Tsarin duniyar tamu ba abu daya bane; yana kunshe da bulo ne masu karfi wanda ake kira faranti. Duk canje-canje masu ban mamaki - girgizar kasa, fashewar tsaunuka, rarar kudi da daukaka kowane yanki na kasa - na faruwa ne sakamakon tectonics - motsi na faranti lithospheric.
Alfred Wegener shine farkon wanda ya gabatar da ka'idar yawo a wasu yankuna na daban wadanda suka danganci juna a shekarar 1930 na karnin da ya gabata. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa saboda ci gaba da mu'amala da dunkulen wuri na lithosphere, an samar da nahiyoyi a Duniya. Kimiyyar ta sami tabbacin maganarsa ne kawai a shekarar 1960, bayan ta yi nazarin shimfidar tekun, inda irin wadannan sauye-sauye a doron duniyar suka yi rikodin daga masana kimiyyar teku da na kasa.
Fasahar zamani
A wannan lokaci a lokaci, saman duniya ya kasu gida biyu manyan faranti lithospheric da gomman ƙananan tubala. Lokacin da manyan bangarorin lithosphere suka rarrabu ta fuskoki daban-daban, abinda ke cikin alkyabba ta duniya ya shiga cikin tsaguwa, ya yi sanyi, ya zama kasan Tekun Duniya, kuma ya ci gaba da tunkude bangarorin nahiyoyin.
Idan faranti suka yi karo da juna, masifa ta duniya tana faruwa, tare da nutsar da wani ɓangare na ƙananan toshe a cikin rigar. Mafi sau da yawa, ƙasan shine farantin teku, wanda ake tunatar da abin da ke ciki a ƙarƙashin tasirin yanayin zafi mai yawa, ya zama ɓangare na alkyabbar. A lokaci guda, ana aika da daskararrun kwayoyin halitta zuwa ramuka na dutsen mai fitad da wuta, wadanda suka yi nauyi sun sauka, suna nitsewa zuwa kasan kayan wutar duniya, ana jan hankalinsu zuwa ga gindinta.
Lokacin da faranti na duniya suka yi karo, an kafa hadaddun tsaunuka. Mutum na iya lura da irin wannan lamarin tare da gusar kankara, lokacin da manyan gutsun ruwa masu daskarewa suka hau kan juna, suna rugujewa suna karyawa. Wannan shine yadda kusan dukkanin duwatsun duniya suke samuwa, misali, Himalayas da Alps, Pamirs da Andes.
Ilimin kimiyyar zamani ya kirga kusan saurin motsi nahiyoyin dangi da junan su:
- Turai tana ja da baya daga Arewacin Amurka a kimar santimita 5 a kowace shekara;
- Ostiraliya "tana gudu" daga Pole ta Kudu da santimita 15 kowane watanni 12.
Farantin lithospheric masu saurin motsa teku, masu zuwa na Nahiyar sau 7.
Godiya ga binciken masana kimiyya, wani hangen nesa game da motsi na gaba na faranti lithospheric ya tashi, bisa ga haka ne Tekun Bahar Rum zai ɓace, za a malale Bay na Biscay, kuma Ostiraliya za ta zama wani ɓangare na yankin Eurasia.
