Barbel irin ƙwaro ko katako na katako babban dangi ne mai yaduwa. Siffar halayyar wannan nau'in babbar gashin baki ce, sau da yawa fiye da jiki. An tsara su kamar haka: cututtukan arthropods na kwalliyar coleopteran barbel.
Masu tattara kwayoyin halittu suna matukar kaunar wadannan kwari saboda bambancinsu a girman jikinsu, sifar elytra, yawan kayan masarufi, tubercles da spines akan elytra, da launuka iri-iri. Wasu samfurin samfurin sun kashe kusan $ 1,000.
Hakanan kuma, wani yanki na yankakken katako yana da ikon lalata wani yanki mai muhimmanci na gandun daji a cikin kankanin lokaci, saboda haka dazuzzuka suka hallaka shi. Saboda dalilan da ke sama, duk da yawan jinsuna da yaduwa a duniya, a dangin beetles akwai mutanen da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja.
Bayani da fasali
Waɗannan kwari galibi ba su da lahani a cikin kansu, suna ciyar da shuke-shuke, galibi daga nau'in bishiyoyi. Amma wasu lokuta suna kama da barazanar. Babban abin burgewa shine dogon gashin baki na hannu, girman su yakai 2, ko ma ya ninka tsawon jiki sau 5. Idon eriya idanun kwari ne. Gashin-baki gabobin kamshi ne da tabawa.
Abin da duk waɗannan beetles suke da shi shine tsarin jiki mai tsayi, kodayake, ya danganta da nau'in, fasalin kansa na iya zama mai fadi a gefuna ko ƙari. A cikin tsarin jikin manya, manyan sassa uku ana iya rarrabewa: kai, kirji da ciki. An raba gabobin jiki zuwa abubuwa 5 - ƙugu, trochanter, cinya, ƙananan kafa da ƙafa.
Suna da nau'i-nau'i na paws guda 3, mara ƙarfi chitinous elytra, kuma wasu suna da manyan muƙamuƙi. Cikin yana da taushi, ya kasu kashi-kashi, galibi akan zama biyar. Kansu yana zagaye; yana faruwa cewa ya dace sosai a cikin prothorax.
Maza sun banbanta da mata ta dogon dogon baki, hammata na sama na maza ma sun sami ci gaba, ciki yana kaifi, kuma galibi ana zane su da launi daban-daban. Siffar jikinsu ta fi kwantawa da faɗi. Wadannan beetles suna dauke da irin wannan ra'ayi kamar dimorphism na jima'i. Wannan shine lokacin da mata da maza suka bambanta, kamar dai daga jinsuna daban-daban.
Yawancin ƙwayoyin berayen da yawa suna yin tsawa da ƙarfi, fasa, ko ƙyama. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda gogayyar haƙarƙarin prothorax a kan yanayin farfajiyar mesothorax, ko ƙwanƙwasa ƙafafun kafa na baya akan elytra. Suna yin irin wannan sautin lokacin da akwai barazanar harin makiya. Mai yiwuwa ya firgita su.
Launinsu na iya zama daban. Ya ƙunshi launin fuka-fukan fuka-fuka da gashin jikin mutum. Launuka suna farin ciki da bambancinsu. Haske masu haske - rawaya mai tsami, salatin, lemun tsami, ruwan hoda.
Duhu inuwa - launin ruwan kasa, m, baki. Haɗakar canza launi abu ne na gama gari - ratsi, ɗigon ruwa da sauran alamu, wani lokacin mawuyacin yanayi da ado. Duk bambance-bambancen waje tsakanin beetles sun dogara ne da mazauninsu da jinsinsu.
Irin
Mahimman ƙididdiga sun bayyana kusan nau'ikan 26,000 na waɗannan halittu, amma wannan bayanan yana canzawa akai-akai. Kusan kowace shekara, ana samun sabbin halittu daga wurare daban-daban, akasari daga yankuna masu zafi da yankuna kusa da ekweita. Koyaya, sabbin nau'ikan suma sun bayyana a cikin wayewar Turai, Asiya mai ban mamaki da Amurka ta cigaba.
A ƙasar Rasha akwai nau'ikan 583. Duk da banbance banbance da yalwa, wadannan kwari masana kimiyya sun yi musu kyakkyawan nazari. Yawancin su suna da matsakaiciyar girman ƙwaro. Amma akwai kuma ƙattai a cikin su. Misali, katako wanda yake zaune a Arewacin Amurka ya kai 19-22 cm tsayi.
Akwai kuma wani babban nau'in a Kudancin Amurka - katon katako mai katse katako daga Brazil, wanda girmansa yakai cm 17-18. Dogon-ƙwaro daga Fiji shine na uku mafi girma daga cikin manyan ƙwaroron da a halin yanzu aka sani. Girmansa ya kai 15 cm.
Babban katako
Mafi yawan ƙwaro na Turai a wannan lokacin shine masassaƙin kafinta, yana da tsayi kusan cm 6. A cikin Rasha, akwai kuma babban wakilin wannan nau'in - Ussuri relic barbel. Ya girma zuwa 11 cm.
Relic Barbel
Akwai iyalai goma sha ɗaya na 'yan bariki. Bari muyi magana game da wasu daga cikinsu. Sunayensu: real barbel, lamina, barbel, parandrina, prion barbel, spondylidin. Lamiinas sun haɗa da nau'in ƙwaro fiye da 13,000, yawancinsu suna da kyau a zahiri. Misali, wasu suna da rayayyun rarar baƙi da koren fukafukai.
Prionins sun hada da nau'in 1000. Wannan shine ɗayan tsoffin ƙwaro. An samo ko'ina a duniya, ban da yankuna masu sanyin sanyi. Girman ya bambanta sosai, daga 2 mm zuwa 178 mm, amma galibi waɗannan manyan ƙwaro ne, wani lokacin ma har zuwa 22 cm.
Fentin a launin ruwan kasa, baƙar fata, sautunan launin ruwan kasa. Ya kasance ga wannan ƙungiyar ne cewa ƙattai daga cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwaro sun hada da: katako na katako, ƙaton katako na Brazil da katako na katako na Ussuri.
Parandrins suna da nau'ikan 50 kuma suna rayuwa a cikin wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropics. Ba su da wata ma'ana ga dangi, saboda suna da gajeren eriya, waxanda suke da kamannin kaho. Launi na fikafikansu masu wuya yawanci ja-kasa-kasa ko baƙi.
Barbel ko lepturins dangi ne na 100 da jinsi 2500. Beananan ƙwaro, fuka-fuki suna da launi tare da raƙuman rawaya-baƙar fata.
Spondylidins sun haɗa da nau'in 100. Waɗannan wakilai ne na dare da maraice. Wassu kuma ba su da tsayi sosai, girman su ya fi na jiki. Launin fuka-fuki launin shuɗi ne-baƙi ko baƙi-kasa-kasa.
Wannan ɗan kwalliyar kwalliya a cikin hoton yayi kama da hoto daga frescoes na Masar. An tsara shi da kyau sosai, akwai tsinkaya a tsakiyar jiki, fuka-fuki tare da madaidaicin matte sheen, dan kadan kamar tagullar tagulla. An rarraba gashin baki, gwanayen suna da kyau sosai. Misali kawai don rigar makamai.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Barbel irin ƙwaro ko'ina cikin duniyar duniyar inda akwai gandun daji. Rarraba su ya dogara da wadatar abinci - galibi bishiyoyi. Wuraren sune Arctic da Antarctic, daidai saboda rashin tushen abinci.
Ta hanyar rayuwa, suna da motsi sosai. Suna rarrafe, da yawa da sauri. Wasu daga cikinsu na iya tashi. Idan ka debo kwaro, yana fitar da halayyar haushi. Hanyar rayuwarsu ta dogara da yanayi da mazauninsu.
A yankunan kudanci, waɗannan kwari “suna ɗaukar fikafikansu” daga tsakiyar bazara. Beananan beetles na Asiya sun fara tashi kusa da kaka. Wasu suna aiki da rana; suna ciyarwa galibi akan furannin da suke buɗewa da rana. Wasu kuma suna aiki da daddare. Abincinsu baya buya cikin duhu.
Duk dabbobin dare da na rana suna samun wurare masu wahalar isa don hutawa ko saduwa. Hakanan ana kewaya zangon jirgin dangane da girman. Girman ƙwayar ƙwaro, da ƙarancin tashi, da yawa yana rarrafe. Suna jagorantar rayuwar sirri sosai. Ganin babban ƙwaro a cikin gandun daji kyauta ce ta gaske ga mai ilimin ciki da kuma alama mai firgitarwa ga mai hangen nesa.
Gina Jiki
Wannan, me begen bera ya ke ci, ya dogara da mazaunin sa. Manyan ƙwaro suna cin abinci a kan pistils da stamens na furanni, ƙuruciya matasa da ganyen shrubs da bishiyoyi. Gutsun da suka faɗi ko ƙwarin lafiya, ƙanƙara, ruwan tsire-tsire, ɓangaren litattafan cacti ko wasu tsire-tsire - wannan shi ne abin da ƙwan ƙwan ƙwarya ke ci.
Wato, ƙwararren ƙwaro ba shi da wata illa. Amma ƙwaro irin ƙwaro Bala'i ne ga bishiyoyi, gine-ginen katako da abubuwan katako. Suna bunƙasa a cikin bishiyoyi kuma suna cin abinci akan itace, suna haifar da babbar illa ga gandun daji na duniya.
Yawancin ƙwaro sun kasu kashi-kashi daidai saboda zaɓin nau'in bishiyar, wanda suka zaɓa don ciyar da tsutsarsu. Misali, itacen oak irin ƙwaro Barbel ya fi son itace mai wuya, itacen oak, misali.
Yana iya zama a cikin itacen itacen oak, da kuma a wuraren da itacen ya lalace. Wannan ƙwaro matsakaici ne a cikin girma, launi 3 zuwa 6 cm, baƙar fata mai launin ruwan kasa, mai walƙiya kamar guduro. Elytra ja ne a ƙarshen. Baya ga itacen oak, ya zaɓi beech, hornbeam, elm, goro don ciyar da larvae na gaba.
Barbel irin ƙwaro, ko pine sun fi so su zaɓi conifers. Hakanan ana kiranta ƙwaro jirgin ruwa. Tsutsarsa ba ta lalace ba har ma an gama tsarin jirgin, idan an gina su ne daga itacen pine mai cutar. Shi kansa yana cin ciyawa, allurai da ganye.
Irin ƙwaro waɗanda suka fi son bishiyun coniferous don kamawarsu - larch, spruce, pine, sun haɗa da ƙwaro mai kama da launinsa mai ruwan hoda.
Pleanyen gora mai ƙyalƙyali kanta tana ciyar da laushi mai laushi na bishiyoyi matasa, allurai matasa masu taushi. Amma tsutsarsa na cutar da bishiyoyi kusan a ma'aunin masana'antu. Sun ci gaba da lalata itace, har ma sun girbe kuma sun yanke don amfani. Suna kuma son zama kusa da mutum, suna lalata gine-gine.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Dukkanin yanayin kiwo yana faruwa a cikin wuri mara nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali, wani wuri mafi girma. A saman bishiyar, a kan rufin. A cikin mata, wani ruwa na musamman (sirri) ya ɓoye, wanda ke jawo abokin tarayya. Mating yana ɗaukar kimanin minti 30. Macen da ta sami kulawa ta kasance ƙarƙashin kariya da kulawar namiji, wanda ke tare da ita har ƙwai suka bayyana.
A ƙarshen lokacin saduwa, namiji ya mutu, kuma mace ta tsira daga gare shi don yin ƙwai. Bewaro mata na yin ƙwai har ɗari a raunin bishiyoyi da sassan itace. Ta zabi wurin masonary ta wari. Bayan ƙirƙirar kama, ƙwarin ba sa nuna wata damuwa game da zuriyar.
Larvae suna fitowa daga ƙwai, sa'annan puppy, kuma kawai bayan fewan shekaru sai suka cinye sassan bishiyar kuma sukayo rarrafe. Larananan larvae ɗin kansu, suna girma, kusan sun kai tsawon babban ƙwaro. Dukan zagayen rayuwa ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa: kwai, tsutsa, pupa, imago.
Wasu lokuta begen beraye suna shirya wuri a gaba don ciyarwa da ci gaban larvae na gaba. Suna zaɓar ƙananan bishiyoyi, suna cin baƙin haushi a kewayen kewaye a cikin zoben zobe, kusa da asalin. A sakamakon haka, bishiyar ta fara mutuwa a hankali. Kuma larvae da aka jinkirta sun kammala aikin halakarwa.
Suna yin kara mai ƙarfi yayin da suke ciza cikin itace. Wani lokaci a cikin busassun daji, har ma kuna iya jin wannan sauti na halayyar. Tsutsa suna da tauri sosai. Sun jimre da duk wani yanayi mara kyau, suna rayuwa a cikin busassun bishiyoyi masu ƙarancin abinci na shekaru masu yawa.
Suna da launin jiki mai haske, daga fari zuwa rawaya. Jiki da kansa yana da taushi, an ɗan daidaita shi, tare da ingantaccen cephalothorax. Tana da madaidaiciyar laɓar gaba wacce zata iya aiwatar da ayyukan yankewa da taunawa.
Tsarin rayuwar baligi ya zama gajere. Irin ƙwaro yana fitowa daga jaririn a farkon bazara, kodayake saboda wannan dole ne ƙwarin ya samu lokacin yin ɗuwawu. Idan ya yi nesa da bazara, jariri ya shiga cikin bishiyar tare da rawar soja, da 'yan hibernates, suna jiran farkon farawar zafi.
Fa'idodi da cutarwa ga mutane
Lokacin da tsutsa ta fita, sai rami ya samu a bishiyar, daga ita sai ƙaramar bishiyar saƙa. Don haka ya zama a sarari inda wannan kwaro mai cutarwa yake rayuwa. Wani lokacin sukan ci itacen daga ciki har sai ya rube gaba ɗaya, kuma ya faɗi.
Wasu ƙwaro, alal misali launin ruwan goro, sun zama maƙwabta marasa daɗi na mutum. Ba su da yawa a cikin yanayi, amma suna jin daɗi a cikin gidajen katako. Falon gida, benaye, katangar tagogi na katako, rufin soro da rufin - komai na iya lalacewa idan wannan kwarin ya fara. Suna shimfida gumaka wadanda suke lalata komai da katako.
Ko kayan daki, gadaje, tebura da kujeru na iya wahala daga irin wannan unguwar. Beetles cikin hankali suna kwan ƙwai a wurare masu wahalar isa - zurfafa fasa cikin kayayyakin katako. Bayan makonni 2, larvae ya bayyana daga gare su, wanda zai fara aikin lalata su mara ganuwa. Idan baku sarrafa waɗannan abubuwan cikin lokaci ba, bayan ɗan lokaci komai zai zama turɓaya.
Akwai, kodayake, daidaikun mutane na katako wanda ba su da haɗari, amma, akasin haka, suna da fa'ida. Misali, launin toka bashi da illa ga daji. Yana shafar tsoffin bishiyoyi masu mutuwa ne kawai, wanda ke hanzarta sauyawar sako-sako da itace zuwa humus. Yawancin ƙwaro da yawa sune keɓaɓɓun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, suna cin gajiyar fiye da na zamani.
Yadda za a rabu da barbel
Barbel irin ƙwaro a gida - daya daga cikin mafi munin makiyan mutum, idan ba mafi hatsari ba. Tsutsayen sa suna da ƙarfi, suna da ƙarfi, kuma ba a gano su kai tsaye. Saboda haka, kuna buƙatar sanin wasu dokoki, yadda za a rabu da barbel irin ƙwarodon kar a bar muhalli.
- Lokacin zabar katako, tabbatar da bincika ko an bi da shi tare da maganin antiseptic.
- Lokacin gina gini, yi amfani da samfuran kammala itace na musamman tare da maganin antiseptic. Zasu hana beraye mamayewa.
- Idan kana da kwari, ka tabbata kayi maganin sunadarai na gaggawa. Wannan shine bromomethyl, zinc chloride, mercuric chloride. Haka kuma, ya kamata a aiwatar da irin wannan aiki sau 2-3 a shekara. Tsutsa suna da karfi, rigakafin yana da mahimmanci. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa dole ne a aiwatar da aikin a ƙarƙashin ikon ayyukan da suka dace. Zai fi kyau a kira kwararru daga gidan tsafta da annoba don wannan dalilin.
Hakanan kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar kwararru idan kun yanke shawarar aiwatar da fumigation daga ƙwaro, magani tare da iskar gas mai guba ko girka gwanayen guba. Duk waɗannan hanyoyin suna buƙatar ƙwarewar ƙwararrun masu hankali.
Kuna iya aiwatar da magani tare da tururi mai bushe ko, akasin haka, daskarewa. Wadannan hanyoyin kadai suna da wahalar aiwatarwa a gida. Kuma basu da lafiya. Sabili da haka, ana amfani dasu a cikin samarwa, kuma kawai a cikin keɓaɓɓun wurare da aka keɓance.
Hanyar zamani ta kawar da beetles na gida shine sakawa a microwave. Na'ura ta musamman tana zafin katako har ma a wurare masu wahalar isa, yana lalata tsutsa. Amfanin wannan hanyar shine aminci ga mutane da tsarin. Ya faru cewa wasu daga cikin sassan da abin ya shafa sun fi sauƙin yankewa da maye gurbinsu da sababbin, ɓangarorin da ba a lalata su ba da kuma sarrafa su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- Duk da karfin muƙamuƙin da ke iya cinye fensir, cizon ƙwai ba shi da haɗari ga mutane. Ba shi da ikon haifar masa da mummunar cuta.
- Babban ɗan ƙanƙancin ɗan kwando, har ma da girman girma, yana cin kaɗan. Wasu lokuta yana rayuwa ne kawai saboda albarkatun da ya tara azaman tsutsa. Mata na yawan cinye maza don tabbatar da yawan kwan jinin al'ada.
- A kan yankinta, mace galibi ba ta da abokan hamayya. Yana ɓoye wani abu na musamman wanda yake jan hankalin maza kuma yake tsoratar da mata.
- Bewaro irin ƙwaro yana rayuwa a lokacin bazara ɗaya, aƙalla watanni 2-3, kuma tsutsa ta fi girma, tsawon shekaru, a wasu nau'in har zuwa shekaru 10.
- Wasu masu gaba suna hango cewa nan gaba za mu ci itace. Idan kayi karatu da amfani da tsarin narkewar abincin ƙwarin barbel, zai yuwu ayi hakan. Ana samarda hanjinsa da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman waɗanda suke jujjuya cellulose cikin sauƙi mai narkewar abinci. Lokaci-lokaci, tsutsa suna aiwatar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta, suna karɓar ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki daga gare su. Bata-free samarwa.
- Yana iya zama baƙon abu, amma ba butterflies da ƙudan zuma ba, amma ƙwaƙƙwaran kwalliyar yana da alaƙa da tsire-tsire masu furanni. Suna yin mafi yawan gajeren rayuwarsu akan furanni. Kuma saboda girmansu, suna toshe babban fili. Godiya ga abubuwan da yake son dandano, wasu tsirrai sun tsira kuma sun wanzu a yanayi.
