Dutsen ungulu (Buteo rufofuscus) na dangin shaho ne, umarnin Falconiformes.
Alamomin waje na dutsen ungulu
Dutsen ungulu kusan girman 55 cm kuma yana da fikafika 127-143 cm.
Nauyin - 790 - 1370 grams. Jiki yana da danshi, ya cika, an rufe shi da fuka-fuka masu duhu-ja. Kan yana da ƙanƙan da siriri fiye da na sauran yawancin membobin jinsin Buteo. Dutsen ungulu yana da fikafikan fuka-fukai waɗanda suke fitowa sama da gajeren wutsiya lokacin da tsuntsun ke zaune. Namiji da mace suna da launi iri ɗaya, mata suna da kusan 10% girma kuma kusan 40% sun fi nauyi.
Dutsen ungulu yana da laushi mai launin baki, gami da kai da maqogwaro. Banda shi shine gindi da wutsiyar launi mai launi ja. Duk fuka-fukan baya suna da haske mai haske. Partasan maƙogwaron baƙi ne. Yad'i ja mai fadi yana haye kirji. Ciki baki ne mai fari ratsi. Akwai fuka-fukan fure a cikin dubura.
Buzzard dutsen ya nuna polymorphism a cikin launin launi. Wasu mutane suna da farar iyaka iyaka a bayanta. Sauran tsuntsayen da ke ƙasa gabaɗaya masu launin ruwan kasa ne ban da na karkashin ruwa, wanda yake da launi mara launi. Akwai buzzards na dutse tare da fuka-fukai da aka haskaka ƙasa a launin ruwan kasa, baƙi da fari. Wasu yan ungulu suna da kusan nonon fari. Wutsiya tana da duhu. Fukafukan da ke ƙasa cikakke ne-ja ko fari da lalacewa.
Launi na jikin labulen samarin tsuntsaye ya sha bamban da kalar fuka-fukan manya-manyan ungulu.
Suna da wutsiya ja, ta kasu kashi-kashi tare da kananan duhu, wanda wani lokacin yakan kasance koda bayan sun kai shekaru 3 da haihuwa. An kafa launi na ƙarshe na plumage a cikin samari tsuntsaye a cikin shekaru uku. Dutsen ungulu yana da iris mai launin ruwan kasa-ja. Kakin zuma da ƙafafun rawaya ne.
Rock Buzzard mazaunin
Rock Buzzard yana zaune ne a cikin tsaunuka ko wuraren tsaunuka a cikin busassun matattara, makiyaya, filayen noma, musamman a wuraren da akwai wajajen da ke da duwatsu don yin sheƙu. Ya fi son shafuka daga ƙauyuka da wuraren kiwo na mutane. Wurin da yake zaune ya hada da dunkulallun duwatsu masu sauki da tsaunuka masu girma.
Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna farauta musamman a cikin ciyawar mai tsayi, har ma a cikin dazuzzuka na ƙaramar hukuma wacce ke iyaka da gabar Namibiya. Dutsen ungulu ya faɗaɗa daga matakin teku zuwa mita 3500. Yana da matukar wuya a ƙasa da mita 1000.
Rock Buzzard rarraba
Dutsen ungulu wani nau'in adadi ne a Afirka ta Kudu. Wurin da yake zaune ya mamaye kusan dukkan yankin Afirka ta Kudu, ban da Limpopo da wani yanki na Mpuma Leng. Hakanan yana zaune a kudu mai nisa, Botswana da yammacin Namibia. Yana yiwuwa ta yi yawo har zuwa Zimbabwe da Mozambique. Ya bayyana a Tsakiya da Kudancin Namibia, Lesotho, Swziland, kudancin Afirka ta Kudu (Gabashin Cape). Wannan nau'ikan tsuntsayen masu cin nama ba su samar da wani yanki ba.
Abubuwan halaye na dutsen ungulu
Rock Buzzards suna rayuwa kai tsaye ko a biyu. Yayin lokacin saduwarsu, basa yin tsawan zagaye na sama. Namiji kawai yana nuna jirgin sama da ruwa da yawa tare da kafafun kafafu. Ya nufi wajen mace da babbar murya. Gudun dutsen dutsen ungulu an rarrabe shi ta hanyar daskararrun cones na fuka-fuki, wanda tsuntsu ke girgiza daga gefe zuwa gefe.
Yawancin nau'i-nau'i yankuna ne, suna jagorancin salon rayuwa kuma basa barin gidan sheƙatawa a duk shekara.
Wasu tsuntsayen suna yawo a kan dogaye masu nisa sama da kilomita 300. Duk samarin buzzards na samari suna da hannu idan aka kwatanta da manyan tsuntsaye. Wasu suna tashi zuwa arewa kuma suna shiga Zimbabwe, inda wasu lokuta suke kawance da wasu nau'in tsuntsayen masu cin nama.
Kiwo Rock Buzzard
Rock Buzzards gida daga ƙarshen hunturu zuwa farkon lokacin bazara a cikin dukkanin kewayon, kuma mafi yawanci suna farawa a farkon watan Agusta da Satumba. Tsuntsayen ganima suna gina babban gida na tsukakku, wanda galibi akan dutse ne, ba sau da yawa akan daji ko bishiya. Mizanin sa ya kai kimanin santimita 60 - 70 kuma zurfin ya kai 35. Ganye ganye ya zama layin. Gidajen an sake yin amfani dasu tsawon shekaru.
Akwai kwai 2 a cikin kama. Wasu lokuta duk kajin biyu suna rayuwa, amma galibi daya ne kawai ya rage. Mace da namiji suna shirya kama ta juyawa na kusan makonni 6, amma mace ta fi tsayi. Zzungiyar buzzards ta samari sun faɗi cikin kimanin makonni 7-8. Bayan kwana 70, sai ya bar gida, amma yana kusa da manya tsuntsaye na ɗan lokaci.
Rock Buzzard Ciyarwa
Rigunan dutsen da ke cin karensu babu babbaka (ayaba da fara), dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye masu tsaka-tsaka kamar gangas da turachi. Abin da aka fi kamewa shi ne beraye da beraye. Carrion, gami da dabbobin da aka kashe a kan hanyoyi, dodo, kurege da raguna tunkiya suma suna cikin babban abincinsa. Suna cin ragowar gawarwakin ɓera, kamar barewa da benteboks, waɗanda suka rage bayan idin manyan masu satar mutane.
Rock Buzzards farauta akai-akai daga reshe, suna neman abin farauta a cikin jirgin.
Sannan suna shirya kasa-kasa dan kwasar ganima. Tsuntsaye masu farauta daga lokaci zuwa lokaci suna zama a kan shinge, ginshiƙai, waɗanda ke kusa da hanyoyi, suna neman abincin da ya dace. Suna tsince kajin da suka fado daga gida. Amma waɗannan mafarautan ba koyaushe suke shawagi a cikin iska ba, galibi sun fi son kama kayan abincinsu a cikin motsi.
Rock Buzzard Conservation Matsayi
Yawan mutane a kudu maso gabashin Afirka ta Kudu (Transvaal) an kiyasta kusan guda 1 ko 2 a kowace muraba'in kilomita 30. An kiyasta dutsen dutsen da ke kusa da nau'i-nau'i 50,000 a cikin murabba'in kilomita 1,600,000. Koyaya, gizagizan dutse ba safai ake samun sa ba a yankuna masu ƙananan filaye da filayen shukoki.
Adadin tsuntsayen ba su kusa da bakin kofa don nau'ikan halittu masu rauni, zangon rabe-rabensa yana da yawa. Saboda wadannan dalilan, an yiwa ungulu dutsen azaman mai karancin damuwa tare da wata barazanar barazana ga lambobin ta.
