Tururuwa kwari ne. Ant salon da mazaunin

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Fasalin fasali da mazauninsu

Tururuwa na daga cikin kwari da suka fi yaduwa ga mutane, ana iya samunsu a cikin daji, a gida da kuma kan titi. Suna cikin dangin Hymenoptera, suna da ban sha'awa kuma suna da ban sha'awa sosai. Kwari suna gina gidaje, wadanda akasari ake kira anthills.

Jikin tsohuwar tururuwa ja ja a fili ya kasu kashi uku, daga inda babban kai yake fitowa. Manyan idanu suna da rikitarwa. Ban da su, kwaron na da karin idanu guda uku, wadanda aka tsara su don tantance matakin haske.

Eriya suna da gaɓa mai saurin taɓawa, wanda ke hango maɗaukakiyar girgizar ƙasa, zazzabi da kuma yanayin yadda iska ke gudana, kuma suna da ikon yin binciken sinadarai akan abubuwa. Babban muƙamuƙin ya haɓaka sosai, yayin da ƙananan muƙamuƙin ke taimakawa a aikin gini da jigilar abinci.

Theafafun suna da farce wanda ke bawa tururuwa damar hawa a tsaye zuwa sama. Ma'aikatan tururuwa mata ne da ba su ci gaba ba kuma ba su da fuka-fukai, ba kamar maza da sarauniya ba, wanda daga baya ya watsar da su. Ana sanya harba a cikin ciki na tururuwa, wanda ake amfani dashi don abinci da kariya.

A lokacin cizon kwari tururuwa ana fitar da acid, wanda yake na nau'in guba ne. A cikin ƙananan yawa, abu ba mai haɗari ba ne ga jikin mutum, amma ana iya lura da al'amuran mai raɗaɗi: jan fata, kumburi, ƙaiƙayi. Wasps - kwari kamar tururuwa ta yadda masana kimiyya da yawa sukan ɗauka cewa su dangi ne na kusa.

Dabbobi kwari tururuwa akwai kusan miliyan a duniya, wanda shine kusan rabin dukkan rayayyun halittu a duniya. Sun zauna a duk duniya kuma an same su har a Antarctica.

Kwayoyin tururuwa suna da girma iri daban-daban (daga milimita daya zuwa hamsin); launuka: ja, baƙi, mai sheki, matte, ƙasa da kore. Kowane nau'in tururuwa ya banbanta da kamanni, halayya, da kuma wata hanyar rayuwa.

Fiye da ɗari na jinsunan tururuwa sun zauna a yankin ƙasarmu. Baya ga gandun daji, wadanda suka fi shahara a cikinsu su ne tururuwa, fir'auna, ciyawa, masu yanka ganye da tururuwa gida.

Ja ko tururuwa wuta nau'ikan haɗari ne. Manya sun kai girman milimita huɗu a girma, tare da eriya masu tiran hannu a ka, kuma suna da dafi mai dafi.

Akwai yawo iri kwari tururuwa, fuka-fuki wanda, ba kamar nau'ikan da aka saba ba, halayyar halayyar dukkan wakilai ne, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba.

Yanayi da salon rayuwar tururuwa

Kwarin tururuwa rayuwa yana tasiri sosai akan halittun rayuwa saboda yalwar su. Sun banbanta da nau'in abincinsu, salon rayuwarsu da tasirinsu akan kwayoyin, shuke-shuke da dabbobi.

Tare da mahimmancin ayyukansu, gini da sake fasalta wuraren tururuwa, suna kwance ƙasa kuma suna taimakawa shuke-shuke, suna ciyar da asalinsu da danshi da iska. A cikin gidajen su, an samarda kyawawan halaye don ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke wadatar da ƙasa da abubuwa masu amfani da microelements.

Fitsarin tururuwa ya zama taki. Dabbobi daban-daban suna girma cikin sauri a kusa da gidajensu. Kwarin kwari daji inganta ci gaban itacen oak, pines da sauran bishiyoyi.

Tururuwa kwari ne masu aiki kuma suna da inganci sosai. Zasu iya ɗaga kayan da nauyinsu ya ninka sau ashirin nasu kuma suyi tafiya mai nisa. Tururuwa jama'a kwari.

Wannan yana nufin cewa tsarin zamantakewar su yayi kama da na mutum. An rarrabe tururuwa masu zafi daga ƙauyuka iri-iri na musamman. Suna da sarauniya, sojoji, ma'aikata da bayi.

Tururuwa da sauran kwari, kamar wasps da ƙudan zuma, ba sa iya rayuwa ba tare da jama'arsu ba, kuma dabam da nasu suna mutuwa. Tururuwa wata kwayar halitta ce guda ɗaya, kowane ɗayansu wanda ba zai iya wanzuwa ba tare da sauran ba. Kowane rukuni na wannan matsayi yana yin takamaiman aiki.

Wani sinadari da tururuwa suka ɓoye shi ake kira "formic alcohol" a matsayin wani ɓangare na magunguna don cututtuka da yawa. Daga cikinsu akwai cutar asma, ciwan suga, tarin fuka, tarin fuka da sauransu. Ana kuma amfani dashi don hana zubewar gashi.

Tururuwa ciyar

Tururuwa suna buƙatar wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, masu farauta ne kuma suna lalata kwari masu shuka. Manya suna cinye abinci mai tsire-tsire: tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, 'ya'yansu da tsire-tsire, namomin kaza, kayan lambu,' ya'yan itatuwa, kayan zaki.

Ana ba larvae din da abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ya hada da kwari da masu juyawa: tsutsotsi mealy, cicadas, aphids, sikelin kwari da sauransu. A saboda wannan, tururuwa masu aiki suna ɗaukar mutanen da suka mutu kuma suna afkawa rayayyu.

Gidajen mutane a wasu lokuta wurare ne masu kyau don aikin haɗari na tururuwa fir'auna. Akwai dumi da abinci da yawa, a cikin binciken kwarin da basu da gajiya da iyawa, shawo kan duk wata matsala.

Neman tushen wutar lantarki, sai suka samar da wata babbar hanya zuwa gareta, wanda suke tafiya da yawa. Sau da yawa cutar da tururuwa shafi gidajen mutane, lambuna da lambunan kayan lambu.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na tururuwa

Wataƙila akwai sarauniya ɗaya ko fiye a cikin gidan waɗannan kwari. Jirgin jigilar su yana faruwa sau ɗaya kawai, yayin da wadataccen ruwan maniyyi ya isa har tsawon rayuwarsu. Bayan al'ada, mace, zubar da fukafukanta, ta zama sarauniya. Bayan haka, mahaifa na neman wurin da ya dace don kwanciya ƙwarjin.

A cikin tururuwa da gandun daji, suna da girman gaske, suna da launi mai laushi mai launin madara tare da harsashi mai haske da fasali mai tsayi. Daga kwayayen da sarauniya ta hada, mata na kyankyashe, daga wasu, ana samun maza wadanda ke rayuwa yan makonni kadan kafin su hadu.

Tsuntsayen tururuwa suna wucewa ta matakai huɗu na ci gaba kuma suna kama da tsutsotsi, kusan basa motsi kuma tururuwa masu aiki ke ciyar dasu. Bayan haka, suna samar da raƙuman rawaya ko fararen kwari waɗanda ke da siffar ƙwai.

Wanne rukunin mutum ne yake fitowa daga cikinsu ya dogara ne kacokan kan ciyarwa. Samuwar hanyoyin kiwo na tururuwa da wasu nau'ikan halittu masu birgewa ne, misali, mata na iya bayyana ta hanyar haihuwar mara aure.

Tsawon rayuwar tururuwa ma'aikacin ya kai shekaru uku. Tsawan rayuwar sarauniya, ta mahangar kwari, na da girma, wani lokacin yakan kai shekaru ashirin. Tururuwa masu zafi suna aiki duk shekara, amma mutanen da ke zaune a yankuna masu tsananin sanyi basa bacci lokacin sanyi. Mafi yawan lokuta, larvae kan shiga diapause, kuma manya suna rage ayyukansu.

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