays - wannan wani bangare ne na al'adar saduwa da aure. Wani abu kuma da ya zama tilas ga neman mace ita ce ciyarwarta. Tana zaune a kan reshe, tana kwaikwayon kajin da ke jin yunwa, kuma tana karɓar abinci daga ɗa namiji da ke tashi zuwa wurinta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mace tana sanya daga ƙwai 2 zuwa 7 (rawaya-kore ko shuɗi mai launin ruwan kasa), tana saka su tsawon kwanaki 16-18. Shudi jay yana iya barin gida har abada idan mai farauta ya gano shi.
Yaran da aka haifa basu da taimako kuma makafi ne. Iyaye bawai kawai suna ciyar dasu da tsare su ba, amma har da zafi da tsaftace su. A rana ta biyar, kajin sun buɗe idanuwansu, a rana ta takwas, zoben farko ya tsinkaye.
Mahaifiyar tana tashi sama don neman abinci lokacin da zuriyar ta kasance kwanaki 8-12... Kwana daya ko uku kafin tashi daga zaman kansu, kajin sun riga sun yi tafiya tare da rassan, amma kada ka bar gida ya zarce mita 4.5. Tsintsiya takan bar gidan iyayen na tsawon kwanaki 17-21, ba su ƙaura sama da 20 ba. iyaye har zuwa kaka, a ƙarshe yanke dangantakar iyali ta hunturu.
Makiya na halitta
Babban falcons da owls sune abokan gaba na shuɗar shuɗaɗɗen duwatsu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Jays na Arewacin Amurka suna da fa'ida ta hanyar kawar da kwari na gandun daji (May beetles, weevils and caterpillars) da kuma yada iri / acorns. Amma cutarwar wadannan tsuntsayen tana da yawa - a kowace shekara suna lalata gidajen kananan tsuntsaye, suna fitar da kwayayensu suna kashe kajin.
Internationalungiyar forungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Kula da ureabi'a ta IUCN Red List ta jera shuɗin shuɗa a matsayin “jinsunan da ba su da wata damuwa” kamar yadda a yanzu ba a yi mata barazana ba.
