Alligators (Аlligator) wani jinsi ne wanda wasu jinsuna biyu na zamani suka wakilta: Ba'amurke, ko Mississippian, kifi (Аlligator mississirriensis) da kifin kifi na Sin (Аlligator sinensis), wanda ke cikin odar kada da dangin Alligator.
Bayanin kada
Dukkanin jinsunan kifayen zamani, tare da dangin su na kusa da kadoji da caimans, sun yi kama da ƙadangare masu girma a zahiri.
Bayyanar
Tsawon babbar dabba mai rarrafe mita uku ne ko fiye, kuma matsakaicin nauyin balagaggu na iya zama kilogram ɗari da yawa.... Duk da girman ban sha'awa, irin waɗannan wakilai na umarnin kada da dangin Alligator suna jin daɗi ba kawai a cikin yanayin ruwa ba, har ma da ƙasa. Wani fasali na irin wannan mai zubar da jini, wanda ke ciyar da abinci kawai na asalin asalin dabbobi, shine kusan kusan nan take ma'amala da ba kawai manyan dabbobi ba, har ma da mutane.
Fuskokin jikin kodan an lulluɓe shi da faranti masu kariya irin na ƙashi. A kan gajerun kafafu na gaba akwai yatsun kafa biyar, kuma a bayan kafafu akwai yatsun kafa hudu. Maɓuɓɓuka suna da babbar murya da ƙarfi, wanda ya ƙunshi hakora 74-84. Hakoran da suka ɓace suna iya sake haɗuwa bayan ɗan lokaci.
Launin kada baki duhu ne, amma kai tsaye ya dogara da halayen launi na mazaunin. Idan yawancin ciyayi a cikin tsari irin na algae sun kasance a cikin ruwan tafki, to dabbobi masu rarrafe suna samun ciyawar kore. Yawan adadin tannic acid halayya ne na yankuna daban-daban na fadama, saboda haka dabbar tana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske, kusan launuka mai laushi. A cikin ruwa mai laushi, alligators launin ruwan kasa ne, kusan baƙi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mafita, ba tare da la'akari da halayen jinsin su ba, kwararrun masu ninkaya ne, amma koda lokacin shiga kasa, irin wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe na iya samar da saurin gaske, suna kaiwa kilomita 15-20 a awa daya.
Wakilan umarnin kada da dangin Alligator suna da ƙananan idanu masu launin kore-rawaya tare da ɗaliban tsaye. Saboda kasancewar garkuwar kashi na kariya, idanun dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da kyallen karfe wanda yake da haske. Da farkon dare, idanun babban mutum suna sheki tare da launin ja, kuma mafi ƙanƙanta - greenish. Don hana numfashin huhu nitsewa cikin ruwa, hancin hancinsa an rufe shi da fata na musamman.
Wani muhimmin makami na kada balagagge yana wakiltar babban, sassauƙa, wutsiya mai ƙarfi sosai, wanda tsawonsa kusan ½ ne na girman jikin. Sashin jela kayan aiki ne masu amfani, makami mai ƙarfi da kuma mataimakin da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba cikin tafiya. Yana tare da wutsiya wanda kifi kifi ke samarwa da ingantattun gurbi. A lokacin hunturu, ana amfani da sashen wutsiya don adana kayan mai don hunturu.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Yawancin lokaci ana kiran 'yan kishin-kishin a matsayin mafi yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe, masu hakuri da danginsu. Koyaya, wakilai na umarnin kada da dangin Alligator suna tattare da kasancewar wani yanki na yankuna. Tare da farkon lokacin haifuwa mai aiki, irin wadannan dabbobi koyaushe suna bin karamin yankinsu, mai tsananin gaske, wanda ake kiyaye shi da karfi daga mamayar wasu mazan.
Mace da yara na alligators, ba tare da la'akari da lokacin ba, suna rayuwa daidai, ba tare da haifar da wata damuwa ga juna ba... Mafi girman ayyukanda ke bayyana daga kifi a ranakun bazara, kuma tare da farawar saurin sanyi, dabbobi masu rarrafe za su fara shirya wurare don damuna. A saboda wannan dalili, a gabar teku, dabbobi suna yagewa sosai da ramuka masu dumbin yawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A lokacin hunturu, dabbobin wannan jinsin basa ciyarwa, sabili da haka, a hankali suna cinye kitsen da aka tara a lokacin bazara a wutsiya.
Za'a iya binne masaukin kusan mita daya da rabi kuma yana da tsayin zuwa mita goma, wanda hakan zai baiwa mutane da dama damar sauka cikin rami sau ɗaya lokaci ɗaya. Wasu daga cikin dangin Alligator, tare da farkon lokacin hunturu, sun shiga cikin wani laka, kuma hancin hancin ne kawai ya rage a saman, wanda ke samar da iskar oxygen ga huhun dabbar.
Yaya tsawon lokacin da alligators ke rayuwa
Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar kada shine 30-35, amma, a cewar masana, a gaban yanayi mai kyau, dabbobi masu rarrafe na iya rayuwa fiye da haka - har zuwa rabin karni. A yawancin wuraren shakatawa na namun daji, ana yin rikodin tsawon rayuwar wakilan umarnin kada. Misali, tsawon rayuwar baƙon kifin Nile da aka ajiye a gidan ajiyar namun daji na Australiya ya kai shekara sittin da shida.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Allungiyar kifin ta Sin (Аlligator sinensis) tana zaune a gabashin yankin Asiya, da kuma kogin Yangtze da ke China. Dabbobi masu rarrafe da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi mai sanyi da yanayi mai kyau sun fi son ruwan jikinsu ne kawai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Lokacin da yankin da yake zaune ya bushe, to kiftawa da ƙwazo zuwa wani wuri, kuma wurin ninkaya na iya zama mafakar dabba.
Ba'amurke ko kuma waɗanda ake kira Mississippi mayuka suna zaune a gabashin gabashin Amurka, daga Texas zuwa North Carolina. Wani adadi mai yawa na wannan nau'in ana lura dashi a Florida da Louisiana - sama da mutane miliyan. A matsayin mazauninsu, dabbobi masu rarrafe sukan zabi ruwa mai dauke da ruwa, gami da koguna da tabkuna, kududdufai, da wuraren kiwo mai ruwa mai danshi.
Abincin kifi
Wakilai game da odar kada da dangin Alligator suna amfani da kusan kowane abincin abinci... Abincin mafi ƙarancin mutane galibi ya ƙunshi kifi da ɓawon burodi, da katantanwa da kwari iri-iri.
Yayin da suke girma, kifin Amurkawa na iya farautar manyan kifi da kunkuru, wasu ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, da dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye. Kadarorin Sinawa, waɗanda ƙanana ne a girke, suna ciyar da ƙananan dabbobi kawai. Kwarin da yake tsananin yunwa na iya amfani da gawar da yawa don abinci.
Mahimmanci! Hare-hare na kada a kan mutane ba safai ba ne. Mafi yawanci, mutum da kansa yana tsokanar irin wannan rarrafe zuwa tashin hankali na tilas, kuma yakamata a ɗauki masu ba da fata na China mafi nutsuwa dangane da mutane.
Mafarautan sun gwammace su sami abincinsu kawai da daddare. Kamar yadda yawancin kallo suka nuna, barewa da aladun daji, cougars da manatees, dawakai da shanu, da baƙar fata, na iya zama waɗanda ke fama da balagaggu da manyan kifin Mississippi. Mafi yawan lokuta, dabbobi masu rarrafe sukan hadiye abincinsu kusan nan da nan, bayan sun murkushe dabbar da karfin jazz. Wadanda aka kashe mafi yawa ana jan su a ƙarƙashin ruwa kuma an raba su ƙananan ƙananan.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Balagarin jima'i na dabbobi masu rarrafe an tantance ta da girmanta. Nau'in kifi na Amurka yana shirye don kiwo idan yakai mita 1.8 ko fiye a tsayi. Balagagge ɗan ƙasar Sin yana da ƙarami a jiki, saboda haka yana farawa kiwo a tsawon mita ɗaya ko kuma fiye da haka. Farkon lokacin saduwa ga katun a lokacin bazara yana tare da dumamar ruwa a tafkuna zuwa matakan jin daɗi. A wannan lokacin, mata sun fara gina wuraren ciyawar ciyawa, waɗanda kusan ƙwai 20-70 ne a ciki. Karkatawa a cikin gida yana kiyayewa daga mace daga hare-haren dabbobi masu farauta.
A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, ƙawancen yana kusa da burrow, don haka mace zata iya lura da yanayinta a duk tsawon lokacin shiryawar. Jarirai suna kyankyashewa da farkon kaka, kuma da zaran mace ta ji ihun 'ya'yanta, nan da nan sai ta cire saman, bayan haka sai ta dauki zuriyar ta sha ruwa.
Taimaka wa jaririn da za a haifa, mace tana matsawa a hankali a kan harsashi ko a hankali tana jujjuya kwan a saman duniya. Mata a duk lokacin hunturu na farko, mata na kasancewa tare da diyansu. Allananan alligators suna zama masu cin gashin kansu galibi lokacin da suka cika shekara ɗaya.
Makiya na halitta
Mahauta na iya zama ganima ga faranti masu panthers ko cougars, har ma da manyan beyar, waɗanda ke iya samun nasarar farauta har ma da manyan wakilai na umarnin kada. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ana ganin cin naman mutane abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin jinsunan kifi, wanda aka fi yinsa musamman a yanayin yawaitar mutane a wani yanki.
Bambanci daga kada
Mafi mahimmanci, mafi mahimmanci a cikin rarrabewar wakilan tsarin kada, bambancin tsakanin kada da kada shine hakoransu... Tare da muƙamuƙin kada, ana iya lura da babban haƙori na huɗu a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙin, yayin da a cikin dukkan nau'ikan kifi, irin waɗannan haƙoran na huɗu an rufe su ta sama. Legsafafun bayan baya na rabi suna da rabin kayan aiki tare da membran ruwa na musamman.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Babban kifi da aka yiwa rijista a hukuma shine mutum a cikin jihar Louisiana. Tsawon wannan dabbar ya kusan mita shida, kuma nauyinsa ya ɗan yi ƙasa da tan, saboda haka ya zama dole a yi amfani da ƙera don ɗaga mai rarrafe.
Babu ƙarancin alama shine bambancin siffar bakin irin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe: ainihin kadoji suna da kaifin baki mai kaifin V, yayin da a cikin alamomin yake da fasalin U da kuma mara kyau. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, babban bakin bakin yana hade da dorsal na idanuwa, kuma kadoji suna da gland na gishiri na musamman wadanda suke kan harshen dabbar. Ta irin wannan gabar, ana samun sauƙin cire gishiri daga jikin dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Kadarorin Sinawa a halin yanzu nau'ine ne mai matukar wuya, kuma a cikin yanayin yanayi ba mutane fiye da ɗari biyu na wannan nau'in ba. Don adanawa da dawo da lambobin, ana kama manya sannan kuma a sanya su cikin keɓaɓɓun wuraren kariya.
Kwarin kifi suna da matukar nasara a kiyayewa da kiwo a cikin bauta.... Zuwa yau, an ƙirƙiri yawancin gonaki waɗanda ke cikin tsunduma cikin kiwo. Mafi girma su ne gonaki a Florida da Louisiana, Thailand, Australia da China. Kwanan nan kwanan nan, irin waɗannan masana'antun da ba a saba gani ba sun bayyana a wasu yankuna na ƙasarmu.
