Rook (Corvus frugilegus) tsuntsaye ne mai yaduwa a Eurasia. Wakilan wannan jinsin suna daga tsari irin na gwarare, dangin Vranovye da jinsi na Crow.
Bayanin Rook
Tsawon tsuntsu mai girma ya bambanta tsakanin 45-47 cm... Matsakaicin tsayin fikafikan ya kai kimanin 28-34 cm, kuma bakin da ya fi kauri ya kai cm 5.4-6.3. Duk wakilai na dangin Corvaceae da na ƙirar Crows suna da gashin fuka-fuka masu baƙar fata tare da kyawawan launuka masu launin shuɗi. Babban fasalin tsuntsayen da suka manyanta sune gindin ɗan bakin. Yaran rook suna da gashin tsuntsu a gindin murhu, amma yayin da suka girma, sai ya ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Bayyanar
Nauyin babban tsuntsun manya zai iya kaiwa 600-700 g. Babban jigon rook baƙar fata ne ba launi, ba tare da dull ba, amma tare da kasancewar ƙarfe mai haske. Kusan dukkanin gashin tsuntsaye a jikin rook suna da tauri tare da kusan rashin cikakkiyar mura. Abubuwan da ake kira "gajeren wando" kawai a ƙafafu suna da wani adadin ƙasa. Irin wannan murfin ne yake sauƙaƙa shi don rarrabe rook daga hankaka da jackdaws, waɗanda ƙafafunsu ba su tsirara.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ba kamar hankaka ba, wanda dukkanin rokoki suke da kamanni na waje masu girma, wakilan wannan nau'in suna da yanki mai yawa na fata ko kuma abin da ake kira ci gaban shuɗi a kusa da baki.
Fuka-fukan jirgin dukkan wakilan Passeriformes oda da dangin Corvia suna da matukar wahala kuma suna da karfi sosai, suna da tashoshi na ciki mai raɗaɗi wanda yake kusan zuwa ƙarshen. Fuka-fukan Rook suna da irin wannan tsari na ban mamaki tsawon ɗaruruwan shekaru, saboda godiya da aka yi amfani da su azaman kayan aiki mai sauƙi da araha. An yanka tip ɗin irin wannan alkalami a hankali, sannan a tsoma shi cikin kwalbar tawada.
Molting na bangare tare da asarar kananan fuka-fukai a cikin yara kanana yana faruwa daga Yuli zuwa Satumba, wanda ke tare da kaurin fata da kuma rage fatar papillae mai zuwa. Rashin gashin fuka yana ci gaba tare da tsufa a cikin rooks, kuma yawan mutanen da suka balaga yana faruwa a cikin cikakken zagayowar shekara-shekara.
Hali da salon rayuwa
A yankin Yammacin Turai, rooks galibi suna zaune, kuma wani lokacin ma tsuntsayen ƙaura. A cikin arewacin yankin kewayon rarrabawa, rooks suna cikin rukunin gida na tsuntsaye masu ƙaura, kuma a cikin tsaunukan kudu galibi tsuntsaye ne marasa nutsuwa. Dukkanin wakilan jinsin suna da alamun rashin nutsuwa da kuma tsuntsaye masu hayaniya, motsi na yankuna wanda kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam yana haifar da matsala mai yawa, wanda kusan ci gaba da kwanciya da amo ke bayani akai.
Yayin gwaje-gwajen kimiyya da kwararru a Jami'ar Cambridge da ke Ingila suka yi, an tabbatar da cewa rook ya kware sosai wajen kirkira ko amfani da mafi sauki kayan aiki tare da bakinsa, kuma ba shi da kasa a cikin irin wadannan ayyukan ga chimpanzees, wanda ke amfani da gabobi masu kyau don wadannan dalilai. Rooks tsuntsayen gama kai ne waɗanda ba su taɓa rayuwa biyu-biyu ko su kaɗai ba, amma dole ne su haɗu a cikin manyan yankuna.
Yaya rook da yawa ke rayuwa
Kamar yadda masana kimiyya na kasashen waje da na cikin gida suka samu nasarar ganowa, wakilan umarnin Passeriformes da dangin Corvid suna da karfin rayuwa har zuwa shekaru ashirin, amma wasu masu binciken suna jayayya cewa ana iya samun samfuran jinsunan da suka haura rabin karni.
A zahiri, yawancin tsuntsayen wannan nau'in sukan mutu daga cututtukan ciki da hanji, kafin su kai shekaru uku ma. Sabili da haka, kamar yadda al'amuran yau da kullun suka nuna, a cikin yanayin yanayi, ƙarancin rayuwar rook ba zai wuce misali shekaru biyar zuwa shida ba..
Wurin zama, mazauni
A yankin Turai, yankin raƙuman yana wakiltar Ireland, Scotland da Ingila, Orkney da Hebrides, da Romania. A cikin ƙasashen Scandinavia, wakilan manyan jinsuna sukan yi kiwo a mafi yawan lokuta a kasashen Norway da Sweden. Yawancin mutane da yawa suna zaune a ƙasashen Japan da Koriya, Manchuria, yamma da arewacin China, da arewacin Mongolia.
A lokacin hunturu, tsuntsayen wannan nau'ikan sun zama gama gari a kasashen da ke kusa da Bahar Rum ko kuma a Algeria, a arewacin Misira, a tsibirin Sinai, a Asiya orarama da Falasdinu, a cikin Kirimiya da Transcaucasia, kuma wani lokacin sukan tashi zuwa Lapland. Sai kawai tare da farkon lokacin kaka ne wakilan jinsuna wasu lokuta ke bayyana a cikin Timan tundra.
Ana samun samfurin gurbi a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa, tsakanin ƙungiyoyin bishiyoyi waɗanda ke warwatse a cikin al'adun gargajiyar, a cikin yankuna daji, da kurmi da kuma tugai na riɓaɓɓu. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen na gidajan gida sun fi son gefen dazuzzuka tare da bishiyoyin bishiyoyi da wuraren samun cikakken ruwa, wanda rafuka, tafkuna da tafkuna ke wakilta. Yanayin al'adu da yankuna da dama masu tarin yawa suna cikin halittun dabbobi na rooks. Don lokacin hunturu, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna zaɓar tudu da kwarin kogi, ƙasar da aka noma da sauran wuraren da ba a rufe da dusar ƙanƙara ba.
Rook rage cin abinci
Tushen abinci na yau da kullun don rooks shine kwari iri-iri, da matakin larva. Wakilan Passeriformes oda da dangin Corvidae suma suna cin abinci tare da jin daɗi a kan berayen linzamai, hatsi da amfanin gona na lambu, da wasu ciyawa. Abincin fuka-fukai na asalin dabbobi, gami da manyan kwari kamar fara da fara, sun fi yawa a tsarin ciyarwar.
Fa'idodin rooks a cikin aikin gona da gandun daji ba za a iya musun sa ba, saboda tsananin tasirin lalacewar:
- May beetles da larvae;
- kwari-kunkuru;
- kuzek - karin kwari na amfanin gona;
- tsinkar bazara;
- kwari na ciyawar ciyawa;
- gwoza weevil;
- wiresorms;
- kananan beraye.
Mahimmanci! Wakilan jinsunan Rook suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kawar da ƙauyuka na gida da yawa, wanda ke tattare da hayayyafar ɗumbin ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da itacen silkworm, filly da bew.
Wakilan dangin Corvaceae da Crow genus da yardan rai suna haƙa tare da ingantaccen dogon bakinsu a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya sauƙaƙa samun kwari da tsutsotsi iri-iri. Har ila yau, Rooks sukan bi taraktocin garma ko haɗawa, da haɗama suna tsince dukkan tsutsa da kwari da aka juya daga ƙasa. Hakanan ana yin girbi na kwari masu cutarwa akan itacen itaciya, rassan ko ganyen kowane irin ciyayi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Rooks ne a dabi'ance tsuntsayen makaranta ne na yau da kullun, don haka suna zaune a kan manyan bishiyoyi masu tsayi kusa da ƙauyuka, gami da tsoffin hanyoyin. Matsayin mai mulkin, tsuntsaye iska da dama dozin karfi da kuma abin dogara nests a lokaci daya a kan kambi na itace daya, wanda aka yi amfani da shi shekaru da yawa.... Gida yawanci ana wakiltar rassa da girma daban-daban kuma an lullube shi da busasshiyar ciyawa ko gashin dabbobi. Hakanan Rooks na iya amfani da kowane irin datti daga kwatar gari don gina gida.
Ma'aurata masu gata suna rayuwa tare har tsawon rayuwarsu, saboda haka rooks tsuntsaye ne masu auren mata ɗaya. Mace tana yin ƙwai sau ɗaya a shekara, a cikin adadin ƙwai uku zuwa bakwai. Akwai sanannun lokuta na mace da ta haifa twoa twoanta biyu a cikin shekara guda. Eggswai masu ƙyashi suna da girma ƙwarai, suna kaiwa 2.5-3.0 cm a diamita. Launin kwasfa yawanci yana da kyau, amma wani lokacin yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano tare da launin ruwan kasa. Lokacin shiryawa shine tsawan kwanaki ashirin, bayan an haifi zuriyar.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yayin aiwatar da wasannin mating, maza suna kawo kyaututtuka na musamman ga mata zaɓaɓɓu, bayan haka suna kusa da nan kuma suna sanar da kewaye da kuka mai ƙarfi.
Rooks suna kulawa da jariransu ba kawai a farkon kwanakin rayuwarsu ba, har ma bayan barin gida. Kaji na wakilan dangin Corvidae suna tashi daga cikin gida ne kawai da shekara ɗaya da wata ɗaya, don haka ana iya lura da tashin jirgin na matasa na farko daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. Yaran da suka girma bayan hunturu sun fi so su koma gidansu na asali.
Makiya na halitta
A wasu wurare, rooks yana lalata amfanin gona na masara ko wasu albarkatun gona, tono ƙananan samari da lalata hatsin iri, don haka irin waɗannan tsuntsayen sukan kashe tarkuna ko harbe su da baya. Saboda girman su, da ƙyar manya ke zama ganima ga tsuntsayen dabbobi ko dabbobi.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Hankaka
- Merlin
- Falcon
- Mikiya
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A yankuna na ɓangaren Turai na kewayon, rooks mallakar tsuntsaye ne na yau da kullun, kuma a cikin yankin Asiya, rarraba wakilan wannan nau'in ba shi da yawa, saboda haka adadin su yana da matsakaiciya. Ko da a kasashen Turai, yawan rokoki ba su da yawa, wanda hakan ya samo asali ne saboda buƙatar amfani da dogayen bishiyoyi don nest. Gabaɗaya, matsayin kiyayewa na rooks a yau shine astananan Damuwa.
