Kimanin shekaru miliyan 25 da suka gabata, an buɗe fasa a nahiyar Eurasia kuma Tafkin Baikal an haife shi, yanzu mafi zurfin kuma mafi tsufa a duniya. Tabkin yana kusa da garin Irkutsk na Rasha, daya daga cikin manyan biranen Siberia, inda kusan rabin miliyan ke zaune.
A halin yanzu, Tafkin Baikal wani tafki ne na halitta kuma Wurin Tarihi na UNESCO. Tana dauke da kusan kashi 20% na ruwa mara kyau a duniya.
A biocenosis na lake ne na musamman. Ba za ku sami yawancin wakilan ko'ina ba.
Kuma yanzu a cikin kafofin watsa labarai akwai bayanan kula da cewa bala'i ya rataye a kan tafkin, a cikin wani nau'in algae mai haɗari Spirogyra, wanda ya mamaye fiye da rabin yankin. Lambobin suna da ban mamaki! Amma shin? Mun yanke shawarar yin ɗan bincike.
An kafa hujjoji da ƙarshe a ƙasa
- Tun daga 2007, masana kimiyya suka fara gudanar da bincike kan rarraba Spirogyra a Tafkin Baikal.
- Labarin da ake yiwa Baikal da barazanar bala'i ya bayyana a tsakanin 1-2 sau sau a shekara, farawa a cikin 2008.
- A shekara ta 2010, masana muhalli sun kararra kararrawa suna gargadin jama'a cewa sake bude injin nika a kusa da tabkin babu makawa zai haifar da mummunan sakamako sakamakon sanadin fosfat da hayakin nitrogen.
- Tun daga shekara ta 2012, nazari ya bayyana a kan canje-canje a wasu yankuna na tafkin ƙasan filamentous algae. Bugu da ƙari, kashi ya koma zuwa Spirogyra.
- A cikin 2013, saboda rashin riba, an rufe masana'antar litattafan almara, amma wannan bai magance matsalar yanayin halittar tafkin ba.
- A cikin 2016, masana kimiyya sun gano nau'in 516 na Spirogyra a tafkin Baikal.
- A cikin wannan shekarar, kafofin watsa labaru sun ba da rahoto game da gurɓataccen tafkin da najasa da ƙaruwar yawan algae mai guba.
- A cikin 2017 da 2018, labarai game da yaduwar bala'i na Spirogyra ya ci gaba.
Yanzu game da komai cikin tsari. Masana’antar cellulose, wanda, a cewar jama’a, ta ba da gudummawa mafi girma ga gurbacewar tafkin Baikal, tana aiki cikin nasara tun a tsakiyar shekarun 1960. Adadin barnar da ya samu damar jefawa a cikin ruwan tafkin a wannan lokacin yana da wahalar gaske kuma ba a kirga shi. A cikin kalma, da yawa. Matsalar ruwan sharar ruwa, wanda ke cike da kanun labarai, ya wanzu har tsawon shekaru, amma irin wannan yanayin bai taso ba. Wani batun da kafofin watsa labarai ke da laifi a kansa shi ne ɓarna da jirgi ke jefawa. Da kuma tambayar - kuma kafin su binne su a cikin ƙasa? Hakanan babu. Don haka, tambayar ba wannan ba ce, amma tarin guba ko wasu dalilai?
Bayan sun samo Spirogyra a cikin zurfin sanyi na tafkin, masanan kimiyyar muhalli sun yanke hukuncin dumi a matsayin wani abin da ke haifar da ci gaban wannan nau'in.
Masana kimiyya na Cibiyar Limnological Institute sun tabbatar da cewa yawan algae ana samun sa ne kawai a wuraren ƙazamar anthropogenic mai ƙarfi, yayin da a cikin ruwa mai tsabta ba a kiyaye shi.
Bari mu dubi wani lamarin - ragin ruwa
Dangane da binciken da aka faro tun ƙarni na 19, jimillar kusan manyan koguna 330 da ƙananan rafuka sun kwarara zuwa Baikal. Babban kogin shine Kogin Selenga. Babban fitowar sa shine Angara. Zuwa yau, yawan hanyoyin ruwa, bisa ga bayanan farko, ya ragu da kusan 50%. Idan ka kara anan shine yanayin danshin ruwa na ruwa a karkashin tasirin yanayin zafi mai yawa, zaka samu raguwar shekara a matakin ruwan a tafkin.
A sakamakon haka, wata dabara mai sauki ta bayyana, wanda ke nuni da cewa karuwar shigar magudanan ruwa da raguwar yawan ruwa mai tsafta yana haifar da kamuwa da cuta mai girma ta Lake Baikal tare da spirogyra, wanda a karan kansa allurai al'ada ce, kuma a cikin babban matsayi yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin tafkin biocenosis.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da cewa algae filamentous kansu ba sa haifar da wata matsala ga mahalli. Girman ruɓaɓɓen gungu-gungu, wanda ke yaɗa guba wanda ke haifar da rushewar muhalli, bala'i ne.
Dangane da sakamakon bincikenmu, mun kai ga ƙarshe cewa matsalar sifa mai guba ga Tafkin Baikal ba sabuwa ba ce, amma ana watsi da ita. A yau, al'ummomin duniya suna mai da hankali kan kiyaye wannan tafki na musamman, da hana gina sabbin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki, da kuma dagewa kan gina wuraren kula da ruwa. Abin takaici, yawancin ayyukan suna kasancewa azaman buga takardu a cikin amintattu, kuma ba azaman ayyuka na zahiri ba. Ina fatan cewa labarinmu zai iya shafar halin da ake ciki yanzu kuma zai taimaka wa masu gwagwarmaya da ayyukansu don tsayayya da rashin aikin jami'an da ba ruwansu.
