Beauceron, ko kuma Dogon makiyayi na Faransa mai laushin gashi (Berger de Beauce) kare ne mai kiwo da ke arewacin Faransa. Shine mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa daga cikin karnukan garken Faransa, bai taɓa ketarewa tare da wasu nau'in ba kuma tsarkakakke ne.
Tarihin irin
A farkon ƙarni na goma sha takwas, garken tumaki da ke yawo a filayen Faransa sun zama gama gari. Wasu makiyaya biyu na Faransa zasu iya jimrewa da garken tumaki biyu ko ɗari uku, kuma suna iya kulawa da kare garken. Arfi da juriya ya ba su damar raka garken a nisan kilomita 50-70, kuma su wuce su da rana.
A cikin 1863, an fara nuna karnukan farko a Faris, wanda ya kunshi karnukan kiwon 13, wadanda daga baya ake kira Beauceron. Kuma a wancan lokacin ana ɗaukarsu ma'aikata ne, ba masu nuna karnuka ba kuma ba su tayar da sha'awa sosai.
A karo na farko an yi amfani da sunan nau'in a cikin littafinsa game da karnukan soja ta farfesa a fannin ilimin dabbobi da likitan dabbobi Jean-Pierre Mégnin (Jean Pierre Mégnin). A lokacin, galibi ana kiran waɗannan karnukan Bas Rouge, wanda za a iya fassara shi azaman “jan safa,” don alamun tan a kan waɗanda ke gaba.
A cikin 1896, Emmanuel Boulet (manomi da makiyayi), Ernest Menaut (Ministan Aikin Gona) da Pierre Menzhin sun hallara a ƙauyen Villette. Sun kirkiro mizanin yadda ake kiwon karnukan kuma suka sanya wa gashi mai dogon gashi Bergere de la Brie (toshiyar baki) da mai santsi-haushi Berger de la Beauce (beauceron) A cikin Faransanci, Berger makiyayi ne, kalma ta biyu a cikin sunan nau'in tana nufin yankin Faransa.
Sakamakon taron shi ne ƙirƙirar Doungiyar Kare Makiyayan Makiyayan Faransa. Pierre Menzhin ya kirkiro Beauceron Dog Lovers Club - CAB (Faransa Club des Amis du Beauceron) a cikin 1911, wannan ƙungiyar ta tsunduma cikin ci gaba da haɓaka nau'in, amma a lokaci guda ta yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye halayen aiki.
Koyaya, a hankali adadin raguna ya ragu, buƙatar tuki ya ragu sosai kuma wannan ya shafi adadin makiyayan Faransa. CAB ta fara tallata irin a matsayin mai sa ido don kare iyali da gida.
Kuma tare da ɓarkewar Yaƙin Duniya na II, an sami sababbin amfani ga waɗannan karnukan. Sun isar da sakonni, sun nemi ma'adinai, masu zagon kasa. Bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, shaharar ƙirar ta ƙaru sosai kuma a yau ana amfani da ita azaman makiyayi, amma galibi a matsayin aboki, mai tsaro, a cikin aikin soja da farar hula.
A cikin 1960, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta damu game da ingancin nau'in don kare ta daga canje-canje. Arshe na ƙarshe ga ƙirar ƙirar an karɓa a cikin 2001, kuma ya zama kawai - kawai na shida a cikin shekaru ɗari da suka gabata.
Tun farkon karnin, wadannan karnukan suka bayyana a Holland, Belgium, Jamus da sauran kasashen Turai. Amma a ƙasashen ƙetare, sha'awar wannan nau'in ya yi rauni. Beungiyar Beauceron ta Amurka an kafa ta ne kawai a cikin 2003, kuma an san nau'in a cikin AKC a 2007.
Bayani
Mazajen Beauceron sun kai 60-70 cm a ƙeƙasassun kuma suna yin nauyi daga 30 zuwa 45 kilogiram, ƙujewa ba su da yawa kaɗan. Tsammani na rayuwa ya kai kimanin shekaru 11.
Launin ya ƙunshi babbar rigar sama da ta ƙasa (ƙarƙashin ƙasa). Na sama baƙar fata ne, baƙar fata da tan, harlequin (baƙar fata-mai launin toka mai launin toka, baƙi da toka-toka). Wannan mara nauyi ne, gashi mai kauri mai tsayin 3-4 cm.
A kan kai, kunnuwa, yatsun kafa, sun fi guntu. Coarƙashin gashin kansa launin toka ne, mai launin linzamin kwamfuta, gajere, mai yawa. A lokacin hunturu ya zama mai yawa, musamman idan kare yana zaune a farfajiyar.
Karnuka suna da jijiyoyin tsoka da kafaɗa mai kyau, kirji mai faɗi. Ya kamata kare ya ba da alama na ƙarfi, iko, amma ba tare da damuwa ba.
Halin halayyar jinsin shine dewclaws - ƙarin yatsun kafa akan ƙafafun, waɗanda suke da nakasa a wasu nau'ikan kuma an cire su. Kuma gwargwadon ma'aunin jinsin, domin Beauceron ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayon, dole ne ya sami raɓaɓɓiyar ƙafa biyu a ƙafafun ta na baya.
Hali
Shahararren marubucin nan na Faransa Collette, ana kiransa Beauceron da "mutanan ƙasar" saboda bayyanar su da ɗaukaka. Sun kasance masu nutsuwa da aminci tare da danginsu, amma suna lura da baƙi. Mai hankali da juriya, 'yan wasa da jaruntaka, ana amfani dasu don aiki tuƙuru kuma a shirye suke su kare iyalansu.
Warewa, mutane masu ƙarfin hali suna buƙatar horar da makiyayan Faransa. Tare da madaidaiciya, nutsuwa da buƙatar tsari, da sauri suna karɓar dukkan umarni kuma suna ƙoƙarin faranta wa mai shi rai. Gaskiyar ita ce, su shugabanni ne a ɗabi'ance kuma koyaushe suna ƙoƙari su zama na farko a cikin shirin. Kuma yayin zamantakewa, horo, kuna buƙatar mai shi ya zama mai ƙarfi, daidaito da nutsuwa.
A lokaci guda, har yanzu suna da wayo da 'yanci, ba sa yarda da zalunci da rashin adalci, musamman idan ta fito ne daga baƙi. Idan mai shi bai da kwarewa kuma ya nuna kansa ya zama mai zalunci, to irin wannan halin, ba wai kawai ba zai yi tasiri ba, zai zama da haɗari.
Ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga karnuka masu hulɗa, saboda ba su amince da baƙi ba. Gaskiya ne, wannan fasalin shima yana da kyakkyawar fa'ida - ƙwararrun masu tsaro ne. Bugu da kari, suna matukar kaunar dangin su, a shirye suke su daka tsalle a kirjin ka, suna gudu don su same ka gaba dayan su.
Suna son yara kuma suna hulɗa da su sosai, amma girma da ƙarfi na iya yin lalata da ƙananan yara. Zai fi kyau a gabatar da su ga juna da wuri-wuri, don kare ya fahimci yaro, kuma yaro ya fahimci cewa ana bukatar a yi wasa da kare a hankali.
Koyaya, kowane kare daban yake, yayin siyan auan kwikwiyo Beauceron, tabbatar cewa iyayensa sun dace da yara. Kuma kada ku bar kananan yara ku kadai tare da kareku, komai kyawon da ta yi musu.
Suna iya zama masu zafin rai ga wasu karnuka da dabbobi, amma yawanci suna tare da waɗanda suka girma tare.
Tunaninsu yana gaya musu su mallaki wasu dabbobi da mutane ta hanyar tsunkulewa, ku tuna cewa wannan kare kare ne.
Sun kama kuma suna cizon tumakin da sauƙi don su mallake su. Wannan halin ba shi da kyau a cikin gida, kuma don kawar da shi yana da kyau a ɗauki kwasa-kwasan horo na horo na gaba (biyayya).
Wani fasalin karnukan kiwo shine buƙatar yawan damuwa na jiki da tunani. Beauceron yayi aiki sosai don zama a cikin gida ko paddock, suna buƙatar gida mai zaman kansa tare da babban yadi inda zasu iya wasa, gudu da tsaro.
Strengtharfin su da jimiri yana buƙatar ɗimbin nauyi fiye da yin yawo a yankin na rabin awa. Kuma idan basu sami mafita ba, to wannan yana shafar halayen kare, ya zama mai jin haushi ko gundura kuma ya zama mai halakarwa.
Kulawa
Gashi mai yalwa, gashi mai hana ruwa na Beauceron baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman kuma yana kiyaye su koda cikin tsananin sanyi. Ya isa a tsefe shi sau ɗaya a mako, banda lokacin zubarwa, lokacin da ake buƙatar cire mataccen gashin yau da kullun.
