Bandicoots, wakilan infraslass na marsupials na Australiya, suna zaune da nau'ikan tsarin halitta: hamada da dazuzzuka masu zafi, da ciyawar tekun subalpine da bakin ruwa, wasu daga cikinsu suna rayuwa a tsawan 2000 m sama da matakin teku. Koyaya, babu yanki mai yaduwa, ko kuma yawan juzu'in halittar da ya tseratar da dabbobin daga halaka. A yau bandicoots - wanda ke da matukar damuwa zuwa Ostiraliya a lokaci guda ɗaya ne daga dabbobin da basu da kyau. Bari mu san su sosai?
Bayanin bandicoots
Maƙallan Marsupial ƙananan dabbobi ne: ya danganta da nau'in, tsayin jikin dabbar ya fara daga 17 zuwa 50 cm... Nauyin bandicoot yakai kilo 2, amma kuma akwai manyan mutane da suka kai kilo 4-5. Maza sun fi mata girma.
Bayyanar
- Dogayen, bakin bakin bakin sa yana sa bandicoot yayi kama da bera. Matsakaiciyar yanayin jiki da na bayan kafafu, wadanda suka fi na gaba karfi da tsayi, suna sanya dabbar ta zama kamar zomo.
- Idanun ba su da yawa, suna da hankali da hasken rana.
- Kunnuwa basu da gashi kuma, ya danganta da jinsin da dabbar take, zai iya zama karami kuma mai zagaye, haka kuma mai tsayi da nunawa.
- A kan gaba, yatsu na 2, 3, 4 suna da tsayi kuma an sanye su da fika, na 1 da na 5 gajere ne ba tare da farce ba.
- A jikin gabobin hannu, yatsan kafa na 1 ba su da kyau ko ba su nan, na 2 da na 3 an haɗa su, amma sun raba fika, na huɗu ƙarami ne.
- Wutsiyar siriri ce, ba ta da ƙarfi, an rufe ta da gashi, dangane da girman jikinsa gajere ne.
- Bandungiyar bandicoots mata suna da jaka wacce take buɗewa baya da ƙasa, a ciki akwai gadaje madara biyu masu nono uku zuwa biyar.
- Gwanin da tsawon ulu a cikin badgers na marsupial ya bambanta dangane da nau'in: yana iya zama mai taushi da tsayi ko wuya da gajere.
- Launin jiki yana da duhu mai launin toka ko ruwan kasa mai launin rawaya tare da yawancin launuka masu rawaya da ja, cikin yana da haske - fari, rawaya ko launin toka. Yawancin raƙuman raƙuman duhu yawanci suna gudana tare da sacrum.
A cikin 2011, Baitul na Australiya sun ba da kuɗin azurfa don tunawa da bilby mai launi - zomo bandicoot (Macrotis lagotis). Mai zane-zane E. Martin, wanda ya shirya zane na tsabar kudin, cikin ladabi da kauna ya isar da dukkan siffofin da ke rarrabe bilbies da sauran badges na marsupial: kyakkyawar fuska, dogayen kunnuwa masu ruwan hoda, siliki mai launin shuɗi mai launin toka, baƙar fari da fari. Hanyar rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi masu ban sha'awa ita ma tana da halaye irin nata: suna zurfafa zurfin ciki (har zuwa mita 1.5) da kuma faɗaɗa ramuka masu tsada, inda galibi suke rayuwa biyu-biyu ko kuma da offspringa adultan manya.
Salon rayuwa
Dukkanin 'yan bango suna da sirri, dabbobi masu hankali kuma basu da maraba, suna fita farauta cikin duhu da neman ganima galibi da taimakon ji da wari.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin daji, dabbobi suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 1.5-2, kaɗan daga cikinsu ne suka kai shekaru uku. Matasa suna da nutsuwa sosai, kuma idan aka riƙe su cikin bautar, rayuwar bandicoots zata ƙaru zuwa shekaru uku ko huɗu.
Da rana, ramin ƙasa ko rairayi mai yashi, ramuka na itace suna zama musu mafaka. Wasu nau'ikan badger na marsupial, kamar arewancin launin ruwan goro na arewa, suna gina gida-gida tare da ɗakin ciki wanda ake amfani dashi yayin haihuwa.
Rabawa
Icoungiyar Bandicoot (Peramelemorphia) ya hada da iyalai 3:
- Bandicoots mai kafafun aladu (Chaeropodidae);
- Bandicoot (Peramelidae);
- Rabbit Bandicoots (Thylacomyidae).
ZUWA iyali na Pig-ƙafa Bandicoots (Chaeropodidae) Abinda kawai ya bace yanzu shine Pig-footed-bandicoot (Chaeropus ecaudatus) na jinsin aladen kafafun alade (Chaeropus).
A CIKIN iyalin Bandicoots (Peramelidae) akwai wasu iyalai guda uku:
- Spiny bandicoots (Echymiperinae);
- Bandicoot (Peramelinae);
- Sabuwar Guinea Bandicoots (Peroryctinae)
Subfamily na Spiny Bandicoots (Echymiperinae) ya ƙunshi jinsi uku:
- Spiky bandicoots (Echymiperinae);
- Icoungiyoyin linzamin kwamfuta (Microperoryctes);
- Ceram bandicoots (Rhynchomeles).
Halin halittar 'yan bangar daji ya haɗu da nau'ikan 5 masu zuwa:
- Spiny Bandicoot (Echymipera clara);
- Bandicoot David (Echymipera davidi);
- Sharp-nuna Bandicoot (Echymipera echinista);
- Flat-spiked bandicoot (Echymipera kalubu);
- Bandicoot mai kai-mai (ja) (Echymipera rufescens).
ZUWA Halin halittar Mouse Bandicoots hada da nau'ikan:
- Harfak Bandicoot (Microperoryctes);
- Icoaddarar bandicoot (Microperoryctes longicauda);
- Mouse bandicoot (Microperoryctes murina);
- Gabas mai tsiri mai tsiri (Microperoryctes murina);
- Papuan bandicoot (Microperoryctes papuensis).
Genus na Ceram bandicoots yana da nau'i daya kawai - Ceram (Seram) bandicoot (Rhynchomeles prattorum).
Icoungiyoyin Yan Gida (Peramelinae) ya hada da nau'i biyu:
- Icoananan bandicoots (Isoodon);
- Icoungiyoyin dogon hanci (Perameles).
Jinsi na gajeren hanci (Isoodon) ya hada da nau'ikan masu zuwa:
- Zinariya (Barrow) Bandicoot (Isoodon auratus);
- Babban Bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus);
- Bandananan bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus).
ZUWA iyali mai dogon buri, ko kuma badgers na dogon lokaci (Perameles), iri hudu ne:
- Bandananan Bandicoot (Perameles bougainville);
- Hamada Bandicoot (Perameles eremiana);
- Bandicoot na Tasmania (Perameles gunnii);
- Hanyar dogon hanci (Perameles nasuta).
ZUWA subfamily New Guinea Bandicoots (Peroryctinae) jinsi daya ne kawai - New Guinea bandicoots (Peroryctes), wanda ya hada nau'ikan jinsi biyu:
- Giant Bandicoot (Peroryctes broadbenti);
- New Guinea Bandicoot (Peroryctes raffrayana).
A CIKIN iyali na rabbit bandicoots ya hada da jinsin wannan sunan (Macrotis) da jinsuna biyu:
- Rabbit bandicoot (Macrotis lagotis);
- Icoananan zomo bandicoot (Macrotis leucura), yanzu sun ɓace.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Gajeren hancin gajere da dogon hanci sun yadu ko'ina a cikin Ostiraliya, har ma da tsibirin Tasmania. Mahalli mai dadi - tsayi har zuwa 1000 m sama da matakin teku, inda suka gwammace su zauna a wuraren daji tare da ciyayi masu danshi, amma basa barin hankali da bude wurare, gefen daji, makiyaya, da kuma kusancin kauyuka.
Ana wakiltar wakilan jinsunan masu tarin yawa a Papua New Guinea kawai... Tsibirin Keram, wanda ke tsakanin tsibirin Sulawesi da New Guinea kuma wanda ya ba wa jinsin suna, shi ne kawai wurin da 'yan bangan Ceram ke rayuwa. Sun fi son ciyawar tsaunuka masu yawa don zama.
New Guinea Bandicoots suna zaune a cikin ƙaramin yanki wanda ya haɗa da tsibirin New Guinea da Yapen. Theungiyoyin da aka fi so da wannan nau'in sune gandun daji masu saurin wucewa tare da ciyawar daji da ciyawa.
Abincin maja na marsupial
Bandicoots suna da komai. Ananan, amma masu kaifi da ƙarfi, kamar na cat, canines suna ba dabbobi damar jimre wa kadangaru da ƙananan ƙira. Idan babu irin wannan ganima mai kyau, badgers na marsupial ba sa yin sakaci da katantanwa, ƙamus, tsutsotsi, tsutsar ciki, ƙwarin kwari. Ba sa ƙyamar cin 'ya'yan itace masu laushi, ƙwai tsuntsaye, saiwa da tsaba na tsirrai.
Bukatar ruwa a bandicoots kadan ne, tunda sun sami danshi da ake bukata don tafiyar da rayuwa tare da abinci.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Dabbobin suna rayuwa daban: kowannensu daban-daban a yankinsa, wanda aka yiwa alama tare da asirin da aka ɓoye daga gland a bayan kunnuwan bandicoot. Maza suna da yanki mafi girma fiye da mata. Suna haduwa ne kawai a lokutan saduwa: lokacin da suka kai wata 4, 'yan bango sun kai ga balagar jima'i, kuma "masu neman auren" suna bata lokaci mai yawa don neman abokan aure.
Ciki a cikin mace yakan ɗauki kimanin makonni biyu, a cikin shekarar da take haihuwar kusan 16a 16a 16, yayin da a cikin kwandon shara ɗaya za a iya samun daga biyu zuwa biyar. Jarirai kanana ne - tsayin ɗan maraƙin da aka haifa bai wuce cm cm 0.5. Amma, nan da nan bayan haihuwa, suna samun ƙarfin shiga jakar uwarsu kuma su sami kan nonon a kan tudu na madara.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Icoungiyoyin masu dogon hanji (Perameles) sune marsupials da aka tsara sosai: mata kawai na wannan jinsi suna da abubuwan da ke tattare da mahaifa, wanda ya yi daidai da na wurin a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa mafi girma. Sabili da haka, sa ofan bandicoots masu dogon hanci, suna karɓar abinci mai gina jiki a lokacin amfrayo, sun fi girma a lokacin haihuwa fiye da sauran marsupials masu girman irin wannan.
Lokacin da suka cika watanni 2, 'yan bango suna da karfin barin jakar, suna ba da wata sabuwar shara wacce ta riga ta bayyana a cikin mahaifiyarsu. Daga wannan lokacin zuwa gaba, an bar ƙananan ƙarni zuwa ga yadda suke so, kuma kulawar iyaye game da ita ta ƙare.
Makiya na halitta
Barazanar wanzuwar ƙungiyoyi masu ruwa da tsaki na farko shine wanda ke canzawa da lalata mahalli na dabbobi ta hanyar ba da ƙasa don gini da ƙirƙirar ƙasar noma. Gwagwarmayar da Australiya ta yi da zomayen daji, lalata wuraren kiwo mai dausayi, cikin baƙin ciki ya shafi bandan damfara, waɗanda suka zama waɗanda ke fama da ƙagaggun guba da tarko. A cikin daji, abokan gaba na marsupial badgers suna farauta - owls, Foxes, dingoes, and cats.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Saboda gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan wuraren zama na marsupial badgers suna fuskantar manyan canje-canje, yawan dabbobin yana ta raguwa a hankali. Baya ga dadaddun kafafun alade, kananan kanzon kurege da masu tarko, New Guinea da masu gajeren hancin bandicoot na gab da bacewa saboda karancin yawansu da kuma farautar da suke yi a kai a kai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An jera a cikin igiya mai ado da gashi mara nauyi na IWC. Raguwar mazaunin Ceram marsupial badgers yana barazanar ci gaba da rayuwarsu.
A yau, aikin masana kimiyya shine don rayarwa da kare zoocenosis na bandicoots... Shirin kiwo na badges marsupial a cikin fursuna yana yaduwa ta yadda za a mayar da 'ya'yan da aka kyankyasar zuwa cikin daji.
